insects - a golden nature guide

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492:100

225 SPECES IN FULL COLOR

NSECT� IE T FAMILIAR AMICAN INETS

GD UE



GODEN NRE GDES

Birds

Flowers • Tree

Insect

Stars

Reples an Aphias

Mauals

Seasores ss

Watr

Rocks and Minerals

GOLDN REIONAL GUIDES

e Aerican SotwsTe rican Sothat

N PPAAN:

Te Arican Notes

These book vailable in two editions:

Limp Bound $00 De Luxe Cloth $50



PI I FLL L

A GU AMiiA AMA

by

H E E S Z I M h D and

C L A R E N C E C O T A M P h D .Dco, Wd Wd Fd;

ormery A Dio, U.S Fish d Wildlife Servce

UTRATED BY

J A M E S O D O N I RV I N

poored by

The Wildife Mgeme Iie

A G AU U

ODEN RESS • NEW ORK



F W

i book on of t mot am bitio attmpd i n tGoldn Natr Gid ri Bca of it cop, n

al prolm ad to b olvd all along t way ndwa acivd bca of t coopraion of may opwo ft i imortant to av a rliabl bginnr' gidto inct ator pr tr aprcation to awo particpatd

artit, Jam Gordon Irving, mad a prb conri

btion Hi wif, Grac Crow Irvng, ld in ddi, collcing, and rarc obrt ic wamo lpflin compiling it from wic t origiacion wr mad in ccking data in prparingmap Spcimn cam from t Patnt arc fg, US Naio na l m, and vi l W Oborn,away, N J Nmro pciait gnroly ordggtion on t atWiliam D. Fid, Edward ACa pin, Wil iam H Andron, Atin H Cark, Gorg BVog, c I Sair, Han W Cap, Cartwrigt,Pa W Oman Ay B Grny, Barnard . Burk Karl. Kromn, o Arn, r, Maron Sth AaSon, Jon G Franclmon, Artur B Gaan, Crti W

Sabroky, Grac B Ganc, C F W bck, andor

In t prn rviio i addiiona pag of information av bn addd p a iting of cinic namW o radr wi d ti fr and mor aracivvom mr fl

REVSED EDITIO HSZc.c.

�f ti;1n 1·o: oil e p r s ,An ny c.FiBgd e e A?s!an Writers Press Inc Prnte n the USA by Wester n Prntng an LthograhngCom any Publishe by Gole n Press nc Rokeeler Ceter New York Y

Pulshe Si multaneousy n Canaa by The Msson oo Comany L oronto



S IN G TH IS BOOK

y dealig oy wih commo, imporat, ad showisecs, this book wl l hel the ovice beg a fasciagsudy To idefy a isect, tur o he key to he isecgroups (orders o ages ad . This key may laceyour specme wihi oe of groups. Thmb hroughhe seco idcaed o d your secime or somethigsmlar Sudy all he l lustraos o become aware ofisecs you mgh o oherwse oice. You may hus be-

come abe o idefy some a rs sgh. o be sappoied wh falures. may ake a expert a year ormore, afer dig a isec o make a al ideica-o f you ca place her proper orders a quarer ofhe isecs you d you have made a good sart

I secs i his book are ofe show o he r food pl a s

mmaure forms ofe appear wi he adul. f you ca-ot idefy an im mure i sec, r o rase i o mauriy.

advaced sudy he Lai scieic ames of speciesare used for greater recsio i desgao . ceic

ames of secies l lusraed his book are gve onpages .

O plaes, approxmae leghs are gve ches(w." idicaes wdh of wgsRage maps show occurece of species whi he

ted Saes, us over he Mexica border, ad abo200 miles orhward ito Caada Sice disribuio ofmay species is lile kow rges gve are oly p-proximae here rages of wo or more secs appear

o oe map, each has a derecolor or lie paer s i the sample here A red i over a ie a-er idicaes greaer abudace (aso page ach capio is o orex o he color o whch it refers.



KEY TO INSECT GROUP

GRASSHOPPERS, RACHES, AND THEIR

KIN (Orthoptera), pages 1728 Mdium to

large inct Live o land Foewng latheryHindwng folded fanlk (ome have no wing)Dvelopment gradal Chewng mouth par

EARWGS (Dermapra), pae 29. Small inecwh ypcal pncer·lk ta Ually fo mallws Semee enae evelomeadual

ERMES (otea, as 01 Ant-l iects, small ad oftbod ome have foulo w Le i colo pcazed"ases fo woki, tn Chewn moutparts Delome radualLIE (Anopu), ae 32 Sall, wies iets wth peci an sucn outh-artBod tened Les wt la�s fo clnn o

wam-blooe aialsLEAFHOPPERS, APHIDS, AND SAE IN

SECTS (ooea paes 41 Small o mdu nscts mo wit two pars of smiarws hed lopn at sdes of body Jontedba fo uckn achd to bae of adLad nect Som scale-lkeTRUE BUGS (Htera, ae 42-49. Ranefo small o ae i ze Two pa of wn,wt forewns aly thceed Jointe bakfo sucki ase fom font of hed Deelopm raduaDRAGOIES AN THEIR KN (Oonata),pae 5051 Farly lare inec wth o paio lon, qal-zed wn ody long and len

e Aea shor Immtue sects areaquac Devlopment n thee taeMAYIES (Ephemerda) AN STONEIE

(Pecoptera, a 52 ot wth wo airs oftranparn, vned wn n mayes, hndwns are mallr; n tone they ar largerMas ha lon, 2 o -on al



NERVE-WINGED INSECTS Neue es 5355 Te s f gs usully equl sze e ee es Fu stges f eelme: egg u ul e

us L ee

SCORPIONFIES (Mecte ge 56 Smllsects s f slee geelly sote gs Les log Aee og lsoBe-e e mouts Le e

CADDISFIES Tce ge 57 Mos le le e te Sme bul metecse Auls t s of gs lgsl s t l tee Mutse

MOTHS AND BTTERFLIES (Leote

ges 58-101 Meum to lge sects th s f scly s Sucg mutts Atee ob-le ehe Deeome fu ses

FIES AND THEIR KIN De ges 102108 To-ge sml eum nsects tsuckg mout-ts. Atee smll eyes lge

Seco of ns educe to blncng ogs Deelme u tges

BEETES (lete ges 10915 Fengs moe thckee coes H gsh folde Sze fom smll lge hegmut-ts Aee usul shot. All efou fe stges Sme quc

BEES WASPS AD ATS (ymeoteges 136149 Sml meum-sze secsmy sc coll T s of se gs dgs smlle outfo ceg sucng Oly sects t "stge Deelmet fu tges.



S IN G IN S

You ca hep eeg ecs, fo hey ae foud evey

hee eve i he Aacc They have bee on hs eahome 00 mio yea ad seem ee o say. Moe iecs a

d moe kd of ec ae ko ha al ohe

ama s v sbe o he aked eye. I n secs have bee ca edma o eemy They ae. u ome have economicvaue a o oe easo e ould be had pu o

ex hou hem. ec ae gem of aua beauy,ooogca myee, ad a coa ouce of ee.

T ISCTS E Insecs ae relae o cras andosers Lie hese sea anials he possess a nd ofeleon on he oe of heir odies The od iself scoposed of hree diisions head hoax and adoen

The horax has h ree egens each wih a pa of onedegs; so an nsec norall has six egs Mos insecs alohae wo pairs of wings attaced o he horax soehae onl one pai and a few av non a al nseusuall ae o ses of as wo inds of eessipleand copondand one pa ir of a nennae

So ch fo he pica l i nsecs u an coon onesATS OF A IECT



are not typical. Th thorax and abdom ay appar torun togthr. Immatur stqgs (larva) of many isctsar worm-ik, thoug thir six tru lgs ad phaps

som xtra fals ons may b countd. Immatur isctsar oftn dilt to1d

entify

t is also hard to tll th sxof om ict. som o ma a ar or avargr antnna or dint makings. Th fmal issomtims markd by a spar-li ovipositor for layingggs xtnding from th bas of th abdom.

CT ATV numbr of isclik animalsa ofusd with inscts. Spids hv oly o bodydivisions ad our pais of lgs. Thy hv o ata.Som spidrs do not liv i wbs. Otr ict-li aimalshv th had ad thoax joind li th spids. Crustacas hav at last v pai of lgs ad to pais of

antna. Most liv in watr (cab lobs himp, butth lowly sowbg is a and ustaca. Cntipd admillipds hav may sgmt to thir bodi ith onpair of lgs (cntipds or two pairs (millipds) on ac.Cntipds av a pair of ong antnna; millipds hava short pair. Millipds oftn coil up wh distubd.



NUMBER OF INSECTS The nect gou hagest o o anml in the ld e specie have been identied, bt one athoit as th

ma be on pecent of the i nect et to be di scoeehe las o nsect divided into ome 25 ode nede encomasse the moth and btteies; one, themte; anothe, the beele. The beetle alone indeome 2500 secie Thee ae moe kind o eetlethan kind of all othe animal kown, oside he insect

teie and moths tota oe 100 kinds ee,was, and an nmbe 000 te bgs, 55 omoe. he tden of nsect life need neve lac mateial.Oe 500 secies have been fond aod Ne YokCit Anone can n a hosad species in his vicini ifhe look fo ma l l i nsects a we l a fo lage, show one

ET A A hehe ceai isect ae to econideed he lfl to man o ohise, deends as mchon man a i doe on nsect as o amin andaisig aimals have ovided some insects which mightohewise be ae with codiios enabig them to m-i p a hosa dfod. O abo 1 pecet of in sects ae

hamfl, b these deso abot 1 ecent of o cop,cas ing a loss of b i l l ion of do llas anna l l. Othe nsectae paasiic on othe animals, and some ae knon toca diseases.

On the ohe ha d, h is wo ld be a o wod ihoisects. e wold hae no ap les, gaes, o c love, mch

les coton, ad fewe oages ad gaden egetabes,fo these ad ma ohe common pans deend o in-secs o olliate thei owes. Ad thee wod be ohoe, of cose Some isects aid he pocess of decaya pocess tha is essenia o ife. Some isecs he p cooohe, ad all he mainai a balace in nae



INSCTS IN THEIR LC In the broad view, insectsplay an imortant natura l role, not on ly in ways that bene

t man but s food for many kinds of sh, amphibians,birds, and mammals. Many of our songbirds depend almost entirely o a n i nsect diet. Every sherma knows howfreshwater game sh go afer insects. sects help makeou rich lant l ife and wildl ife ossible. Keep this broadiew in mind when peole start ta lki g about widespreadnsect controlsomethg that may become ossible withnewer chemicals. Local control may be successful anduseful to ma, but control on a large scale might causemore harm than it would prevet, because isects are soimportant to most other kinds of life about us.

CNTRL O INSCTS There are ways to suplement

the natural control of insects by birds and other animals.e encourge those harm less sects which prey on harmfu l ki nds. We ca n exclude insects with screens, discouragethm ith re e l lents, trap them or oson them. Mny ofthe newer posons are highly eective. ut since there areso many kinds of insects which live and feed in so may

iere ways, here is o sge bes meho o ge rdof them. Yet, with concerte eort some dangerous isects have been wied out over fair ly large areas. Auique example of this was the complete destrucion ofthe Medterrane a frui y, which meaced he cirus cropin 0 Florida counties.

If you have an important nsect problem, consult yulocal oard of ealth or your Couty Aget. Often entomologiss (sec specialiss a uiversiies or museumsca be of assisace. Fially, you ca tu o he Separme of Agricu lure, ureau of Eomoloy ashigto 5, . C., where expers are woi o ealyevery phase of isect l ie a insect corol.



E O The acesor of al isectswas probab a segmeed wormike creaure much kepme proura, erh spras, ad k As logas 00 mo yeas ago roaches ad oher secs werecommo. Today here are 0 o 6 orders of secs (depedig o he classcao, icudg oe 600000species Most of he 2,000 kids of foss ecs ideedare similar o ig species. or eaioshps of secs,see fam ee" bove



0

IVERIH-primiiv is wihir, graa vpm

t

�

CHINCH UGmr ava iswi imp mamrphsis vpm i hr sags

y y

HOUE ava, mr is,wih mp mmrphsis r vpm i fr grwh sags

Adult

secs follow dere developmeal paers I he

smples, he ewly hached isec s lke a miureadul grows d mols (sheds is sk l l eachesadul sie I icomplee meamorphosis a immaureymph haches, grows, develops wgs, ad by sagesbecomes a adul Complee meamorphosis volves ) egg, ) lrva, (3 pu p or resig sage, dul



IN TEIO OF A GR ASSHOPERSide View)

e cord

RR s marke by hree boy dvsos(page 6), sx joied legs, oe par of aeae, ad

usual ly oe or wo pars of wigs. The ouer coverig,or exskeleo, s ofe hory. Mouhpars are complcaed. Ierally, isecs possess may of he orgaswhch are furher develoed i hgher aimals hehave a gesve rac a auxlary dgesive ogas.reahg s doe b air ubes spreag ieral ly from

opegs cal led spiracles. The head is ubel ke; bloodcrcuao s smpe. Resprao, geso, ad circulaio are show he ogual seco (above acrossseo (ef of he grasshopper, a ypcal isec.

Digive rc The ervous sysem (belo shows

COSSSECTO

owing brn nrv,and gngion

he simple bra, whch exers

ver ile corol over he boy.Gaglos serve as erve ceersfor earb pars of he bod



fo sckn c

AAPATOS O EG

sect strctres show vast variatio.Adapted to ay eviroets, isectslive sccessflly i early every partof the world. They have digestive sys-tems for al l ids of plat ad aimalfood. They thrive o everyhig frowood to blood. A few species do oteat at all i the adul stage Mothparts are adapted for chewig scig, piercig ad sckig, ad lappigEqally ierestig adaptatios are

see i isect wigs, body coverigs,ad reprodctive orgas. The typicalisect leg (as of a grasshopper hasve parts. Grasshoper hid legs arespecialized for mpig The hose yhas pads which eable it to wal p

widows hoeybees the hid legis adaped to store ad carry pollead the foreleg to groom ad cleaateae ad body. sect strctresmake a fascatig sudy.

AAPAS O EE

GSSHOPP



SUDYN G

AN CLLECNG NSECS

c stil l s i cl can l cia scilis i cicc

HER O LOOK acticall v: i ls

as o sis cs sas; stns t l avs. s s; l .ll n ct i t i; ; g

N TO OOK Iscts t c la s a al ll c cllc can i llss. isct

coon at niht; tht collct. I it cctt tc

t as s . Wac cts in cs n sin saa).

'HAT O DO tn scts tc cc h ti

i clc. i liv st thi ats s citi. chav a sc i l las as. C llctiat iscts v) vi twith f atc t .



Watch caterpi l lar he their i, pn

a cocoon or chrysa lis, and fnal ly emerge

a a oth o a butty. S wol ik

ava bo i o bt. Raise a l-o o ants o tts o wla o o liv int tha oa

hatv o o with st o lln o stan o what ists a

a how th l iv U thi oo th a oo th oth oo ggs Mot iotago ot a loo at nsts Cah h i owh t watch th o hov how th a what t o

1

COLLEC SECS col ltio a valal o td o i it i Uig a ollto a o

than ag a o l lio thogh thi t co totnatl gs a oll it with lowot qt Not all ist a ha ith a tang an ol dsht ot at night with a all l ight in

n o i Roll th oto into a fnnl with a a tbnath st httng th ht will oll dow ito thja Sla ta a sd i oo th ast tho ad la ta owidow n o a a lag nosg Jst gah th it havt th

EQUIPMENT Ay large, wie-

outh ja wi l l sv f on-fning and ais ing insecs . Tie some gauze or netting over h to To ll si



a wideouthd ottle wih asornt coon or sason the otto wet wih a talespoon or so of carontetrachloride or carona. Cover this wih a sheet of

ighting cardoard puched full of pinholes Beausecyanide is sch a dangerous poison cyanide ottlesshou ld e ae and used o ly y experienced col lecors l ig h net wih a long handle i s good for cath in g insecson the wing heavier et is eter for sweepingthrough the grass or for catching water insects.

Cigar oxes wih a layer of heavy corrugaed cardoard on the oto to hold pins are n for storing spec i-ens. Use a othall to deer insect psts urchase anduse insect pins; ordinary ones are too heavy earn thtrics tha ae ouning nea and attractive. oo forecords is essential; so are laels ater you ay want

spreadin oards pinning locs and other accessories.Collectig and preserving speiens requires real sil l .ead rst; then practice wih any inses y o u a y n d inyou r own yar d. Si l l wi l l co e with experinc

E ETR TE ay prove orineresting and exciting han collecing Instead of learn-

ing a litle aou an insects learn a lot aou a few.ield studies can involve unusual proles on which hereis l itle o no scientic inforation How do ants recogn izeone another? How does eperatre aect the ight ofueies ow uh does a caterpillar ea? Caneeles reonize color? Such proles can e invesi-

gaed in your own yard if you are i eresed. May i secsare own only i he adul for; few facts are nownaout the rest of their life cycles Constan oservationof wild speciens or detaled study of captive ones rearedunder natural odiions ay yield any new and inter-esing facts



WKNGSTIC

C are large usually wingless insetswih legs all about the sae length disinguishing thero he antises (pp. 45) alk ingstiks l ive and eeon leaves o oak lous herry and wa ln ut oasiona l ly

ausing daage The ea les 00 or so egs are droppedsingly to the ground to hath the ollowing spring Asyoung grow thy olt or she

th ir

skin ve or six ties; oherwise they ·

.

are siilar to aduls. Males arsal ler than eales.

_



h al of th tr kaydd makes th pesisten katydid al whih oming as ofte as on asond is an aeped part of a summers vning Som

kayis ar ree dweers feding on avs of hrryoak mapl and appe. thers iv in th grass. Most argrn with thin lafik wngovers and so hav tadvantag of protetiv oortion owvr som spe-s ar brown or ven pink A hav long antna Atth bas f th tr wings r wingovrs of th mas



ae asps an ies whih when ubbed ike a ddlea d bow po u e he a s o he iee speies Kayis hea by eas" on he uppe pa o hei o les.

The emales eonize by he log oiposio layhei oal eggs o n leaes o wigs ealy in he al l . bou 00 o 50 ae la i. hen he youn emee in he spnghey esemble hei paens bu ae much smalle l ihein colo and lack wings n he Souh two boods apuc ach easn



MOECCET

N CL CCKTS s ca l cck liv cks in mis lacs sl nn. la l cick s a sfacain s an kil ln slins. n ists ats sais an a cs a l s i lss cam l cav) cick

is ni is i h ac ackg a scavn i f cms a isac a -ss



MORMN CRICKE T

f

m

l

1. 5" mal smaller

MORON CRICKET This erious pest of Western

gns n ot cops s pty conto by nsct psts s s n bs Gs s t cops ot y oon stts o os o ts cctc scn

dpon t g csy nsct

o ytng n t pt ncng c otSo stn Inns cons

�

t ccy n t t ost

·

·

·

. S csts o ggs n f '

t gon by t .

2



22

R ese common ageeae baco bon ccets ae noctuna e s musca ngsong s mae by ubbng te oengs oug egetans tey may eat ote nsects an eac ote n caty tese ccets mae ne pets Fe ccets amage

o an occasonay nae omes een eatng cotng Eggs ae a n e goun na e young nymps emege nte sng an eeo te aungs n seea tages



AERICAN CCKRACH h coon och, bno ou, tc ncty bc to th Co Ag. g bon pc o coon n h ouh.o n n hou n bn oh n y n o oo n oy boo, ug n co

ng y p ot pc n uuy co out ngh oc o th Gn oc o con bug

pbb nt ou opcpp Acn r ch,.

�

;�

2



CAOLIAATIS

2.3"

ASES Ths lag slnde odd insts th ostfailia of whih is gnall ald th paing antisa oing o oon. Th Chins and Euopan antiss intodud h o than 50 as ago havspad widl thugh th East antiss a pdats

fding ain on inst psts f onnd antiss aik to tun annibal. Th a olod a pottivgn and own. Had t s on foiag th wait ina ush gasping passing insts with thi spin flgs.The wings are nearly tra nsparen.



utz says these ae the oy ises tha a ook oethei shouldes I fa afe ai he feale ay eathe ale She ays see huded es i a fohy asthat dies ike hadeed bo oa ases a befou d i ie ad bouh i doos o hah The you

siia o ad us but iht ye o aediu t to aise he Caoi a aisis sa le tha the ohes is oe of0 atie speies foud os ooy i the Souh.



26

AMERCAN GRASSHOPER 20

CAONA GASSHOPPE 12"

GRASSOPPERS AND LOCUSTS a a gou oflsly lat insts. So sis igat; oths onot All a siila with shot antnna an la ha-in ogans on th aon Most a goo is thouh

so kins a wing lss ousts an gassho s stoycos sially in th st wh thy a o oon; ut thy sv as oo fo lag is sal l a -als an oth anials Fals lay 20 to 00 ggs inth goun o in ott woo S . 28 o th l if h istoo on sis Th nyhs atu n 2 to 3 onths



RD·D RSHOP

adult!life size)



W are marked by shor leahery forewgs aa per e abdomal ppedge whh s more prooued males Fom her bdoma glads earwgsexude a lqd wh a ar ke odor They ae oraspedg h e da y rees o dm p ples The eged

of her reep g o ears of sleepg s uueome k ds are arorous feedgo oher ses Youg ymphs arewgess ad gradually deeloadul form.

29



ERMTES Though somemes caled whe as erme are o a ad ome are o wh e Of some 000pece oy aou 40 are foud h coury Mayore are ropcal Thee hghy socalzed sec e cooes compoed of four dsc cases The kg ad

he quee ad he ged ermes whch ca becomekg a quees of ew cooes form he r caeThe earged ad amos hepess quee produces housa upo housads of egg Mos of hee hach owhh bd worker who make up he secod case



oders h arge heads ad jas ad ymphs hake oer he ask of reproduo shoud he kg orquee de make up he as o ases

h he ad o proozoa g her dgese raermes feed o ood ad do some 0000000 orh

of damage aua y o bu d gs hs oury The yougpa hrough sx sages o yearss hey deeo p o adu s Tropa ermes bud huge ess or moudsoe gher ha a ma



3

S 'CA TL LOUS 0•1 " CRAB OUE 0-" BODY LOSE 0. +

E ae inue winess diseaseayin insets haie an ee n hei hss. A ae paasies. Biin lice(id ie) a isin up fee n hai eahes anaens f skin. The sukn e ake he hsts d

ety b eans f sukin uhpas. The e( in.) ae the laes f his up. The head use infes huans and is knwn ay yphus tenh aneapsin fee. Six 12 eneains ie ay aueannuay un siia auts dep apidy.



BUFFO

EEHOR04

33

R The n een an n ee-hppers a sa ll ine sukin inses of uius anpeu lia r shapes They l ie n any plan s feein n hesap. Beause f hei peie l an f hey aeusual ly nie nly hen in ealy 200 speies

ae knn in his uny any ihizarr sha pes Es are la i in ses

�

�

an us seies ausing inaae. Es hah he fl linsprin oun ae sii lar auls



3

OERS hese rcive, sende, utcooednscts otn bun on lnts thy cn by suc ng t s Ts cuss ltng n njy to g,l clo bt n oth lnts Bss lhoscy us sss o lnt to lnt nd thus bcosos sts

hopps x hony s thy Ths s sot st ss s hch ttcts nts nbs c on t hops l non spogos ps Thy sots cl ogs



POTATO EAFHOPPE 0.3

bcs t t sp t sgt n stb s ggs n sts n s o o o

gntons a poc ac y t ggs nto n tc n spng Ats bnt an gn spng so yng tt tc sb t ats

n pss tg np stags bo ty tpp pptns n s yc s g s n p cO s , nn spcs bt n n t nt Stts

3



CCS ccas s sad lls latsu a i a o o ha ha s Mals akh shap sou ih pa ik oas th hoaxSo spis a all hasis aus of ti lasu appaa hs a ald 17ya luss

houh th 7 spis o iaas i y i h ithy ak to at Th eas ut sl its i yu tisad posit s i th Tis hait auss daa iu sis a oads aus h sl tis ak as ly id As th i ss sa ou hat th dp



3

the und buw in and stay thee 4 t 20 yeasdependin n the speies and the latitude) as nyphsl iin n juies suked f s The ful lwn nyphlibs a tee tunk The skin spl its dwn the bak theadult eees Bds" lae lnies ay ee

n asse Aduts dinai ly ie abt a weeklnuh t at and sta anthe

�

oo. Many e eaten by irds, ·-" _ ·

whih athe fas n hese ab ndant insets . e>iod�

- _ n nual r



3

SEBUG emale ttlebug make a oth on stemsan gsse to coe the ggs. young nyps e ot so to oe theses e eeng Opn ts ss o bubbes n you e y to s te su squt nsct e Spttebugs so c og·hos becuse the uts o about o pnt to pnt

an seo y oug sttebugse o mno potnc some nsnjue pn tes n ous gen pnts



3

DS mi sckig isecs, wigess o wihaspae o cooed wigs They ae ab da o maypas asg damage by sg jces o asigi dseaes as hey feed me fm ad e ga sMs ae ompcaed e hsoes Oy wigss f

maes emege fom he eggs spg These podcegeeas of femae a mmesomemes a dozeg mae p h a he yg ama mas ad ma h a mag phe ggs fom hch e aphs emege i spg



4

JO CE

SC NSCTS ar a lar ro o sall snnsts Indvdall n hs nsts lv clohh oft covr ranhs s ad lavs of hl ants on hh h fd sn cs S cs dr

arkdly n apparan Man hav a sall ovrn and ar ol hn atr. Ohr ss lasa ls t ar ovrd h a hond sron atn s and ants. hs scs ov vr l ttl . s aroorl dvlod. Mals ar sallr and dr fro hfals; hn atr th hav sall s.



Sce nect attc an njue ctu ppe n oteut tee n eenoue n onment pnt Sceae cut to conto ybug cetn m pn ote nt eneme e ue gtn tem

Repocton compcte ot ce nect pente nte eg c te eme epot une ee beoe e e e egg tc n pn n teyoung moe to e ot beoe tey ette on une ce Some pece poue ee geneton oeme beoe nom exu epoucton tae pce



SBUGS D SDBUGS her are severahure speies f skbus a shebus i ths cury. Al l have he aee shel sh pe by. Ms sukplat ju ies bu se fee her ss Ms are clre re r br t ah the r ev r e a are

asly e A lak seies c lakberres a raspberres is s e l eae i s seeseaen. he clrfu harlequ u s a exepi eve s uusual es The yu hah fr he espass hruh a seres f rh ses l l he phs



beome aus. The oor whch comes om wo gaso e hoax a whih gves siugs heir ame isaso haaersc o a umber o oher bugs s aeo bohee y he oor a ommoy ee o he ses. T aeq u bug a severa ohe speces ae e-

suv o gae ops. Te she bus ae vey s m a osbs ese spees he she �

wh vp om he horax is

so g ov a goo pa ohe aome.



SQUSBUS cause considerable damage to squash,pumpkins, gouds, and elated cros by suing juicesfom leaves and stems of young plants. The bugs have astong, oensive odo Eggs, lad i late srg, hatc nabou weeks he attatve nym s gee, soon turn

in own o ra Adults ibenate over the winte hetachnid fy, whih lays ts eggs nnymhs and adult squashugs, paasitzes these ests and helps eduetheir numbers



S EEDUG 04"

RGEEEDUG 0.5"'

MWEED BUGS Thee bak a e aebu ae a a ey elate he y eueh bu (p Abu 00 pee ae upe hee ay h te ee u u t ae ua e a e atae a pae M kee

bu ee n a aete f kee an a f e pae Aut hh

hbenate e the te pue·- :j1" '

yu ae p The yphaue a bee by ae ue

�



�

6

MUS U "fdin on aphid

AMBUSH BU These small oddy shaped pedatosfom a mino goup of some 25 species Thei hait is toli e conceal ed in owes gasping any sma l l i nsecs whichmay come y Thei fon les ae modied fo holdingthei ictims; the mouth fo tea ing and sucki ng nteest

in g ecause of thei izae foms and feedin ha its theamush ugs ack economic impotance No common nough to conto inuious insecs he do eatnecial ones also



CHINCH BUG Though sll, los nu, chnchbugs pouc so ply hy ovun gn ls,eoyng h cops s hy on ln jucs. Thnnu g n hs couny uns no llons Abou00 ggs po n gs o gn. Nyphs

, bcong gy o bon h g. To o h gn-ons y vlop n on ssonTh nh pln bug, sog, n o l ly, ssucv o ny kns fus



UC BUGS a foud i eay eey pod adea A fe peie ae aie a A ae eak

abe f hei adaaio o if o o beo h ufaeeay a ae paeou aaki he ie a

a h e u hee ie ae ood aeh a ae bi he a ide aki aaaeof ufae eio o ae ay o he ufa ihoubeaki huh hey ke a ih eakabepeed he ae bu pd o f he ie ua Soe ay do ai o he ufa of hei bodi



s is si i. sis i is disslvd i . I s ss g s l dls d f sis f l sgs. v i swiig .h ksis s h i idis si i ks c ls . h i gs sis 2is i lg fr qui a. Sin hii dc ifl sl l i g h u l ls ld cis cu i. W d hs g i ugs l s cis.

49



DRAGONFLIES AND MSELFLIES s snn pons most os om so non sng ns o stngs pt to b ngos. b on to s nscts c t t on tng Dgons ag tn ss st t ngs

otsttc sme mo cat msy stst ngs o. Bot y ggs on t nts o nt n nys o t s tt at sa on stgs t n sts n ut mgs



5



MYES N SONEES are urelaed ( ear similar adaed o aquaic eviromes The 0or so secies of maies have rasare, veied wigsad a log, forked ail Mriads of sholived aduls aresee o maig fighs or ear lighs The soeies iclu

some 00 secies The mphs, like hose of maies, ivei waer ad are mora food of freshwaer sh hmhs ake several ears o reach he aul sage Aulsoeies have asare wings, u o vermch or ver ofe



GODENEYE ENG06

CENGS serve a dole aral fco The adlsare somemes eae irds The larvae feed o ahidsad oher desucve secs, earg he ame ahdios Ma of he larvae of he 0 or more kids of rowlacewigs cove hemselves wh remas of ahids ad

oher ders Goldeee lacewgs (some 0 iessalked egs whch he arvae someies e. arae si sk cocoosfrom which he eerge as deicaehiwged aduls

3



54

OBSON Y Te erociouslooki adul ale sarless Te lo aibles are use i e ai,wic es is sor life Te eale lacks ese eag-gerae pars She lays a ass sas oeggs n plans oeragn a o or srea. Te lar-

ae eere, rop ino he waer, an spen he eree years eeing n saller waer·

�

.

lie Fisere prize e larg lar

vae, called hellgrammites, as liebai



ONS are so med becse he lrvae of mem-brs o his miy hve od eing hbis. Eggs re lidon he gron Whe oe hchs he lrv igs pi insnd or sny soil d livs lmos compleely bried ah boom Shod or oher sm insec mble i

i is sizd i poerl jas a scked dry. As he larvamrs i bils a silke cocooi hich i pas The adl rsembes a miiare drab damselyh shor aeae

55



5

SOPONFLY

06

SCORPIONFLIES e not poionu, n eelecopion nly in te odied ip o ei oenE e epoied in te oil, wee tey evelp intolve Ae te lve pupte, te y-like dult eeeto live cvene, eedin on e o dile inect

Adult e oun n plnt e o not y well tenOne oup o ll, l win

·

·

le copinie live in nten

wood n e civ even on nowin winte



CDDISFLIES nclue fale an ove pecee unuual lavae o oon n fe ae ae eknown ese u cae of an o plan er eene togete y lk Cae ul y een pece arencve Afer te aul ae n ove e ae

e feale lay everal ne eg on ueeoc o plan Larvae fee o all

,

waer pants an anal an n 0 ·-

urn are oo of any avaepupate n te larval cae

· .



5

nnn of bury ( f) a n d o

UTTELS ND OTHS ar, o ara

ive ad ow i ar roud or i ordr Lidora urie ad o ordr

c o bere

iude 75 faii of ohad 5 of uri. Aou7000 ci ar kow ior Arica. A, e

very few hav wo air ofwi. h ad h odyar covrd wi a or

odid air wi ive o ad ueri ircoor The ouhar o adul are odied io a uc-i ube which i roled ino a igh coil whe o i ue.

Leidoera have four ae of deveo: garva (cariar) ua (cooo or hryali) adadu Mo uery g are aid i or a ew a

ie ad ar urod. May oh ay a ar u-er of e i oe a ad ay ovr e awih a roiv oa-g hich icudeair ad cale frohe fale' body.here i o rule ofub for diiuihg caerilar of



IN SWOWIatrpillar

o fro o of ur Bo av ou-ar ad o d do rdou daa o roMo arar av 6 ru o ora, adfro o 1 0 ujod fa o ado A f

av rra ar o Ma arar a ooo, o- ovrd ar, ua urarva a o o

oo u for a rod rao Ldorar a a;o aor

adu o adur a ua u d f f r ou o rou, r, o da ar Br uua da o oda fo uoa fodd a; o r a ooa

oo aa of ur ar , d a o o of o v d o d a offar. ou o ur ar o arav, o for a arr, or dv, ad or -ora rou

5



60

MONRC This ommon araie ber hassprea ino Asia an Ausraia aes are ienie ba bak spo on he hir ein of he hiig To ohree geeraions go i one smmer fa sarmsof a s migrae sohar oering enire rees he

he sop o res he o no herae as s someime

eiee Te pae gree

oia· · eggs hah 3 o 5 as a

ae hih fee on mikee Thearae are no ofen eae b bis



CROY This ber s no becse n coor, ern, igh, an hbis i mmcs h monrch. Lk hmonarh i is abnn n e smmer. he icerois smaer an has cre bck ines crossing he insof he hi nings s eggs, n he re hich fee on

oar n i o, resemb e hose of he res )

o hich he ceo is e. The

:

e hiberne n o le ls for ,

�

he ier There r o nions or more e.

'\



2

URLES Th ban l as a conscos whban across s wngs wh a bor of an bl sos

on h hnwngs Eggs ar la on leas of w ll ow, brh,an poplar, on whh h lara f Th rspopl s so nam for s r sos on h nr salong h wng borrs an a h bas of h h nwngs .Th lara f on wl chr, wllow, an oh rsrfrrng sha woos.



BUCEYE Thogh i is mos ommon in he Soh anes, he bkee is oasional l fon in he NorhThe eesos make ieniaion of h ber easTe bk las is green, ribbe es on lanain,soneros, or geraria, an i is on hes lans a islarae fee The lara forms a brown

crsals from

wh he al eena l l emerskees are meimsize ris The are ofen fon in ons In he Soh here are osimiar seies, wih smaer eess on he hinwings

6



64

1 .0

MEADOW

FRIILAR

w .

VARIEGAT

FRTILARY



GUF FILLARY

09 29

6



66RTRES The frt are, one of the aet oof bteres, are fond not ony th ontr b many other art of the wor a we The famy o

whh they ae the mo mortant membe ha frontle whh are reed n sze and hed oe to thboy Ony of he 6 eg are e n wak n Frt a rae mosty medmsze btere, orane o eddboe wth ery or ht ot on the nder de of thhndwn Somemes the mae are a brhte ed o

top than the femaeThe derent peie of fr are are dtnt enoto make enera tatement abot them d. heg are eneral y ona n shape and ornamentewh re A the aerpar are pny, wth the neon the hea a bt one than the oher Mot fed at

nght on h pan a oe, oenrods, an oheompoe Whe the eary tage of the ommon frt l lare are known, here are many es ommon peend nformaton on the e an aer ar of tespees is in ompee The hsa s o r a res s a yanguar, ore a he p, an orere wh knos I oen brownsh

O the many frt are, those trated ae amonthe mos ommon an et nown The G frt arbeong to a eren gop rom he other and notonsere a te" frt ary.

GR SPND RIIRY larva



CHECKESPOT

6

CHECKERSOTS ND BLTORES Of his groupof sma araie ueries he wo i usrae are welkow The Baimore aeri lar is a wih oragebas a la rises fes o urehea a relae plans. Balmores are ommo oay ofe i

mois areas The heerspo aks h e ri l ia ora ge of

he Baimore. The aerpi lar is e�

irey a wih oger rises.

fees o paie ups a mokey Bo t1mr

owers whih are ommo i he '-

es



QESON

0 ,7H W , $H

NS This group of sma an meiumsize bueries has anguar, nohe forewings Theinwings ofen he shor ais Of 25 speies fon in

i s onr e qesion mark a lso a e he ioeip)comma, a he mourning oak p ) are bes known

The brownish arae of e quesion mark fee on hopem, an nee The greenish, ofen

_.,o

pa e comma caterp i lar feeds on net-es oh aerp i ars hae brane

eston k spines on eah bo segmen



MONNG COK

OUG O Ts be, i t oag e wigs iberaes as a a a ee m akes iappeaae r ea i sig ark, bareshapeeggs ae soo ai o wigs of popa, em, akber,or wi ow Te gregaious aerpi ars oasi�a a ee b srippig e foiage Te moig oak is

e eire oe emispee I '

·-

-

4

ommo a wie isribe ov

\

e Norh i has oe broo a ear '

e So wo. -

.

2

/

#



70

AMERICAN AI LA!HURS BURLY}

08" 2.0"

RE IR, ERICN NE DY, and

I NTE Y Two of ese ree losely relae uerfes are icul o sguis Bu e re amral sclear a umsakale ecaus of e as o isforewgs an re orers o s wgs T r a

miral s foud e wold aroud orer msphere The ligh gree eggs are arrelsha Te caerpllar fees o ops, rame, a eles Amerca paelay s resrc o Nor Amerca Is uppe se s erysimilar o ha of e paie la Te uer se s sc



AIND LADY

0.8 22

i havig wo large "eesos which he aied ladlcks. The Americas larvae are si ad blac, wihrows of whe sos. I feeds o arrowweed cudweed, adoher everlasigs. The aied ad or hisle buer isreore o be he mos widl disribud of all ow

buerfis. This may be becuse burdock, hisles suowers, les ad oer as which d

a

Jmir

a

l

rva eat re widly distribud also. i n ted oay

-

�

Caerpiar is greenish, wi black

sos ad ligh brached sies

7



72

/

NYMPHS N STYRS Abot ss ak t is a rge gro of sa to imsiz bttis, osof hi are bois o gay in olor . Ti aatrisi arkings ar ysots o t sis o tings Most refer oen oos an ontai aas, gna in te nor. T atri lars of s seies aresooth, an tae toar bot te ea a te tai, i is a lays forke. Te arae of t y bron aea air of ors at a n. Ti food is grass andsge T aryy is s igty largr i siz, an its



l s l m nc. T coon wood ns of l l ow tcs o c fown s ondn t ls sots. T l s two sll -sots on t ndwns. Mkns ood dl. Tl lck t ons of t st two secs T lttl

wood st s s l l, wt sots o ot o nndwngs. It rfrs on

fo

re t

_

nd tkts T lrv s no rd t

-

·

l l ; ts color vrs from rns to wo o d l brown It, too, fds on rsss Nymph

P 1 E ·

y y



MECN COE w

BONZE CO w. "

COERS ND B UES Ths large faml of smal ueres lues over 00 spees, u o ma speesare fou hs our These ueres are ommoThe famy has hree groups The harsres re usllrowsh or lush, wh hre als he p of hehwgs Ao 0 spees of hrsres lve he

Ue Saes The seo group, he oppers, are erlall a opperre olor wh la margs There aresome 8 spees The Amera opper s proal ourmos ommo uer I s fou everwhere eas of heRoes The las grop, he lues, are ver small Weser



RIE UE

EASTERAILED

LUE4"

w. "

SR ZURE

w . "

WSTR UE" w . 6"

m bl, w wnsr of b or Y2 nc, or sm l ls b r ls mor com mo n t Wsom scs, rb l n form n c lt to ntf,r ls for Un s T srn zr s or 3 in rons T c l lrs of l l s fmi l r sor, ick, n sll k om r n n

o w n r. T f on rt oflns ncln ok, ickor, os,n sorrl On scs s a coros ctl lr wc oslnt l c



CABBAG BUTTRF

7 w

CBBGE BUE This a ooommon speieses e mos of he ohen hemisphee s enee hs ou i 868 n hi 20 eas ha speao he Ries hese ises e fou in ee abbe e he een epi s fee aso on musa

an ee i s To o hee boos mae eah

e he as boo hibeain ashe hsa is an emeging n easpi A s ofen i n oks of aoen o o



SUPHURS oes of ommo or oue suphurshoer s ye ow o oer roasie pues Their ooris ri e fem es re per, wih ye o spos i orersof foreigs There re o geeraios nuy Theff uey, so ryig i oor, is someimes pe so is ommo og rosies, i es greshe r is smi r o he ommo

suphur's, bu hs pik sries oh

hese re fee o oer, afaf uttery

a oher egumes.



79



SLLOILS a o ast and ostarai bueres Oer 0 speies our i he UidSas ad an ohrs ar found lsewh making thswa l lowtai ls a rou hat s widl known ad rd o-td ad sudid Clos lad o h swallowasa th arnassians mor omon in h s Ths lakth ta l" on h hidwings hat gis th swallowtasthir n Th aerpil lars pupa on h round Th

ounn bu is a n xampl of his goupTh swallowails ar redomial blak o l lowSo sis ou in sral forms Th fmal tigrswa lowtai l a b ihr l low or b lak h blak forbing mor ommon i h Souh Swallowail s asuall roud aed a h bas Th arllars ar

nrall sooh laig spies hough h piinswallowtails ha sh hors p ) All h lara anmit a rah son usk odor whih a prot hTh hrslis ress on is il d supord b a loopof si l he mile here re ofe wo roos a yer

The swallowails il lusraed her are sy o ideify

spi of arions in olor. Their erpil lrs foola ns a show on h nex pag Th zebra sw l lowa i ha s h e logs i l o f a ati speies T h i an t swallowtail s h lrges wih a sprad of o Y inhsI is mos ommon in th Souhas Its laa are oasionlly desruie o irus orhars oh male afeml black swal lowtail hav a doubl row of yel low

spos bu hos of th fm l ar sa l l Yl low spos oth forwigs and g reish h i dwigs mark th spibushswallowail Th ipin swallowtl laks he llowspos



SPICBUH on sassafras ZBRA on pwpw

IPVI on plpevlne BLAC on prey

GIA on ornge TIGR on wid cerry

WALLOWTAIL CATRILLARSad thir fod pats

8



8

TI SKIE0.3 0.9

SERS Au 00 kis skippers are ai ahis is l eeh he al umer Their rapiarig igh gies hem heir ame These small ueries hae caracerisics mhs me res wih hehiwigs r h wigs hriza as mhs The

smh caerillars hae lrge has ad hi "ecks

4f

The ee lcus, cler a·

,

Z / hr plas he silrspe skid�A-

� � '

per is h ms cmm he largeSil

v

> s

S

P

I

k"

M h 1 1

;

s 1pers a ar muc sma er ,

g· ha his



CRE MOTS ad BNE WOOYBERS represe miy o some Ame speis Are isoe o he mos ommo eser mhs es iiey he spo ome The me is sre. The emes higs re he erp rs ee o grsses

gre p s. The e oo o Ise moh erp l r, ut ia

u

mn, fe

d

s

n lantan nd

le ps. It hieres s r V/@W pupes sprg. oh lreuse hr i mkg ooos



8

SNX MOTS Sme 00 sees f hese he rrge mhs e hs ury Thermm mes s m rm wrm e he fos sugh y sme re. ees smemes fru s re ee. Sme l re fee es memers f he p fmy her spees

et brh l, gre oher assy mgg urseres eyrs. here re rge uuy he r hr. Smerer e gere tue he mese, u psus s s ees eee r



cocoons of

brcold ws

on shnx r

ss her eggs i he l g erpi rs, hih hes lre e. errs f Shix mhs erh asp s re fe se. er lrs pue he gru, a se m e rege he freegue se, hih rms p e e. The m as re ieie i r grigs The suigue uh

�

'

?

"

s g ebg Shix mhs '

�

/

ge er a p a uulr ,

'

:% ,

/ "N )

oi!9

n

fowrs, suh as n icotin, petuna, a2

�

. t

e -

ied

: ;

hesu rue ie ·

,

5



AI ATHUS SI MOTH

" w . 2

AILANTS SILK OT T ot w portedfro C n, where orse grde o l k obtned frot ooon Sne t ha beome rl estblshedn the East. The lk nustr, h t w hope thoth old strt, neer mteralied Te lrge terpllr re ontrolled b natral enee, nd ne the

_ fee he on alnthus, a eed

'

tree, the are not harmfl These re

t the onl large moth wt wte tfton the abdoen



CECOPIA MOTH

CECRA MOT h arg, cldd ccoa l ava o chrr, ap, o a a otelant. la o o cocoo a lattaced to ac a ar a l o nt. Ot

doo, t o a o me,t wen cocoons ae ot noo te at ea l e.e emegene of the a ul is a sigh

\

to see Te wnkle, veet wns i

nfol l l te ae 5 o e

1

cosomt ot atc!·



88POMETA MOH

1 0 3"

ccPROEA O This moh somims cllhe spiebush si k moh has a buishgee aa ih pais of sho e hos ea he hea fees o sassafas i he uip e an see gum as e aso spieush o e he oma ooos eah ape

i a eaf a ah he aus emege i spigReogie he mae b is ake

maoo oo he fema is a i lage ige a boe h

sl ighl iee makigs



PHMS MTH

3 w 5

OYHEMUS MOT cs s c s t ss th s this t sil s f t d i lphs G t lg g l v s is v 3

cs l hic l pl ich

s shs h spi hi l ccsh h d chd . hs s c i t s

8



MOH

1 1 2

MOTS Thee e imia peie ae foun in hioun The aae ae of paiua inees, fo ehap pine ae mi poionou Reognie em bhei hoiona eanhie sipe ane hem iae hen ou n hemon on an ohe gaen ani plans Ineumon ie (p 13) oen aak e

aa The ooon i foun on e

goun in ea eaes Te ali mae i s ma e an e femal

ha bigh e o foengs



UNA OT Ths hadsome moth, wth s strklo ta ls ad delate ree olor, makes a last mpresso o hose who see for he rst time It s

faorte wth olletors of mohs ad bteries Thelarae, smaller tha the oher ightiers feed o sweet

m, walt, hkry, ad persimmo The ooos aresal ly sp o the grod Mal

�

ad female are simi lar i a ppear ·

·

i

�

ae Some hae more prp le o the

brders of he wgs ha others·

.

/



NERWING MOTHS o i ofte ati mo in t Uni S n ityof nwin n fon in ey loliy. ollhem in woos a nih afe ainin ee tnk nm s wi mix of bown s a n femen fiie as bai. en e al s on bak wih i win

fole i an saely be een. In igh h bih olos of nwins ae in sh on o ta aen of h owin.



IMPERAL MOTH

1 . 8" w . 4.6"

larva

on white oak

IMPRIA AND REGAL MOTHS These moths arc ose ly relate to the arge sik moths. The ha iry imperia l caterp i ar, with shot horns near the head, vares fro g reen to brown. It feeds on pne, hicory, oak, ma ple,and other trees N o cocoon s formed, the pupa resting n

the ground. The forewings of the male are purpl sh; those

The larvae of regal moths, wh1ch - -<.

of the female are richer n yel lo's.\_

feed on walnuts, have large, re,

.

curve horns._

�

�

·.

93



94CORN EARWORM

CORN EARWORM AND BORERS veryon wo asuskd swe corn as sen grenis or brown araof te corn earworm, found a lmos verywhere. I ·feeds onoer garden crops, too, and pupaes undrground TeEuropean corn borer becam sablisd nar Boson in1917 and as spread widey sinc, doing mil ions o

dors' dmag o corn r- �

o bor ino salks, wakning and

E u�

,; er

braking m Conrol is dicu l, as

<.orn Erwomborers liv in wi ld lans a lso



HE-ARED USSOC OH

WE-AKE USSO The laae, ofesee lae smme, ae eogze b he fewhe has a aace oasg olos The aepess of mos shae a oameal ees a ae besoolle b esog cooos we. The egg

masses a la b he wgless fema les o he sfae ofhe ooos Eggs hach spg,

u h laa a ot oteble· - .

f

'

u

,

t l l s�me. Als ae sma l i 4

j

0·

cop

.



GSY MOT Te gp e browtil m reuropen relaies of he wiemre u mwi, uforuel, e beme etblise iour. e lare, omew milr to tuok mowiou uso e e leae f most se a fore

tree e ten to feed at nig. Larae upae i mi

1

summer a auls emerge sortl.

-

�

The female ies but l i le She l l

ms of egg oerig hem wi ir ses. hese hh prig.



N RRS ND BORSThee o pe o e shae a oamea eeae o coe eae b ae oe cose oh beb b that o he a ebom coe he eaes hee caepa eb b o spg is sua a he

coch o bache ebom ih aabe bacspo o oeg a eggs o

Q

eae e cepa egg masses w

7

? Y

ae o o g emoe hem id

Z

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J

/

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;

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h �

Et Cte p l l ae o co o ec a l

i

e b

m

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: / .

7

. •



8

5 w. 2

wgessee

CAKERWRMS Tse sts of a otr fr t andad trs ar wort watcn as t lo alon ontr t and fals ls Somtms th sn a s lntrad and an ssnd n mdar Fal l and srncankrworms ar q al l obnoxos. T wn lss fmal

la tr s on bar Aftr fastn on las tar puae underrond Thals mr ate n fal l and canbe rad b bands of stcar arond tr trns



PEA CHTREE BORER

9 on +n• cocoon

EHREE RER larae ent the tree as soon asthey hath fom the s whh hae been ad on thebark he laae brros an be reognzed by exdnm on the s rfae After spend n the wnter as a la a,the bore ppaes n a rd ooon he adlt emeresn about a month and mates he fema e lays a ne massof seeral nded es hs pests nate nset wh s beleed /4�

to hae fed on wl d l m a nd erybefoe eahes we ntodd.



ODLI OH T s s so wdsprad haspraying a ppe rees for is onro is a rouine operaionnroue from urope he oing moh is no wieisribue i eggs are eposie on eaes As hehah he are ene r he new frui aer re hah

from ggs ai on he appes. Afer feing in he fruilara pupae on h bar here

·

.;

.

/

;

are ofen seera genaions a year

>:. Lae re hibern an pupehe fo owing spring.

'



rvin b9

rbovi

BAGWORMS re ommo u eome serous pess o o her fe hsor s srge he gess fooess fem e fer mig r s k i o her g s h u res of e o eggs hh h h spr ghe oug re fee o ees of m k s o f rees

uig her oi gs as he fee aer he her gs o gs pupae h em e emerges, seeks he fema e mes Seera ree mohs mkegs hh e sm i esig.



ADE

MOQUITO

0 3

SQITES s arge grop of sma bt mportantnsects as been ampy stded as part f pbceatcampagns aganst maara an yeow fever e conqest f maara s a scentfc mestone e common

carers of te dsease te anpees mosqtes areecogned by te "treepronged bea of te femaeand b te tted pston tey assme wen restng eaedes mosqtoes one of wc carres yeow fever aemore ke te common ose and swamp mosqto nappeaanc e dsease carre s mted to tropcs and



v n

du 0 . �

sutropics Fmal culx mosquitos lay rafts of svralh�ndrd ggs which hatch in a w days into larval wrigglrs In a w or so ths pupat and th adult omrg Mal mosquitos ar harmlss hir a arot ttd for pircing Fmals it and a rasmit disas Thy ar th oly ons which u osquitos hav n controlld y draining swamps and yth wid us o inscticids h possiility of lograngdangs in ths mthods particularly whn applid yinadquatly inormd prsons nds furthr study

I



1 04

AE FES Aul rane es are somemes msakenfor gan mosqioes. u he auls, ofen seen arouneer l ghs, ma no ea a all . Some ae apparenlpreaeous. The female las seeral hnre eggs onamp soi l. The l arae brrow no he gron or eangwoo nl a few aak plans. n a fe weeks he

pupae, an in about a week appear;

o

as auls. Crane es form a large

�-

/

group, wih oer 1000 seies in this

onr?



OBBER Y

0"

1 05

HOS 0

LE ncde seos ess of lans and anmals whchcase osses nnn nto m l ons. The as maoy ehamless; som seces e beneca. Th obbe yeys on nsecs some la g e han self. The ee y a ndhe blck y cn make a came mseabe. Mach eswhch e mo common la e n sng) e ofen seen onowes The blck hose y somemes a fll nch long,bes seey. Many es tansm dsease as hey be nfeced anmas and hen ohes. nsect eellens and nseccdes re useful n conoll n them.



B L EBOTTLE ND EENBOTTLE FLIES are araie inses, b horoghy obnoxios oherwise. Eggsare lai on ea animals, garbage, sewage, or n oenwons of animas Some reae seies arasiie anki l l anmas an een man. Eggs hah ery soon afer

being lai; larae are mare in less han 2 weeks. Theshort l ife cle means seeral eneraions a season; onl oninasraying wi l l kee hese ess nerontol



AC HI NI D AND OTHER I ES Taciid ies aeeecial isecs ic el cool ijios oes oea 00 secies ae bee descibed. ecase eseie ae olic hei ale as aasies is iceased

yhid ies o as oe o doe ies ae similaisecs. hey ae oe see aoacig a oe comigo a ab so ad hoeig i midai. Te laae eaids ad scaes e fzzy sqa ee y lies i iesad is laae oe aac ad eed o laae o eesad oe isec.



1

m -w sti·win

RU Y These sma a raher impora ies areofe see arou roi or fermei frui Their laimo fame ress o siei uses o hih he hae beepu ru i ies hae bee use hures of experimens

eain ih inheriae They hae probab ben suie from his a e more iesey ha a oher aimaTe fa ha he ir l ife ye is ess ha eeks e hanesheir aue i his or They are easi gro i helaoraor, here ieresi forms hae apear nara or from exposure o experimea raaion.



1 09

TIGER BEETES These hadsme eeles are e see summer aers darig i ad u f pahs. Theye widely disiued nd quie cmm ut gile swiad dicul cach. Eggs are laid i he sil The preda

ry larvae lcally alled ddleugs dig deep urrws ad wai a he peigs ch passig isecs i heir pwer · - - �rf

ul jaws. me iger eeles livig eaches r her sady areas aeprecively led gray

· - f



JAANESE BEETE hen hese a panese inses ees soee on plans in Ne ese in 6 ees ou sael n a oen No housans ne o ee a an ono s a seos oem esmal he s ee on he oos o asses ama

in lans he laae eep o ine an pupee o on spn he aulsemee n misumme n ee onulae pans an us Aemain es ae epose n soil .

1 1 1



C RR ON N D ROV E BE T L E S form a fami y of oer100 species in wo groups he carrion an he buryngbeeles. The former ar smaller atene nsects whichas scaengers fee on ecaying animal mater. omekins are preators feeing on worms an insecs a feweat plan o larae an auls hae simlar een

_ _B

� n

Betl•fhabi�s is repore hat he larger

/

l

bryg beeles some brghtly col

' ore ig ne the carcass of

smal l a nima l t l l i fa l ls ino t ol�

ae s peces



a

Y UYNG EEE 07 HA OE EE 0

an is aua y bu rie o sere as foo for e a rae. Teeggs are eosie on te orse The arae of someseies eeo raiy, reahing mauriy in abou aeek Roe beees, i are aso saengrs or reaors, ae sor ingoers an seria resembehe earigs 2 Tey are a arg er grouoer ,000seies are reore for is onrySome ie fngi or in ants nests.Some squir a maoorous ms orroe a enemies

3



CCK EEE

BEEES fom a family of some 5 Ameriaspeies The eye eaer is a sriig example f it falso as o is ba it ies quiely fo perhaps a miuteThe wih a lou li it ips ito he ai f i is luyit las o its fee a rus aay otherwise it ties aga i The larae of i beetles now as wireworms l ie i the

grou o i rote woo Most li beee larae fee o oots i jurgpoatoes a oher rops Some eatohe isets



CP HUS l lan v attactv etles. he ail hich hln als la s 2 ic cis n s late t h i etle . 9 hse el ll ace in n nsects an he sall n

al . a va o th catepi l la hnts attack an catillas h s th nn catei l la. S alt sqin aci i n h vcti nwa cllect.



IRFLIS are not ies at a ut sotoie beees

an ost unusua insects out species ae know intis counr an n oe even re avelous refound wiel istriute in te tropics e iivnpropert luinescene is not conned to t adutsn soe species te es and arvae low ls efeaes of soe secies are winess: tese re knwnas owwos ireies are f ittle econoic iprcee ad t te peasure of a suer's nit te rpicaispa of tousans of tese insects asin in unisonis reattakin irefies ave pse a proe wicscienists ave not et sove tat of cod it estud of tis penoenon ma ave wide practia ap



1 1 7

pctons n t spcs son t s t st sgmnt ot bomn c contns t gtpoucng tssu.s s tt n ncs nto o ns ntbs oug t tt oxygn o t gtpoucng pocss s obtn n ony p oxdato mucmo t tn gt s pouc t pouctos ggb

ngoun o n ott oo o

ubbs y on sm nscts duts pot to t t sm oo but

�

p

som o t common s my ot · - -

t n t ut stg Pt

som n n tc t cto Glowworm

· Ot er F refes



ADBRD BEETES are roaly the e ow a

most ale of or eetles. e ae some 35 speien ths ontry thogh te family s worwe istrbto. Ltz ays the name a be trae ba to theMle Ae when thee beetles were eiae to theVrgnene te name laybir or layg ot laraean als of many speies fee on aph Calforia,where thee pets a sale ie cae sero amageto trs tree, ate a importe layir eele haebeen sessflly e to ol the ess i he hete otoyson sale from Astralia (p 41) egan to srea tog Califoria orage groe, theentre istry was theaee An Aralia layg



wc fds nly on sca was mpod and wn

a fw yas scal was und conol Abou ,bls wll poc an ac of s comon spcsa nally smla n appaanc bu d n numb of spos All av vy so ls, wc dsnuss bls fom o adn bls (pp adybd bls lay s on plans nfcd wapds o scals lava fd on apds and passou fou ow sas Wn mau, pupa n

h mans of las laval sn

��

,Aduls assmbl by ousands b . . __ - fo cold wa ss n and b Other

ladybi rds 1 5-spotte na und faln bancs o ocsLaybird



��

1

G R N B T S

Gn tls r sts t n s ll s t

th ns s st n ic. thrtls stciv in t n ls s t tl Jns t n svl vils. stls il lustt t int tt n cultivt c s nqt it lntin inscts. It s lvii lnc t clt ivt lnts lt n nsil u n s.

EXCAN BEAN BEETLE is lt t cn l i n is n t il li

i l t n lnts s li n t unsis lvs in ll lv t t st l tissulvin t vins in t s t stiin

lnt in st ults v siil din itsBn tls fd n rs th i l i ld ndltivts ns l l n ss.

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE is n l ltivl unirtn insct cn cn its l s thnvinnt cns is tl s nc tiv t t

cis l ivin n nitsh n il s t tt il Whn stls n ttstis n v th tls s stt rs n sr til l t n ist in cticll ll t 48 ss. Es lid in clsts n t vs iclv t. v t in t n lts

r n d cntin u t d n ttsSTRIPED BLISTER BEETLE stip ptt tl ststing rltivs tt psitiz bs. Ts spcis sa complex l ie · istoy wit u nsa l lavae. It fees on ptts, tts, nd ltd plnts Oth spcis don goldenrod, a lfa la, c love, an other wil p lants



:



122

SPED LSE EETE



1 23

lava in roots of corn



1 2CUUMB BT t n t tls r oon grdn ts. l f th

form aak oos n h duls a as of um sq s n lt l nts. 2pottd tl n n s pt fng n n t lntsd ts f th sqas f l It pr l n on nd ts lt n t t t l t f on ts n ot g

ASPARAUS BEELES s of tm rg tspgs rp. dlts hint n th grnd mergng n sprng o fd on ong shoos Eggs r snld nd l tt shots ls" nd frit srpng th lan. if ts onl ut month

s hr r s ds . oh sps tommon aspags et and h spoed spgustl er n trd f Eop n t 9 ndth t t go

CR OF AR PESS Control of gadn

insts rst qirs knoldg f hih psts r nld nd othng of thi ng its If ounnt dntif th nst sk d of o ong l g f g lr ms o th U Dtmnt of grlt. On o n t nst ontl ms n nd fr s n Fdrl gilrl gni h pphlts

on ontrl of gdn sts. hpamphs r ll sl lfr r t ninl s ponrqust. Mhods f pst onro ng onstntl hnged t n ondition



1 25



WHLGG BEEL 0

ATE R E ETES are no o e onfse ih aer gs{pp 8 hogh he are fon n he same haiaThe hir igig beees r o heir name hir or sima he srfae The ie hen isre an are goo

iers aso ggs ae ai on aer pans arae ee onaer an im a s Eggs of iing ees are posie in heisse of aer pans The hh ino arae ommonknon as aer igers hih aak aer inses smalsh an een one anoher Afer a monh or so araeppae in he gron As are aie a ear Their



meho of carrying a bubb le of ai r own wih hem a hetip of heir abomen is ineresing to wah

Thes an oher waer in ses can be kep i n an a uam an fe bis of mea The waer saengers h

larges waer beeles are someimes oer 3 nhes ogEggs are lai i a si lken wra pping atahe to a oaigeaf The preaceos larae fee like those of igbeees Pupae form in soil by lae summer, an emergein about 2 weeks Aus also are acie n all seasonshey carry air as a lm on he unersie of he boy



2

MAY S or J n gs for gro of o 1 00mian speies, widey disried and dilt to onrol hie eggs ar aid in an arhoed a amidoots on whih the whi grs fed for 2 or 3 yars.

hes a ndrgrond n fa l l , and d ts pr thfo owing sprin g d ls fed on las of an oon

rees. hy are arated o leril ighs Birds and sl l amals,sh as sknks and en igs, rooto grbs and a .



GR U Oftn lld th gat thistl fds n n plns ting ts sts ndlas. a fnd n sil n. h istls n thi aks instad f thi sht lgs.

dults in lag ns aking ld zzingwhih s swht siila t th zzing f umls.hs insts a on inth th wh th adlts daaga pits gs g ps lons ndoth sh fits



SCARAB BEETLES, nding t s af apans and May bt fm a lag famly ttal ingm an 30000 spies, f whih wl 00 afund in is nty Many a sangs adaptdf ing in n h gnd aa a saly lagehie gbs fnd in th si l Of t many saas hdung beetls tumgs a tstanding Ths at es hld sad b th Egypians Th adlts fma s f dng and l thm ab g iing t m pssn



of beig dsrious workers Eggs are la the bal

wih is buried The ferois kig rhioers beeesa heir relais he x bees are he largest of thesarabs Al are harmess Sme ar 2 ihes g muhlarger tropia forms our Maes hae mre prmietors ha females The arae are fud i roed wodor rih soi l . C ol leors priz the urius adu ls



12

HON BTL

1 . 4 "

STAG AND HORN BEETLES l o scbs lg sgs so n bcus ug nbso s sbl nts o sgs oups o s uc l g gubs

oun n ot ooo coon n o ns Honb l n us on

oun n lg coons n buosn o logs Ts btls knos b ubbng ngcos olgs uls lss.



IEHOD PIOU 6

DARKLING AND PRIO NUS BEETLES Darklig beetlearae are he mealworms" used for feedig birds adoher smal l pe They fee o ored gr ai a d he e ar eserious pess There are a a rge u ber of l osey re lated

speies The arae of prio us eetes are kow as roudheaded borers These aak roos of fruit ad oramearees grape ad oher pants Theaeae with oerappig plaessl ighty loger i he male ideifythe prious beeles

1



1

FAT-HEAE A OR ORER arvaof ma bs bore t wood, but hadd bs(Bupd ke xampe abv, ad h s(abids, rprsd by h us ad dr bs

ad e pe sawyr, are vus ss rhd, shadad st rs ar f h s s 00sps ths uy d msy jus ah he bark,wheas hod brs vr 1000 sps usuayha far h uk Th av us adu s fud d.



COON O E 03

WEEVILS ae sma eees ih mohpas modedino a oacvng ea o sno. any ae impo-an pess o gan. he damage done y eevs is esimaed a ove $00000000 annay o yeas as he

cn o eev spead noh om exco anngs ofhe dange en nheeded. he pm cco damagespeach chey an pm ees. eevis ae od iacons and a he edbe ns. he ganay eevson n gan ae poc h a e cyce o ony ees Some ee on he oos ohes on soed gan.



PIGEONHORTAI L 1 9

ORNTAS AN SAFES, osey reae eog e ees a asps u ak e osre aome oras ay er eggs o ea or yg reeshe arva are orers hh pupae heir eep u

es Mos say arvae fee o eavs oras arehoss to t ihemo es (ex page) hi paraszhe arvae e fema heumoy a oae a hora urro uer severa hes of oo a epos her eggs here



ICEUMON F

HNEUMN LE, of w here are over 3Amerca speces ay a mpora roe coro gmay harmfu ses They re more osey reed owasps ha o es Ther arvae are arases of aer-llars ad of arvae of beees es ad oher ess Theemal e h eumo y wh hr sal ly log ovosoraras aeo ad s somemesfeared by hose who do o kowshe s harmless Ths ovosor caer sevel hes of woo.



\

1

CARPETER ATS Of e 200 pee f n

n e n d n ete n t e tned en nd nu ake An te t fa f ne, enped n pon t un et Cpente ant nd e at fr n f e eup f n e ud ne d u ded

d nd t tr of budn ee h md ndee dage f aed t pead Cpentean s ar found the world ovr in

�

�

tmprate regions. The workers,c r nfe fee en e e n



9

FE A COREL ANT he re as of theSouheas have een kown to ak aby rds and sngthem to deah oreld ats re less feroos nd moreeresg These ants eat the swee sereton of ornroo ahds Ahds lay eggs n the at urows Whenthese hah in srng th ans lae he aphds on knotweed roots l l the orn s lanted d growng hen th

as rasfer h hds to he or roos ths surng osant food sly oreld ans are wdely dstrted nd ery aund Lu saes _

f�

tha hey are the mos abndant of·

-

-

c.

J

'

a l l our nsets, fat whh mkeo r nf

l d

i

thes smll ants moant



1

HUEHL ANT aras ats are small bt meru s Tey are cmm iaders f hmes feedig ay sweet fdstus Te Argetie at atie t thatctry ad Brazi was rst d New Orleas 81 ad has sie beme a seris seld adar de est te Sut Tey ma i ade ests f teats ad ies bees Frtatel te a semtraad are limited ter memet rtward Tese atsrtect aids t secre te eydew tey rdce.e black ats are fd tds mre ta wti.



4

_ ISECT GLLS are no wel ndersood. Small, wasple ses Cypds, es, and ohers lay eggs n plaue Eah e ees a pe pa A egg hah ,he pa ssues arod he larae beg o swel l , orm

g a haaers gall The arae feed on plat ead pupae he gal The adu emerges by burrowhough he sd e So me gal s ae la ge ad woody, somesof, some knobby ad spiy Beskown gall are heoa appe ad he ga ommo y ee o oses, b akberry ad godeo



MASON WASP 0 .

M WA Seeal families of wasps are epreseed amo hose buildi hei ess wih mud. Poerwasps are soiary eah buidi a aseshaped es omud o plas. These wasps prey o aepillars ad

beele laae. os so wass e sae al ase poers es i burows i he soil bu he speiesil usraed makes a lay es o a brah. Beskowmud wasps are he mud daubers whih make lare esso wa l ls i ais o desered bui i s. The emal e bu il she es o may mud ells. I eah she paes seeral



paralyzed pder or oter et before e lay eegg ad eal e ell . Te blue mud dauber ue netmade by te ommo mud dauber Te female moente ell wall dig troug remove te otet ad

re l l te el l wt er own pider ad egg. Te ukoowap, amed after te European ukoo awat t opportuit an lay it egg in e e of a mu aubewile te laer o earig for a vitim Te ukoowap larvae feed o et rovded for te youg muddauber

4



-

VLVET ATS Velvet ats ae s amed bease tei g less females ae atl ike. Te are parasites f waspsad bees espeiall f te slitar speies Te emaleasp a eall stig bt te males d t Te female

rals dw te brr ad klls the we wit a pw-efl sig. e te las e eg te we's larvawh e w larvae late eat. Teslitar teadwaist wasp l lstated belw s e f seveal dsaastied b elet ts



CICAA KILLER h arg otar a dg a brrow a foot or o d I d asage th fma toraut aas whih he ha arayzed by stgg hheay aa ar draggd p a tre by th k r t he a get ogh attu to _y bak o her brro

he he eg hae e aa fee o the heessiaa a wee i u gowa pupaes i a oose ooo temeges the o owi u e ompeig is e ye



46

AR WASS are te oon wass everone learnsto know sooner or l ater y pa iu experene. The oon paer was u s a un roete a er nest out o

woo it ews u The nest is hung uer eaves or nbarns or n oter seltere sies No food s lae these ness. Aer te eggs hath the oung are fed ailti hey pupae The aaed or witefae hornetus an oval overe es soe nests an aooate over 1 0000 hores neri l ized eggs evelo ntoroes or aes ertilize es grow nto workers orquees deenng on te ood eaten. Queens ake sal lbroo nests in early srng. Yelow akets wi arelosely relate ui ness o varying sze soe unergroun soe ien rok wals or nder logs. ney elouse nest is oen se.



1

08



BUMLEEE 0

BES ae dsngshed om wasps n a nmber o mnorways. Ther egs hae poen baskes" o s has andhe body s hary aso. Bumbeees are arge han mosohers er eongaed mouhpars enabe hem o po-

lnae red loe whh no her be a d. ess emade ndergrond by fer e ema es eens) hchsure he wne. e coony consss o a queen wokers and drones. Swea bees sma and r l l any coorednes n he ground Tey are araced o perspraon;hence he r name. eafng bees are arger and brg



LAF-CUTTING B 04

ly colord also Their ess, made udergroud, ar l iedad diidd wih leaes which h bes ha ct i oalsor circls from roses ad oher plas Th hoyb isprobably h bs kow of all iscs Hoy has bobaid from wild ad from kept colois far back io

hsory I makig hoey, bes poll ia frui res ador plas A ormal coloy of a qu, wrkrs, addros may coai u p o 5 bees Periodical ly beesswarm, ad h od q uee goes o o foud a ew coloy,leaig a you quee behid

9



15

STS O COT ND COTING he apbele ae losely eaed o lade beeles ad ohe pees hih deoy speies i msem Thea all kid of aimal ae hiig o gs woole leahe ad hai. he avae whih do he daag

a be oolled by hemial epeles poisos aays Adl lohe mohs do o ham Feale layhie oal egg o lohig eahe e These hah iabou a eek io avae hih ay feed fo a yea o ized possessio befoe hey ppae.



ESTS OF NILS are may ad ause severe losses.og eas sread from dogs o eole ad may someareas arry lague. They also fes oher domes amals. Coro by dusg. Oher spees are smlar. Thesheep a sees of y feeds by sug blood. The

eggs hah he body of he female ad he larvaedevelop o maury before beg deposed. Corol saheved by hearg ad dpg he shee The squalddu lou se s yal of brd l e (o relaed o sees oage 32 whh l ve o wld ad domes brds

1 5 1



52

OER COO ESS

I secs tha do s harm have bee freey scaered throghte ages of hs book Sme have said hat these sixegged creares are ma s wors eem ies Here are morewe shd kow t be frewared ad so frear med .SILVERFISH The ost prmive nsect, yet s l ca pable

of tin starch rom book bindigs, wl lp pe, nd

c othng. Common doos, espec l ly n rm paces.

AERICA O IC No sect his: note its 4 aisof egs. Commo eough ad often brought doos aftea wa lk thrgh eds ad wods. C heck clthig ad bodymmedaey. If aached t ski remve by tochg ickh alchol cks may rasmit sers vrs dseases.

BEB his atbodied hoseold est once estabished may sread rady May have 3 or 4 geeraionsaally. Femae ays whte eggs n cracks; eggs hatch ina week or so. Desroy wth DD o oher sray.LARER BEETLE Dmeses hese sma l beets ca eos ss herv food s stored. h ctve ha ylavae fed on al nds of meat leater and ohr anma l odcs or or more geeratis are rodced an na y. Wdl y disred n h e od orld and th ne

HOUSE FY hs s he most comon and most dspised f al he es. Pbic healh camaigs have odestroyed it Asscated wt garbage ad th es careprodce a geeratio a oth wen teperatres arefavorale Screeig sprayig wih idae residaspray swtg ad sataio ae recommeded

GERAN COCKROC o coon naiv o o has bcome widey established i cities ie thei lvsh t s o ivos d damages books. I ts resecedos not necssar y ndicate ucea l iness, and it s not arovd car of dsease k es. L nda sdal ynd Chlodan ar comeded fo cono of oche.



154F M F

Te std o nsecs equies efl lnce of t

o n len snd nd t o c len fooes ooks d se exibs eect es of esec nd expeience of expet ollecions nd eldstdies st e spemented o ed

SES ofen ave sstetic bitt nd locl exibits Ctos e gld to el o dentif specens

Ceck colleges nd nivesities s ell s lge cind ste ses ocal inqiies e ls es

BOOKS TO REA Te US De of gclte ndm se depatments plis letins on nsects ofeconomic impotance te to S of Doentsasingon 25, DC fo ice lis of insect lletins

ke locl inqui fo stae pblcions Soe genelooks re lised below T te st efoe tning tooe deied voles and ecncl eotsComstock, J. H., AN INTODUTON TO ENTOMOLOGY, Comstoc Publhing

Co, Ihaca, ew ork, 194 A technal colleg text bu a good ytem·c ud. A ook for the suden who wns to "gt hs tth" nto hubjec.

Jqus, H. E. , Ho To KNoW T INSTS, . C. Brown Co., ubuquow, 1 4 1 An usrad gude to the mor common oders o insects,wh hepful hns on makng coctons. A goo boo o h serousmur.

Klo, A. B. , A FLD uD TO T BL, Houghton iff n Co., Boton,1 9 1 Butrf are such w-known an aracve group o insctshat oo on hem bongs n genr l. h s h bst oerngude; accurte, and wh coo l lustraions.

ut1, Frank F Boo O I�STS P. utnam's on, w ork, 93hs ol stn-b wil a i in th ieniiaton bo ,4 spcis.Aout ha f r uratd.

wn, Rph, NT uD, ouda n Co. or, 48 Anxce lnt , f ny l usrad ook that dcres h odrs n prncipfam l es of n c.

rquhar, F. A, INODUNG NST, Hnry Holt n Co., ew ok,949 A ound fr refrnce smpe an nontchncal bu ncudnga comon orders and fmls. as syto-u kys s n to entfcton. Ampe lckand-whte l usrton.



C I T I IC N S

evy ye dces age whee seces e illusaed scecames he geus me s s, the the speces f he geus me s abbevaed s he sme as he geus me ecedg he abbevao

sp dicaes ha he descpo pples o moe ha oe species

1 7 Dpheme femot 4 1 Cttny·cushon: lcey1 8 Bush: cudde sp pucs

Tue: Petephyl Mey ug: Pseudcccus spcmelfo Oysteshe: Lepidsphes

19 Mccentum sp ulm

2 Moe: ot 42 Hequn : Mugnt

exdct histionc

Cme: Ceuthophus spEuschistus: Euschstus sp

21 Anbus simpex 43 heldbug: ugste

22 Achet ssimi ls tent

23 Peplnet mecnGeen tinkbug: Acstenum

he24 tgmmnts cln 44 Ans tsts2 5 Ptenode snensis 45 m: ygeus km26 Amecn: chstocec ge: ncpe tus fstus

mecn 46 Phymt pensynicClin: Dssoste cn 47 Ch inch: i ssus leucopteus

27 ubbe: Bchystol mgn Tnished Pnt: LygusMgtoy: Me lnopus ineis

mexicnus 48 Wte tmn: Cx sp28 Menop us femuubum Bckswimme: Ntnect sp29 Dempte 49 Wte tide: Ges sp30 sopte Gint Wte: Lethceus32 Hed: Pedcu us h umnus mecnus

humnus 50 nx juniusShotnosed: Hmtpnus 5 1 enspot: Li be u puche

euystenus ckwng: Cpteyx

b: hthus pubs Bdy: Pedcu u s h umnus 52 Myy : Ephe med

cops tey: Pecpte

33 Cees bubus 53 Godeneye: Chysp

34 Redbnded: Gphceph ut

cccne Bwn: Hemebus sp

Ltel: Cuen cstis 54 Cydus cnutus

35 Pott: Empsc fbe 55 Myeionide

3-bnded: Eythoneu 6 Pnp sp

tcnct 57 Thpte

Rose: Typhlocyb ose60 Dnus pexppus

3 6 Mgcc septndecm6 1 imentis chippus62 ed: ments themis

37 Tibcen sp edsptted: styx38 Phlenus sp 63 ecis ceni39 Aphide 64 Get pged: peye40 n Jse: Aspdotus cybee

peniciosus edw: loi tddTepn: eum ee: uie ud

nigfsctum eg: pei idi



1

6

CIENIFI AME (coinued l65 Gulf: Agraul va l lae. 83 Ae: Etgmee aea.

lverbrdered: Bl ra Baded Woolba Iama. iabella.

egal: peera dla. 8 rtpare q u quemaulata.66 peera bele. 5 eeri lieata.67 heerpt: Euphdra p. 6 ia walr.

Batmre: E. phat. 87 Hylphra erpa68 Quet Mar: lga 88 a lama prmethea.

iterrgati . 8 Atheraea plphemu.mm: . ma. 0 Autmeri .

69 Nmpha li atpa. Atia lu a70 Ame. Pa ted Lad: Vea 2 Ultra: tala ultia.

vrgeis. luded Lout: EupatheoRed Admiral: V. atalata. ubi l i .

7 Vaea ardu 93 Eae imperial.72 Eed Brw: Lethe eude. 4 Erwrm: Helth

earl Ee: L. prtlada umbru.7 mm Wd Nmph: Mii Eu. Brer Pruta blali.

a lpe. 9

Heeramp leuotgma.Litle Wd aty: Euptha 6 rthetria di par.

me a. 97 all Webwrm: phatra74 Gra Ha irstrea trm uea.

m lus. Tet: Malaooma p.Purph .: Laea hellde. 98 Alphl a pmetara.Amea: L. amaa. 9 aidea exita.

Brze: L. tho. 00 apapa pmella.75 Eate-ta led: Evr 0 Thyrdptrxmta. ephemeaefrm.

Mare: Leptte mau. 02 Aphele: Aphele p.pg: Lyaeps aglu. Aede: Aede p.Weter Pgmy: Brephdium 03 ulex p.

ex l . 04 Tipuldae.6 eri rapae. 0 ber: A lid e.77 mm: la phi Ide. eer: hryp p.

Alalfa: . euheme. Mrh: Bbidae.

78 pebuh: apl trlu. Bl Hre: Tabau atratu.Paraus: arassu 06 Bluebttle: alliphra p.mitheus. Grebttle: hea p.

Gt: apl rphte. 07 yphid : rphdae.79 Zera: apl marel lu . Tahi d: Tah dae.

Bla: P. ateru. Bee: Bmblu majr.Tige: P. g lauu. 08 phla melaogate.

81 piebuh: Papl trlu. 0 x-ptte: delaZbra: P. marellu. exguttata.eve: P. phler. uple: . purpurea

Bla: . aterus. 0 Mratlu ubpu.Gat: P. rephte. pl l japa.Tger: P. g lauu. 2 rri : l pha ameraa.

82 Art: artrephalu Bla r: . ama.palaem. 3 Ae. Burg: Nerphru

lver-sptted: Epargreu amerau.larus. Hr Burg: N. tmetou.

lud Wg: Thrb Hr Rv: rphl uathlls. vllou



CIENIFIC NME lcontnued 4 Aas ocas 5 Caasoma scraor ampyridae 8 Ninespoed: Coccne a

novemnoaaConvergen: Hippodamia

conergens 9 Two-spoed: Adaia

bipncaafeen-spoed: Anais

qindecmpncaa 2 Epiahna varivesis22 Coo Poao: epinoarsa

eceminarped Bser: Epicaa

viaa 2 weve-spoed: Diabroica

ndecimpncaaripe: Acaymma vaa

25 Common: Crocers asparagpoed: C

dodecimpncaa2 Whir ig ig: yrindae

Waer cavengr: Hydrophisrangars

2 Dyscs sp2 Phyophaga sp29 Coins nida Dng: Phanas vindex

Rhnocros: Xyrycssayrs

Tmbebgs: Canhon aevs 3 nicorn: Dynases iys

Ox: raes anans2 Horn: Passas corns

ag: Psedocanscapreos Darking: Eeoes sp

Meaworm: Tenebro moiorTie-horned: Prons

mbricornis34 ocs: Megacyene robniae

Ede r: Desmocers pa iasa-h&add: Bpress rpsPine awyer: Monochams sp

3 5 Coon Bo : AnhonomsgrandisPm: Cnoraches

nenpharN: Baanins spBi bg: phnophors sp

3 Tremex cb Megar hyssa ara Camponos h rcans

1 39 Fire: Solenopss gemnata.Cornfeld: Lasus n iger.

1 40 ittle B lack: Monomorium minimum.

Pharaoh 's: M. pharaons. Argentine : l rdomyrmex

hmiis 4 Oak Appe: Amphiboi ps sp

E l lp tical Goldenr : Gnori-moshema gal laesolidaginis.

odenrod: Ersasoidagins

Backberry: Disrophs sp42 Poer- : Emenes fraerns

Mason: Ancisrocersbrnemacas

4 Md Daber: Scephroncaemenarm

Cckoo: C hryss spBe Md: C ha ybon

caifnicm44 Veve An: Dasyma sp

Cow Kier: D occidenasoary Wasp: Ammopha

areonoa45 phcis specioss4 Poi ses annr is47 Badfaced: Vspa macaa

Yeow Jacke: V sp48 Bmbbee: Bombs sp

wea Bee: Haics sp4 eaf-cing: Megach sp

Honeybee: Aps meferaower: Agochor sp

50 Carpe: Anhrns

scropharaBck Carpe: Aagnspices

Cohes: Tnea peona 5 Dog e a: Cenocepha des

canisheep Tck: Mophags

ovinsDck os: ipers

sqaids

5 versh: epismasaccharinAmer Dog Tck: Dermacenor

ariabi isBedbg: Cimex carisarder: Dermeses ardarsHose y: Msca domesicaer Cockroach: Baa

ermanca



158

INDEX

Asterisks (*) denoe pges o which llusrations pper.

Acrea oth, 83 Bl lbg 13 Ccada ller, 14

Aedes sqo, 1 Blakberr kn gal, Ccadas 3637Alanths slk oth 141 Clk beetles, 1 1 4

86 Blak carpet beetl, Clothes oth 10Alfalfa btter •n 15 Cloded lcst nderAbh bg, 46 Blak arron beetle ng oth, 9Aercan brng 1 1 2 Clod ng skpper,

beele, 1 13 Blak 1 0 82Aeran cokroah, Black sallta l, *79, Cockroache, *3,

*3 80 *81 . 15*153Ameran opper 74 B lakng dame l, Cooon, 9Ameran dg tk, 1 Codlng oth 1

152-153 Bluebottle *106 Colletng, 1-16Aerian grashopper, Blu e btteres 7-*7 C lrado potato beetle

26 lue d dauber, * 1 43 1 2 1 2Amerian panted lad Bd lue *3 Comma, 68

*7071 Boks referene, 1 4 Cmmn aparagsAngle ngs 68-*69 rer, *94 *134 betle 124*1Anglar-nged Brnze cpper, *74 Como mud dauber

katdd 19 Brn lewing, *53 142*13

Annual cada, *37Brwnt l mth, 96 Common u lphr, 77

Anphele oqito, Bkee btter, 63 Commn od nmph,* 1 Bul treehpper *33 *73

tennae *58 Bgs, *4249, *128; Convergent ldybrdt lons *55 ee e beet le 1 18Ant, 138-*140; ee e Cpper butteres, *74

so speifc naes Bumblebee, * 1 48 Corn borer, *94pidlo, 53 Buh katydid Cor earr, 94pd, *39 Btterie •58_82

Coreld ants, *139quat bug *8-*49 ee o e

Cottn bll weevl

rtic kpper, 82 *13rgentine ant *14 Cabbage butter, *76 Cttn-uhn saleAparagus beet les, Caddf ie, *57 *41

12-125 Cmel riket, *2 C kl ler ap * 1 44

Bakimmer 89Bagrm *101Bald-fed hornet

146-*147 Baltmre, 67dd prple *2

Bnded wllybear*83

Bean beetle 120-*121Bedbg, 152-*153Bee , * 1 07Bees *148-*19Beetle, *109*13

*15 *152-*13ee o m

Cankerwrm 98 Crab le, *32

Carolna grahpper Crae 14

*26 Crkets, *-2

Carolna anti, Croton bg 3 1

*242 Cuko wap, *143

Carpenter ant *138

Carpe beetle *1Carron beetle, 112Caterpl lar hutr * 1 1 5Caterpillar 59 *64-

66 *81Ca ve criket 2Ceropa th, *87Cekerpos *67Chnch bug *11, *4

Cuber beetles,

*123 124Clex mquto 1 03

Damee, 5*Darklng beetle *133Darnng needle, *0Deer 1Divig beetle *127Dbn *4Dog ea, 11



INDX ontnd

Ddlebg, *109 Glf frtl lar, *65 Lc , *13Dragne, 5- •5 1 Gypy mth, *96 Lct, 26Drne , 107

Hartrea, *74Lngh , 3

Dc e, * 151 Lbe rhppe,Dng beetle, * 1 - 3 1 Hry bryn eetle, *2

* 1 3 Ln h, *Eag, * 2 9 1 3 Hary rve tle, * 1 3

Eatern aled l e, *75 Harleqn bg, *42- Mante, :E lder brer, *1 Harvety, 36 Mrch , 15

Echt, *2 Head le, *32 Marn le, *5

Eyed rn bttey, Hellgrammte, *54 Man ap, *l42

*72 Hneybee, *19 May beel, 2 *1 28,

Eed elte,* 1 1 Hrn beetle, *132 1

Hrnet, 146-*17 Mae, • 52a ll canerrm, *98 Hrntil, *136 Mead frtlla, *

eld crce, · *22 Hre y, blac, *105 Mealrm ele, *133

fteen-ptted lad- He y, * 1 1 1 5 -* 1 53 Mealy g, *4

brd eele, * 1 9 Hehld ant, *1 Meln phd, *39

Fgeater, 19 Hehld pet, *10 Metamorph, 1

ir ant, *19 *10 152-*15 Mexcan el,

ree, * 1 1 6 - * 1 1 7 He mqt, 10- 1 2 * 1 2

Flt-headed brer, *103 Mgrat grhp,

*3 Ichnemn y, 136 *2lea, dg, * 151 *137 Med g, *5Fle, * 1 1 * 1 - * 1 08 Imperal mh, *93 Mle crce, *2

*17 *151-*153 Inect gal l, *1 Mnch btter, *6

Fle bee, *1 Inect: Mrmn crce, * 21

Fle y, 17 cllecting, - 1 6 Mqte, * 1 2 - * 1

Ftllare, *64-*65 66 cntrl, 9 1 2 1 5 Mth, *82*11Frghper, 8 develpmen f, * 1 1 chaactertc f,Fr , *108 faml tree, * 1 5-59

part f; * 6 * 12- * 13 Mntn ter, 8

Gall, nec, *141 reltive f, *7 Mrning cla, 6 *69Grden eetle, 1 1 9 l mth, *9 Md ap, *142-*143120-125 I ael mth, *8 Mem, 54

German ccrach, 23152-*13 Jaanee beetle, * 1 1 1 Ne-pted ladyrd

ant al ltal, *8 e g, *128 eel, * 1 1 8

80 *8f Katydd, * 1 - * 1 9Nt eevl, *35

Giant aterbg, *9 Nymph, *72*7

Glm, 1 1 6 - 1 1 7 acewg, *53 Oa appl gall , *Glden-eye laceing, dybird beete, Ox beetl, * 1 3 1

*5 * 1 1 - * 1 1 9 1 Oyterhel l cale, *41Gldenrd gall, *11 Lrder beetle, 1 5-Granary eevl, 1 5 * 1 Pnted lad, -*Grahper, *6-*28 Lateal leahpper, *3 Pae ap, *46Gra hartre, *4 Leafcng be, 18- Parn, *78 8Great pngled frtil- *19 Pechtre r, *99

lr, *6 *66 Leafhpper, *3-*35 Pearly e er,Greenbttl , *106 Lice, * *151 *72-73Geen drner, *. Lttle lac an, *10 Perdcal ccda, *36Green Jne eetle, *129 Lttle wd atr, *73 3



A GO LD E N NATU R E G U I D E

RBR S Ph oi hoiyo i io formly Profoof Euaio U ivriy of I l l ioi; i w l l -

ow i rofioal il o a wii l i. i ohor of h GolN Gi Birds, Flowers, Insect Stas,Tees, Reptile and Amphibians, Maals,Seaores, Fishes, Weather, Rocks and

Minerals

CARNC COTTAM h. is assisa iror of h S. h a n Will if Sri Aaioal ahoriy o willif h ha o hiri arl 200 pbl iaios

AS GORN R h hiii i Am i m of N lioy h Nio l Ao Soiy h Gol N i i h i l l

a aal, irds, Insects, Reptiles andAhibans ars shes.



H E G O D E R E G E Sare an intoducton to he wold of nature, preseningthose thns whch ae most common n mos eailyseen. Each ude has been wtten by an outstandnauthoty on scence educaton-D. Hebert Zim,Unversty of Ilnoisn cooeraton wt a noted

secialst Identcaton s mde easy by over fu·colo ntns in ech book These ae enderedmostly fom lfe by an outstndn tst and havebeen cece, corected, nd echecked y specaists

BIDS

•FLOWES

INSECTS

•TEES

•SESHOES

STS

•EPTES D MPHIBNS

WETHER • MMMLS • FISHESROCKS ND MNES

P BY W

insects - a golden nature guide

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