Rice Insects

Taxonomy and Morphology: Personal Details of Some Old

and New Foes

Dr. Chris Carlton, Louisiana State Arthropod MuseumLSU AgCenter, Dept of Entomology

9 to 9:45 am

Insects that we will deal Insects that we will deal withwith

Beetles-rice water weevils, rice levee Beetles-rice water weevils, rice levee billbug, colaspis leaf beetles, lady billbug, colaspis leaf beetles, lady beetlesbeetles

True bugs-stink bugs, aphidsTrue bugs-stink bugs, aphids Moths-borer complexMoths-borer complex Flies-leafminersFlies-leafminers Mites-panicle rice miteMites-panicle rice mite

Beetles (order Coleoptera): Beetles (order Coleoptera): adultsadults

http://quasimodo.versailles.inra.fr/…/famtot.htm

www.zin.ru/.../Coleoptera/ images/

M. Ferro

www.zin.ru/.../Coleoptera/ images/

www.zin.ru/.../Coleoptera/ images/ www.zin.ru/.../Coleoptera/ images/

Beetles (order Coleoptera): Beetles (order Coleoptera): adultsadults

Elytra completely covering flight wings

Elytra partially exposing flight wings

Thorax

Abdomen

Elytra

Head

Beetles of the World 1. Lawrence et al. 1999. Copyright CSIRO 1999.

Beetles (order Coleoptera): Beetles (order Coleoptera): larvaelarvae

Head

Thorax

AbdomenHead

Thorax

Abdomen

Rice water weevils: family Rice water weevils: family CurculionidaeCurculionidae

http://www.padil.gov.au/pbt/files/uall/38RWW.jpg

http://www.aragriculture.org/images/insects/rice/ricewaterweevillarva.jpgAdult

Larva

Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus KuschelLissorhoptrus simplex (Say) + 17 others in Central and South America

How to distinguish How to distinguish L. oryzophilusL. oryzophilus and and L. simplexL. simplex

Have a look at this Have a look at this part of the hind leg part of the hind leg (metatibia).(metatibia).

L. oryzophilusL. oryzophilus L. simplexL. simplex

What do rice water weevil larvae use to What do rice water weevil larvae use to inflict feeding damage on rice?inflict feeding damage on rice?

Like a combination of Like a combination of pointed, cutting, and pointed, cutting, and

gouging chisels.gouging chisels.

MandiblesMandibles

Larval head, bottom view.Larval head, bottom view.

Rice water weevils cannot breath water, but Rice water weevils cannot breath water, but live under it. How do they breath?live under it. How do they breath?

Like a can opener + scuba gear, sorta.Like a can opener + scuba gear, sorta.

Larval spiracle used to access air pockets inside Larval spiracle used to access air pockets inside stem.stem.

Rice levee billbug: family Rice levee billbug: family CurculionidaeCurculionidae

Sphenophorus Sphenophorus spp. At spp. At least nine species least nine species occur in Louisiana. occur in Louisiana. Species identification is Species identification is important.important.

ColaspisColaspis leaf beetles: family leaf beetles: family ChrysomelidaeChrysomelidae

Adult

Larva

Their respective male sex organs (aedeagus).Their respective male sex organs (aedeagus).

Colaspis louisianae Colaspis louisianae BlakeBlakeColaspis brunnea Colaspis brunnea (F.)(F.)

DistinguishingDistinguishingColaspisColaspis species species

ColaspisColaspis feeding damage in Louisiana feeding damage in Louisiana rice seems to mainly be caused by rice seems to mainly be caused by C. C.

louisianaelouisianae

And now for some good news, lady beetles:And now for some good news, lady beetles:family Coccinellidaefamily Coccinellidae

What people usually think of…What people usually think of…

……but a lot of lady beetles are quite but a lot of lady beetles are quite small and drab in appearancesmall and drab in appearance

Diomus terminatus Diomus terminatus (Say)(Say)

……and are important and are important as natural control as natural control agents of aphids.agents of aphids.

What is this Diomus What is this Diomus larva doing to larva doing to consume the aphid?consume the aphid?

Photo series, M. Ferro and W. AkbarPhoto series, M. Ferro and W. Akbar

MandibleMandible

+ +

Piercing body wall, injecting digestive Piercing body wall, injecting digestive fluids, sucking down liquified fluids, sucking down liquified

contents…contents…

Like a combination of tongs, a syringe, Like a combination of tongs, a syringe, and a shop vac.and a shop vac.

True bugs (order Hemiptera)True bugs (order Hemiptera)

Head

Thorax

Abdomen

True bugsTrue bugs

Beak

Immatures similar to Immatures similar to adults, only lacking adults, only lacking

wings.wings.

Rice stink bug: family Rice stink bug: family PentatomidaePentatomidae

Oebalus pugnaxOebalus pugnax (F.) (F.)

Rice stink bug beakRice stink bug beak

A simple straw?A simple straw?

Dissection Dissection reveals a reveals a more more complex complex apparatus. apparatus. The beak The beak comprises six comprises six individual individual components.components.

Labrum=upper lipLabrum=upper lipMand. stylets=catheterMand. stylets=catheter

Max. stylets=strawMax. stylets=strawLabium=sheathLabium=sheath

Southern green stink bug: Southern green stink bug: family Pentatomidae family Pentatomidae

http://insects.tamu.edu/images/insects/color/sgstink1.jpg

Nezara viridula Nezara viridula (L.)(L.)AdultAdult

Immature (nymph)Immature (nymph)

http://ipm.ncsu….Southern_green_stink_bug_nymph2.jpg

Compare with: green stink bug, Compare with: green stink bug, Acrosternum hilareAcrosternum hilare (Say) (Say)

http://www.ent.iastate.edu/.../greenstinkbug.html

Aphids: family AphidaeAphids: family Aphidae

Bird cherry-oat aphid, Bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padiRhopalosiphum padi L.L.

Greenbug, Greenbug, Schizaphis graminumSchizaphis graminum Rondani Rondani

http://

extension.entm.purdue.edu/pestcrop/2007/issue10/ http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3159/2900753778_69b01dcb30.jpg

Identifying aphids requires microscope Identifying aphids requires microscope slidemounts of WINGED aphidsslidemounts of WINGED aphids

Detail showing Detail showing sensory structures sensory structures on antenna used in on antenna used in

identificationidentificationSlide mounted greenbug Slide mounted greenbug

collected in 1969collected in 1969

Moths, butterflies, and Moths, butterflies, and skippers (order Lepidopteraskippers (order Lepidoptera))

www.images.on.ca/.../ Zebra_Swallowtail.jpgwww.floridata.com/.../ cloudless_sulphur.jpg

www.ybis.at/natur/ …Pa163070.jpgwww.fcps.k12.va.us/.. /ppolblue.jpg

www.leps.it/indexjs.htm?.../ThymeSylve.htm

www.fcps.k12.va.us/. ../ppolblue.jpg

Lepidoptera charactersLepidoptera characters

http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/butterfly-proboscis.jpg

http://www.greenville.k12.ny.us/.../

cateranat.htm

Caterpiller feedingCaterpiller feeding

Like pinking shears.Like pinking shears.MandiblesMandibles Head, rear view. Head, rear view.

The borer complexThe borer complex

Mexican rice borer: Mexican rice borer: Euroma lofteni Euroma lofteni (Dyar)(Dyar)

Rice stalk borer: Rice stalk borer: Chilo plejadellus Chilo plejadellus ZinckenZincken

Sugarcane borer: Sugarcane borer: Diatraea saccharalisDiatraea saccharalis (F.)(F.)

European corn borer: European corn borer: Ostrinia nubilalisOstrinia nubilalis (Hübner)(Hübner)

http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/.../armyworm.html http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu/…Crambid%201a.jpg

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/

File:Adult_sugarca...

Mexican ricer borerMexican ricer borer

Rice stalk borerRice stalk borer

Sugarcane borerSugarcane borer

European corn borerEuropean corn borer

Comparing personal details of sugarcane Comparing personal details of sugarcane borer and Mexican rice borer…male borer and Mexican rice borer…male

genitalia. genitalia.

Mexican ricer borerMexican ricer borer Sugarcane borerSugarcane borer

Slide mounted male genitalia of Mexican ricer borerSlide mounted male genitalia of Mexican ricer borer

11

2

2

2

1

Reiss, 1981

What about the worms?What about the worms?

rice stalk borerrice stalk borer Sugarcane borerSugarcane borer

Often, live specimens are easier to Often, live specimens are easier to identify than preserved.identify than preserved.

From Stehr’s ImmatureInsects

European corn borerEuropean corn borer Mexican rice borerMexican rice borer

Worms, cont.Worms, cont.

Fall armyworm Fall armyworm

entweb.clemson.edu/.../pages/EuroCornBorer.htm

True flies, mosquitos, True flies, mosquitos, midges (order Diptera)midges (order Diptera)

www.sfu.ca/~fankbone/ biol/diptera.jpg

http://animals.howstuffworks.com/.../printable

Typical fly adultTypical fly adult

Typical fly larva, Typical fly larva, maggotmaggot

http://www.fishing-hotspot.co.uk/fishing-with-maggots/

Mosquito larva, Mosquito larva, also a kind of flyalso a kind of fly

Head

Thorax

Abdomen

South American rice miner: family South American rice miner: family EphydridaeEphydridae

Hydrellia wirthiHydrellia wirthi Korytkowski Korytkowski

AdultAdult

Larva with damageLarva with damage

EggEgg

Like these swan-necked Like these swan-necked mortise chisels, sorta.mortise chisels, sorta.

Mites (Acarina): very different Mites (Acarina): very different from insectsfrom insects

•8 legs, not 68 legs, not 6•Body not divided into Body not divided into head, thorax, and head, thorax, and abdomenabdomen•Mouthparts Mouthparts completely different…completely different…chelicerate no chelicerate no mandiblesmandibles•More closely related More closely related to spiders, ticks and to spiders, ticks and scorpionsscorpionshttp://bugsinmybed.com/mite-

biology.php

Rice panicle mite: Rice panicle mite: family family

TarsonemidaeTarsonemidae

SteneotarsonemuSteneotarsonemus spinkis spinki Smiley Smiley

mitesmites

MaleMale

FemaleFemale

http://keys.lucidcentral.org/.../Mite_Glossary.htm

Drill + syringe on a Drill + syringe on a minute (cellular) minute (cellular) levellevel

J. Saichukmites

Brown discoloration of sheath

www.panoramio.com/photo/

1057758

Taxonomic services: how you can Taxonomic services: how you can help us help youhelp us help you

Identification and classification: the Identification and classification: the FIRST step in dealing with pest FIRST step in dealing with pest problemsproblems

We rely of first responders to We rely of first responders to document new pests and pest document new pests and pest outbreaksoutbreaks

The first responder’s toolkitThe first responder’s toolkitYour local taxonomist, always Your local taxonomist, always cheerful and ready to helpcheerful and ready to help

The first responder’s toolkitThe first responder’s toolkit

Specimen vials/bottles/ziplocksSpecimen vials/bottles/ziplocks

Labeling Labeling suppliessupplies

Field Field notebooknotebook

PreservativePreservative: ethanol: ethanol

Knife Knife w/scissors, w/scissors, handlenshandlens

A digital camera is also quite A digital camera is also quite usefuluseful

• Images rapidly Images rapidly transmittabletransmittable• Live color shots often Live color shots often valuable clues in valuable clues in identificationidentification• Associated damage Associated damage easy to documenteasy to document• You don’t have to be You don’t have to be a great photographera great photographer

Accurate, precise data are essential, at Accurate, precise data are essential, at minimum…minimum…

• State and parish or countyState and parish or county• General location (e.g., General location (e.g., distance/direction to nearest town)distance/direction to nearest town)• Specific location, GIS coords. if Specific location, GIS coords. if available!available!• Crop and specific location on plant or Crop and specific location on plant or other habitat information (e.g., assoc. other habitat information (e.g., assoc. with damage)with damage)• Date of collectionDate of collection• Name of collectorName of collector

Take home messagesTake home messages Taxonomists and diagnosticians need your Taxonomists and diagnosticians need your

help in early detection of pests and pest help in early detection of pests and pest outbreaksoutbreaks

Specialized methods are often necessary Specialized methods are often necessary to correctly identify species and inform to correctly identify species and inform appropriate responsesappropriate responses

The mechanics of feeding and nature of The mechanics of feeding and nature of damage differ greatly among different damage differ greatly among different insect groups and even between stagesinsect groups and even between stages

Acknowledgments and SourcesAcknowledgments and Sources

Thanks to Natalie Hummel, staff and Thanks to Natalie Hummel, staff and students at the LSAM and the LSU students at the LSAM and the LSU AgCenter for paying the bills. AgCenter for paying the bills.

Images by CEC, AgCenter, or online Images by CEC, AgCenter, or online sources, as indicated in small print.sources, as indicated in small print.

Louisiana State Arthropod Museum Louisiana State Arthropod Museum http://entomology.lsu.edu/lsam/http://entomology.lsu.edu/lsam/

Identification service help page: Identification service help page: http://entomology.lsu.edu/lsam/public.htmhttp://entomology.lsu.edu/lsam/public.htm

Questions?Questions?