Insect AnatomyInsect Anatomy

ClassificationClassification

PhylumPhylum

ClassClass

OrderOrder

FamilyFamily

GenusGenus

SpeciesSpecies

ArthropodsArthropods

Spiders, ticks, lobster, centipedes, Spiders, ticks, lobster, centipedes, and insects, among othersand insects, among others

Insects are members of the Insects are members of the Phylum Phylum ArthropodaArthropoda (jointed foot) (jointed foot)

an estimated an estimated 1 Million species of 1 Million species of insects existinsects exist, of which <0.1% are , of which <0.1% are harmful to plantsharmful to plants

Why are Arthropods so successful? Why are Arthropods so successful?

AdaptabilityAdaptability

ArthropodsArthropods

AdaptabilityAdaptability

Specialized appendagesSpecialized appendages Mole crickets, Mole crickets, giant water bug, ,

preying mantis

ArthropodsArthropods

http://www.foxnews.com/science/2013/09/14/creature-with-interlocking-gears-on-legs/

ArthropodsArthropods

AdaptabilityAdaptability

Exoskeleton (Invertebrates)Exoskeleton (Invertebrates) Proportional strength ProtectionProtection

Body SectionsBody Sections

HEAD - THORAX - ABDOMENHEAD - THORAX - ABDOMEN

Class: ArachnidaClass: Arachnida

SpidersSpiders We’ll cover only one spider: mitesWe’ll cover only one spider: mites

Head/thorax (cephalothorax)Head/thorax (cephalothorax) Four pairs of legsFour pairs of legs

AbdomenAbdomen

ClassificationClassification

PhylumPhylum

Class: InsectaClass: InsectaOrderOrder

FamilyFamily

GenusGenus

SpeciesSpecies

Class: InsectaClass: Insecta

EXOSKELETONEXOSKELETON Solid outer skeletonSolid outer skeleton Accounts for shape and sizeAccounts for shape and size CuticleCuticle is outermost layer that is outermost layer that

conserves moistureconserves moisture

Class: InsectaClass: Insecta

EXOSKELETONEXOSKELETON

How does it grow?How does it grow? Molting: chemical reactions make it Molting: chemical reactions make it

flexible, it grows, then hardens again flexible, it grows, then hardens again ((schlerotization)schlerotization)

Each molting called Each molting called instarinstar ((Cicada hatching))

http://uncovercalifornia.com/content/21191-researchers-create-cybernetic-moth

HEADHEAD

AntennaeAntennae Sensory organsSensory organs

FoodFood

HEADHEAD

AntennaeAntennae Sensory organsSensory organs

Pheromones - communication chemicals Pheromones - communication chemicals secreted by insectssecreted by insects

HEADHEAD

Compound eyes (2)Compound eyes (2) Numerous faucets that each have a Numerous faucets that each have a

lens, each singly functionallens, each singly functional

HEADHEAD

Compound eyes (2)Compound eyes (2) Senses color, movement, and, to a Senses color, movement, and, to a

lesser extent, distancelesser extent, distance

HEADHEAD

Simple eyes, Simple eyes, OcelliOcelli (1 to 3) (1 to 3) Records daily changes in light Records daily changes in light

intensityintensity

HEADHEAD

Mouthparts: Mouthparts: ChewingChewing Mandibles Mandibles are are

often protectiveoften protective

HEADHEAD

Mouthparts: Mouthparts: ChewingChewing

MaxillaMaxilla like like appendagesappendages

HEADHEAD

Mouthparts Mouthparts Piercing suckingPiercing sucking

THORAXTHORAX

Mid-sectionMid-section Pro-, meso-, and meta-Pro-, meso-, and meta-

THORAXTHORAX

Each segment has a pair of legsEach segment has a pair of legs Front pair are often greatly modifiedFront pair are often greatly modified

THORAXTHORAX

Caterpillars have Caterpillars have prolegsprolegs on abdomen on abdomen Not true legsNot true legs

THORAXTHORAX

WingsWings Meso- and meta-Meso- and meta-

thorax sectionsthorax sections SloMoSloMo

THORAXTHORAX

Wings: BeetlesWings: Beetles Forewings hardened, Forewings hardened, elytraelytra Protection of hind wingsProtection of hind wings

THORAXTHORAX

Wings: GrasshopperWings: Grasshopper Forewings leatheryForewings leathery Hindwings flyHindwings fly

THORAXTHORAX

Wings: True bugsWings: True bugs Forewings, basal portion hardenedForewings, basal portion hardened Hindwings, membranousHindwings, membranous

THORAXTHORAX

Wings: Moths and butterfliesWings: Moths and butterflies Both wings scalesBoth wings scales

ABDOMENABDOMEN

Softest body sectionSoftest body section SpiraclesSpiracles, openings insect uses to , openings insect uses to

breathebreathe

ABDOMENABDOMEN

Few appendagesFew appendages OvipositorOvipositor

Laying eggs or stingerLaying eggs or stinger

ABDOMENABDOMEN

Few appendagesFew appendages CerciCerci

Can be sensory organ or protectiveCan be sensory organ or protective

LIFE CYCLESLIFE CYCLES

Insects begin life as an Insects begin life as an EggEgg Some exceptions are live birth, such Some exceptions are live birth, such

as Aphids (as Aphids (ViviparousViviparous) )

LIFE CYCLESLIFE CYCLES

Complete MetamorphosisComplete Metamorphosis

LIFE CYCLESLIFE CYCLES

Complete MetamorphosisComplete MetamorphosisLarvaLarva (immature stage) (immature stage) Damaging stage, feeding heavily on Damaging stage, feeding heavily on

foliage or rootsfoliage or roots Major difference in shape and habit Major difference in shape and habit

from adultfrom adult

LIFE CYCLESLIFE CYCLES

Complete MetamorphosisComplete MetamorphosisPupaePupae Idle stage, transforming into adultIdle stage, transforming into adult Cocoon vs. chrysalisCocoon vs. chrysalis

LIFE CYCLESLIFE CYCLES

Complete MetamorphosisComplete MetamorphosisAdultAdult (mature stage) (mature stage) Adults don’t often cause major Adults don’t often cause major

damagedamage

LIFE CYCLESLIFE CYCLES

Incomplete MetamorphosisIncomplete Metamorphosis

LIFE CYCLESLIFE CYCLES

Incomplete MetamorphosisIncomplete Metamorphosis

Nymph (immature stage) (immature stage) Differ from adult in size and shapeDiffer from adult in size and shape Gradual changesGradual changes Wings undeveloped Wings undeveloped

LIFE CYCLESLIFE CYCLES

Incomplete MetamorphosisIncomplete Metamorphosis

Adult (mature stage) (mature stage) Wings developWings develop

LIFE CYCLESLIFE CYCLES

Incomplete Metamorphosis Incomplete Metamorphosis

MicrocosmosMicrocosmos

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76R2EKEnoJQv=76R2EKEnoJQ