Innovative Wall Systems in Tropical Climate – Indian Perspective

Mukesh KhareDepartment of Civil EngineeringIIT DelhiEmail: kharemukesh@yahoo.co.in

Presentation Overview 1. Indian Scenario

2. Need for wall panels

3. Probable materials

4. Current Studies on materials

5. Future Scope

Construction Industry in India Second largest industry of the country after agriculture

Contributing around 8% to the nation’s GDP.

Construction accounts for ~ 60–80 % of the of project cost of roads and housing and a significant portion in case of other infrastructure sectors

Construction materials (cement, steel, bricks and tiles, sands and aggregates, fixtures & fitting, paints and chemicals, glasses etc.) account for 2/3rd of construction cost.

Indian Construction materials: The requirements

Strength/

Durability

IS Codes

Cost

Should be within the Budget allocations

Environmental Concerns

No rules so far

Safety

Fire proof

Neutral to reactions

Development in construction industries in India in last decades

Development of institutions and implementation plans for safety and quality related issues.

Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC); Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MHUPA);

A national level comprehensive Green Rating Initiative (TERI Griha)

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Current Indian Scenario: Emerging smart cities

Low cost resources: Possible alternatives for building materials

Rice and wheat straw husk

(14.5 million tons /year)

Sawmill waste

(Not available)

Groundnut shell

(11 million tons/year)

Coconut Shell

(Not available)

Jute residue

(20 million tons/year)

Banana Stalk

(Not available)

Success stories -examples

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Indian Green Buildings Council (IGBC) Building - India’s First Platinum Rated Green Building at Hyderabad in 2003.

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change office complex in Delhi: Green Building.

The ONGC Building Delhi

Paharpur Business Centre in Delhi: providing eco-friendly space for commercial activity. Maintaining Indoor Air Quality confirming to ASHRAE standards.

The Eco-Housing Programme: to promote environment friendly and energy efficient buildings in Mumbai and Pune.

Environment-Friendly, Energy Efficient,Cost-Effective Composite Materials/Products for Low Cost Housing in India

BAMBOO MAT BOARD-Flooring, walling, structural membrane

BAMBOO MAT VENEER COMPOSITE – modular partitions,

PHOSPHOGYPSUM PANEL- Plaster boards, blocks, bricks, walling panels,

BAMBOO CORRUGATED ROOFING SHEET- Roofing sheet

BAGASSE COMPOSITE PANEL/BOARD - Building applications

JUTE POLYESTER COMPOSITE- Chip boards, roofing sheets, partition panels

COIR COMPOSITE BOARD- Fibre boards, surfacing and partitioning

BAMBOO-RICE HUSK COMPOSITE – Temporary shelters, warehouses, Insulation,

RED-MUD POLYMER JUTE COMPOSITE – Partitions,

RED-MUD-JUTE DOOR SHUTTER -Door shutters

CELLULAR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE BLOCK - Concrete blocks

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COTTON STALK COMPOSITE - Medium Density Fibre boards, partitions,

BLAST FURNACE SLAG COMPOSITE - Partitions and interior finishing on walls.

FIBRE REINFORCED BAMBOO COMPOSITE - Partitions, false ceilings and interior finishing on walls.

JUTE LAMINATED COMPOSITE - Flooring, walling and partitions.

CEMENT BONDED PARTICLE BOARD - Roofing, flooring, walling and door shutters.

BANANA COMPOSITE BOARD - Partition panels and panels for door shutters.

Source: http://www.bmtpc.org/topics.aspx?mid=55&Mid1=87

Benefits

• Strengthening the Research Collaborations

• Better options to dispose the waste

• Resources for obtaining Sustainability Goals

• Marketing and Manufacturing opportunities

Industry Government

InstitutesFarmers

The Challenges

Economically viable

Structurally acceptable

Environmentally agreeable

ECO-SEE Experience

WP 4.1: Development of an indoor air quality model (Lead: IITD; Partners: Fraunhofer, BRE and Aviero)

Scope: To evaluate the adsorption and desorption properties of bio-based building construction materials (wall panel, insulation and coating) for volatile organic matters

Evaluation of adsorption (ka) and desorption (kd) coefficients of VOCs for ECO-SEE materials

CFD simulation of adsorption and desorption properties of VOCs for ECO-SEE materials

Mukesh Khare, Sunil Gulia, Sumanth Chinthala (2014). Bio-based construction materials in Indoor Environment. Cooling India, pp.71-74, March., 2014.

Process

Experimental data (Measured; Dosing Concentration and

phase time; Material Surface area, ACH

etc.

Fitting of Langmuir model equation with exp. data using least

square method

Estimated ka, kd and M

Net rate of change of mass (dM/dt)

CFD Simulations

Tichenor B.A., Guo Z., Dunn J.E., et al. (1991) The interaction of vapor phase organic compounds with indoor sinks. Indoor Air, 23-35.

AssumptionsThe sorption process is assumed to be totally reversible

Surface sorption as the dominant mechanism considered

VOC diffusion inside the material was not considered

Single material and single pollutant were simulated at a time

Controlled MDF

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Sr. No.

Parameters Toluene Limonene Dodecane Formaldehyde

1 Chamber Volume, (V0, m3) 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.0022 ACH, (N0 , 1/h) 6 6 6 6

3 Material Surface Area, (A0 , m2) 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

4 Dosing concentration, (C0, g/m3) 2169 2397 2754 779

5 Dosing time (T_stop, Hr.) 144 144 144 144

Parameters Toluene Limonene Dodecane Formaldehydeka 0.398 0.200 0.297 0.904

kd 1.297 0.382 0.200 0.673

Sunil Gulia, Sumanth Chinthala, Carla da Silva, Chetas Rana, Keith Mower, Andy Dengel, Mukesh Khare (Abstract accepted). Emission Characteristics of Eco-friendly Sustainable Building Construction Material-Part I, Indoor Air Conference, Ghent, Belgium, 3-8 July 2016 (Paper accepted)

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Toluene

Formaldehyde Dodecane

Limonene

Simulated and Experimental Domains

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Simulation parameters

Parameters Toluene Dodecane Limonene Units

Data set October 2014 October 2014 October 2014 -

Material Controlled MDF Controlled MDF Controlled MDF -

Chamber Volume 2 2 2 Litre

Size of Material 200 x 80 x 20 200 x 80 x 20 200 x 80 x 20 mm

Exposed surface area 0.016 0.016 0.016 m2

Pollutant Toluene Dodecane Limonene -

Dosing Concentration 2169 2754 2397 µg/m3

Inlet flow rate 200 200 200 ml/min

Inlet pressure 20000 20000 20000 Pa

Relative humidity 50 50 50 %

Temperature 23 23 23 0C

dM/dt 261.37 288.53 513.49 µg/m2/h

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C_MDF-DodecaneAdsorption Phase

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Concentration Isopleths

• Sumanth Chinthala, Sunil Gulia, Sebastian, S., Carla da Silva, Chetas Rana, Keith Mower, Andy Dengel, Mukesh Khare (abstracted accepted). Eco-friendly sustainable building construction materials: Simulations of Adsorption and Desorption for Control MDF-Part-2, Indoor Air Conference, Ghent, Belgium, 3-8 July 2016 (Paper accepted).

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C_MDF- Dodecane Desorption Phase

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Thanks