innovation development valeria shanks education 8841 diffusion and integration of technology in...
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INNOVATION DEVELOPMENTValeria ShanksEducation 8841 Diffusion and Integration of Technology in Education
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INTRODUCTION
What is the significance of Innovation development for computer technology in K-12 schools?
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WHY WAS THERE A NEED TO INTRODUCE TECHNOLOGY?
Competition with Russia’s space program
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RESEARCHWhat organization (people)
developed a solution to the problem?
What were the findings?
Who were the lead thinkers for innovation of computer technology?
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DEVELOPMENTWhat problems were
encountered in the development process?
Who was the intended audience for computer technology?
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COMMERCIALIZATIONProcess for production,
manufacturing, packaging, marketing, and distribution for Apple which was the first company to donate computers to schools.
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Computers evolve through innovation-decision process
KnowledgePersuasion
DecisionImplementation
Confirmation
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Stage 1—KnowledgeComputer innovation
Apple I PC computers are donated to classrooms
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Stage II-Persuasion1979 ---Personal computers
popularity grows worldwide
1981---IBM develops drill and practice software for schools
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Stages 3 and 4Decision/Implementation
1983 Apple II computer gains acceptance into classrooms
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Stage 5--Confirmation1984—Apple Macintosh computer is
developed1986– K-12 schools use computers for
instruction and guidance purposes1990—Multimedia PCs are developed1994—multimedia capabilities are
popularized in schools1995—and beyond Internet gains
popularity in schools
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Timeline for computer innovation decision process
YEAR IMPACT/RESULT1965 Mainframes/minicomputers used in
school administration and counseling
1971 Micro processors are developed PCs are used in businesses
1971 Mainframes/minicomputers used in business
1975 Apple I PC computers are donated to classrooms
1979 Personal Computers grow in worldwide popularity
1981 IBM develops drill and practice software for schools
1983 Apple II computer gains acceptance in classrooms
1984 Apple Macintosh computer is developed
1986 K-12 schools use computers for instruction and guidance purposes
1990 and beyond Multimedia PCs are developed and multimedia capabilities are popularized in schoolsInternet gains popularity in schools and becomes an invaluable resource for educatorsGoogle and Yahoo become popular web search engines
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Innovativeness and Five Adopter Categories
Innovators: Venturesome
Early Adopters RespectEarly Majority DeliberateLate Majority Skeptical
Laggards: TraditionalTraditional
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Rogers’ (2003) Diffusion of Innovations
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S Curve for ComputersThe S Curve for the Personal
computer has reached maturity.
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REFERENCESA brief history of computers in education (n.d.)Science and Technology Communications.
Retrieved from http://mstf.org/a-brief-history-of-computers-in-education.htm
Apple Computer Inc. (n.d.) Early History Retrieved from <a href=
http://ecommerce.hostip.info/pages/51/Apple-Computer-Inc-EARLY-HISTORY.html>
Cator, K. (2011). Cator says national tech plan puts learning first. T.H.E. Journal, 38 (1).
Lu, R., Overbaugh, R. (2009). School environment and technology implementation in K-12
classrooms. Computers in the Schools, 26 89-106, DOI: 10.1080/07380560902906096.
Murdock, Everett (2007) History, the History of Computers, and the History of Computers in
Education. Retrieved from http://www.csulb.edu/~murdock/histofcs.html.
Rogers, E. (1962) Diffusion of innovations. Free Press, London, NY, USA.
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York, NY: Free Press.
Zuniga, R., (2010) Computer Technology Integration Into the Public School Classroom - A
Qualitative Update. Academic Leadership the Online Journal. Retrieved from
http://www.academicleadership.org/article/Computer_Technology_Integration_Into_the_Pu
blic_School_Classroom_-_A_Qualitative_Update