inkjet printed inkjet printed sensorssensors - unict · inkjet printed inkjet printed...

30
Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed Sensors Sensors Cdl Cdl Specialistica Specialistica in in Ingegneria IngegneriaElettrica, Strumentazione Elettronica e Lab. Elettrica, Strumentazione Elettronica e Lab. Ing Ing. Salvatore La Malfa . Salvatore La Malfa, 10/11/2009 , 10/11/2009 i Sistemi Ing Ing. Salvatore La Malfa . Salvatore La Malfa, 10/11/2009 , 10/11/2009 http://www.measurement.dees.unict.it/SLM/index.html http://www.measurement.dees.unict.it/SLM/index.html Università Degli Studi di Catania Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica, Elettronica e dei Eng Eng. Salvatore La Malfa . Salvatore La Malfa PhD PhD Student Student D.I.E.E.S. D.I.E.E.S. - Department Department of of Electrical Electrical, Electronic and , Electronic and Systems Systems Engineering Engineering University University of of Catania Catania - Faculty Faculty of of Engineering Engineering V.le. V.le. A. Doria, 6 A. Doria, 6 - 95125 Catania, Italy 95125 Catania, Italy Tel: +39 Tel: +39-095 095-7382341 7382341 Fax: +39 Fax: +39-095 095-330793 330793 e-mail: mail: [email protected] [email protected]

Upload: hathuy

Post on 16-Oct-2018

245 views

Category:

Documents


2 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensorsCdlCdl SpecialisticaSpecialistica in in IngegneriaIngegneria Elettrica, Strumentazione Elettronica e Lab.Elettrica, Strumentazione Elettronica e Lab.

IngIng. Salvatore La Malfa. Salvatore La Malfa, 10/11/2009, 10/11/2009de

iS

iste

mi

IngIng. Salvatore La Malfa. Salvatore La Malfa, 10/11/2009, 10/11/2009

http://www.measurement.dees.unict.it/SLM/index.htmlhttp://www.measurement.dees.unict.it/SLM/index.html

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

EngEng. Salvatore La Malfa. Salvatore La Malfa

PhDPhD StudentStudent

D.I.E.E.S.D.I.E.E.S. -- DepartmentDepartment ofof ElectricalElectrical, Electronic and , Electronic and SystemsSystems EngineeringEngineering

UniversityUniversity ofof Catania Catania -- FacultyFaculty ofof EngineeringEngineering

V.le.V.le. A. Doria, 6 A. Doria, 6 -- 95125 Catania, Italy95125 Catania, Italy

Tel: +39Tel: +39--095095--73823417382341

Fax: +39Fax: +39--095095--330793330793

ee--mail: mail: [email protected]@diees.unict.it

Page 2: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Printed Electronics: Introduction

� Printed electronics is a set of printing methods

used to create electrically functional devices.

� Paper has been often proposed to be used as substrate

but due the rough surface and high humidity absorption

other materials such as plastic, ceramics and silicon has

been applied more widely.

� Several printing processes have been piloted and

printing preferably utilizes common printing equipment

in the graphics arts industry

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

in the graphics arts industry

Printed Electronics

Printed Sensors

Inkjet � Wearable electronics (Active clothing)

� Smart Labels (RFID+sensors)

� Disposable devices (biomedical)

� …

Low Costs/Low Performances

Flexible substrates

Page 3: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Printed vs Conventional Electronics

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

Page 4: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Printed Electronics: The “New” Electronics Revolution

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

Page 5: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

Chemistry

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Printed Electronics: Required Skills

Physics

InksC

H

Before entering the

market various

technological

improvements are still

needed.

Electronics

Engineering

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

MEMS & NEMS

Technologies

Inks

Printing

Heads &

Sytems

Substrates

H

A

L

L

E

N

G

E

S

Page 6: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Nearly market-ready devices: Flexible OLED

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

SONY Flexible OLED

Organic Field-Effect Transistor (OFET) is a field effect

transistor using an organic semiconductor in its channel.

Challenges:

� High Costs

� Limited lifetime

Flexible displays make possible a new set

of interesting applications.

This technology is nearly ready for the

market.

Page 7: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Nearly market-ready devices: Printed RFID

Start-up company PolyIC has an ambitious goal. It plans to replace today’s ubiquitous barcodes on

merchandise with electronic chips made of plastic.

Barcodes are on all products todayBarcodes are on all products today, but the only significant data they contain

is price. To identify products individually (for example, by expiration date or

other information) what’s needed are so-called intelligent labels that use RFID intelligent labels that use RFID

(radio frequency identification) technology. These radio chips, which are

affixed to products, are opening up new possibilities in delivery, inventory

management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a

distance.

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

Page 8: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� PolyIC: Printed RFID

Start-up company PolyIC has an ambitious goal. It plans to replace today’s ubiquitous barcodes on

merchandise with electronic chips made of plastic.

These radio chips, which are affixed to products, are opening up new new

possibilities possibilities in delivery, inventory management and labeling,

especially because they can be read from a distance.

In theory, this means a company could identify all the products it has in stock identify all the products it has in stock

at the push of a buttonat the push of a button—and determine their exact location.

Another conceivable application for this technology is the automatic checkautomatic check--

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei Another conceivable application for this technology is the automatic checkautomatic check--

out lineout line, where customers would simply move their shopping carts past a

radio scanner that automatically registers everything in the wagon.

RFID is a relatively old technology…the innovation of printed RFID tags

is only in their low production costs!

Silicon based (high performance) RFID tags cost 1€ or more each. Even

with great effort, a silicona silicon--based RFID chip will never cost less than based RFID chip will never cost less than

five to ten cents per unitfive to ten cents per unit, even over the long term!

PolyIC ultimate goal is extremely low-cost mass-production of all-printed RFID tags

Page 9: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

�Printed RFID Applications

Some PolyIC RFID Applications

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

Page 10: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Overview of Graphic Art Printing systems

Why inkjet printing?• + Digital non-impact

printing method, additive

• + All kinds of substrates• Rigid or flexible

substrates

• Rough or smooth

surfaces, 3D surfaces

• + Accurate, high

resolution, high speed

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

resolution, high speed

• + Possibility for mass

customization

• + Low material

consumption

• + Easy to integrate with

existing production lines

• + Inks for all kinds of

applications• Printing inks

• Functional inks

Page 11: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Inkjet printing methods

• Continuos Printing

• Thermal DOD

• Piezoelectric DOD

• Acoustic DOD

• E-jet DOD

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

Page 12: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Thermal Bubble vs Piezoelectric Printheads

Thermal bubble - Used by manufacturers such as

Canon and Hewlett Packard, this method is

commonly referred to as bubble jet. In a thermal

inkjet printer, tiny resistors create heat, and this

heat vaporizes ink to create a bubble. As the

bubble expands, some of the ink is pushed out of

a nozzle onto the paper. When the bubble "pops"

(collapses), a vacuum is created. This pulls more

ink into the print head from the cartridge. A

typical bubble jet print head has 300 or 600 tiny

nozzles, and all of them can fire a droplet

Piezoelectric - Patented by Epson, this

technology uses piezo crystals. A crystal is

located at the back of the ink reservoir of

each nozzle. The crystal receives a tiny electric

charge that causes it to vibrate. When the

crystal vibrates inward, it forces a tiny amount

of ink out of the nozzle. When it vibrates out,

it pulls some more ink into the reservoir to

replace the ink sprayed out.

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei nozzles, and all of them can fire a droplet

simultaneously.

Page 13: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Piezoelectric Printheads

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

� Less complex system, no recirculation

� More energy to produce a droplet

� Typical rate: tens of kHz

� Smaller drop size, higher placement

accuracy

� Low-end printer market

water: 0.89 mPa•s

xylene: 0.93 mPa•s

ethanol: 1.07 mPa•s

mercury: 1.53 mPa•s

olive oil: 81.x mPa•s

Acceptable range: 0.5-40 mPa•s

Page 14: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Inkjet Bend Sensor

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

Page 15: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Silver ink Printed conducting lines

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

Page 16: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

�Screen Printing

+ Many commercial inks are available

+ High throughput

+ Thick layers can be easily obtained

+ Many different materials can be

easiliy printed even with high viscosity

- Requires high costs masks.

- Ink waste.

Screen Printing: a contact printing system

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

Keywell Table Sliding Screen Printing Machinewww.keywell-printer.com

- Ink waste.

Page 17: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Graveur PolyIC RFID printing system for mass production

Graveur PolyIC RFID printing system for mass production

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

Page 18: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Inkjet Printing Systems

Everyday desktop printer (ie Epson)

Dimatix DMP 2800

Printing systems designed

or optimized for the

application

� Precision and accuracy

� Throughput / speed and

productivity

� Maintenance and

reliability

Electronic fluids formulated

to meet application

standards

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei Dimatix DMP 2800

www.dimatix.com

Microdrop inkjet systemwww.microdrop.de

Litrex M-Series inkjet systemwww.litrex.com

standards

Ink jet print engine

engineered for the

application

� Drop volume, velocity,

and placement control

� Robust and resistant to

electronic fluids

� High and precise drop

throw rate

� Wide range of substrates

and surface properties

Page 19: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� All printed Electronic Circuits

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

All printed electronic circuits!

Page 20: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Printed Electronics: Inks

INKSINKSTo design printed electronics, one needs a number of different materials that have

completely different features, but need to be adjusted to each other. The most important

materials are:

�� ConductorsConductors: electrical conducting polymers for structures of electrodes

�� SemiconductorsSemiconductors: electrical semi conducting polymers for transistors and diodes

�� DielectricsDielectrics: electrical insulating polymers to divide between semi-conducting and conducting layers

�� FunctionalFunctional: a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

�� FunctionalFunctional: a polymer whose properties are function of some physical quantities of interest

Conductive Conductive

PolymersPolymers

Metal Metal ParticleParticle

InksInksConductors

There are only few commercially available inks suitable for inkjet printing!

� Often custom inks formulation are required!

Page 21: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Conductive Polymers Vs Metal Particle Inks

Features Conductive Polymers Metal particle inks

Price 400 €\kg 5000 – 10000 €\kg

Conductive Conductive

PolymersPolymers

Metal Metal

ParticleParticle InksInks

VSVS

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

Conductivity Low (10 S/cm typical) High (> 10 kS/cm)

Cure temperature Low (50 – 100 °C) High (300 – 500 °C)

Preprocessing Dilution/Filtering None

Adhesion Medium-Low Very good

Compatibility Good performances even

with common desktop

printer printheads

Only dedicated Piezoelectric

Printheads

Availability Few general purpose

dispersions

Many different commercial inks

application specific

Page 22: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Metal Particle inks

Price: 5000 – 10000 €/kg

Cabot - CCI 300http://www.cabot-corp.com/

A functioning

950 MHz RFID

tag with

Spectra SE128

printed

antenna

Inkjet printed test pattern

demonstrated on variety of substrates��Paper, PET, PEN

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

antenna��Paper, PET, PEN

��FR4, polyimide,

��Display glass, ITO coated glass, Si

Page 23: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Conductive polymers: PEDOT:PSS

PEDOT:PSS or Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate)

is a polymer mixture of two ionomers. One component in this mixture is made up of

sodium polystyrene sulfonate which is a sulfonated polystyrene. Part of the sulfonyl

groups are deprotonated and carry a negative charge. The other component poly(3,4-

ethylenedioxythiophene) or PEDOT is a conjugated polymer and carries positive charges

and is based on polythiophene. Together the charged macromolecules form a

macromolecular salt.

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

Page 24: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Conductive polymers: PEDOT:PSS

PEDOT:PSS or Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate)

is a polymer mixture of two ionomers. One component in this mixture is made up of

sodium polystyrene sulfonate which is a sulfonated polystyrene. Part of the sulfonyl

groups are deprotonated and carry a negative charge. The other component poly(3,4-

ethylenedioxythiophene) or PEDOT is a conjugated polymer and carries positive charges

and is based on polythiophene. Together the charged macromolecules form a

macromolecular salt.

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

Page 25: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Conductive polymers: PEDOT:PSS

The PEDOT:PSS in “our” language!� It is an organic polymer that conduces electricity

� It is commercially available as a dispersion in water (typically at 1-3% wt. solids)

(Sigma Aldrich/H.C. Starck/Bayer/AGFA etc.)

� It is compatible with inkjet printing after simple pre-processing (dilution/filtering)

Baytron P from Bayer main Characteristics:

Solid content 1.2 – 1.4 %

Viscosity 60 – 100 mPa*s

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

Viscosity 60 – 100 mPa*s (olive oil = 81 mPa*s) � It probably needs to be diluted (20 mPa*s)

pH-value 1.5 – 2.5

Conductivity max 10 S/cm (depending on the type of coating formulation)

Density at 20 °C 1.003 g/cm^3

Mean particle size approx. 80 nm (filtering to avoid nozzles clogging)

Surf. tension at 20 °C 71 mN/m (that will determine the adhesion)

3cm

0.2cm0.1mm

RPEDOT:PSS = 150 Ω RCOPPER = 0.25 μΩ

Page 26: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Conductive polymers: PANI

PANI or Polyaniline

is a conducting polymer. Although it was discovered over 150 years ago, only recently has

polyaniline captured the attention of the scientific community due to the discovery of its

high electrical conductivity

Sigma Aldrich (650013) – PANI main properties

Concentration: 2-3 wt % (dispersion in xylene)

Particle size: < 400 nm

Conductivity: 10-20 S/cm (film)

Viscosity: 3 mPa*s

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

Viscosity: 3 mPa*s

Density: 0.9 g/ml @ 25 °C

It has an acid/base doping response that allows polyaniline to be used in chemical vapor

sensors.

We will use it as a functional polymer! (gas sensors)

Page 27: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� Research Activity Scheduling

timeline

SOTA Analysis

Focus on

materials &

Technologies

Preliminary

Sensor design &

Realization

Metrological

Characterization

Your work (2-3 months)

Divulgation

now

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei Preliminary

experimental testsDivulgation

For our startstart--upup activities, we will mainly focus on:

• Printing system: Common bubble-jet inkjet printer (i.e. HP) + Screen Printing

• Inks: Conductive Polymers (PEDOT:PSS + PANI)

• Substrate: Flexible (Paper/PET/Silicon – depending on required cure temperatures)

State Of The Art: Let’s look at some interesting papers…

Page 28: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� SOTA Review 1/3

All-polymer capacitor fabricated with inkjet printing techniqueYi Liu, Tianhong Cui *, Kody Varahramyan

Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, 911 Hergot Avenue, P.O. Box 10137, Ruston, LA 71272, USA

Received 17 November 2002; received in revised form 28 January 2003; accepted 31 January 2003

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

Printer: Epson Stylus color 480 SXU

Plates: PEDOT:PSS (Bayer - Baytron P)

Dielectric: PBPDA-PD from Aldrich (PI

after heating)

R = 17 MΩ

C = 50 pF

τ = 0.85 ms

Page 29: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics :Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics :Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� SOTA Review 2/3

Printer: Microdrop

Ink: PEDOT:PSS (Clevios PH 500)

Inkjet Printing of MicrosensorsHussein Al-Chami, Student Member, IEEE and Edmond Cretu, Member, IEEE

Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

Page 30: Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors - Unict · Inkjet Printed Inkjet Printed SensorsSensors ... management and labeling, especially because they can be read from a distance

de

iS

iste

mi

Printed Electronics: Inkjet Printed SensorsPrinted Electronics: Inkjet Printed Sensors

Eng. Salvatore La Malfa

� SOTA Review 3/3

Fabrication of chemical sensors using inkjet printing and application to gas detection Karl Crowley, Aoife Morrin, Malcolm R. Smyth, Anthony J. Killard

Sensors and Separations Group, School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland

Università Degli Studi di Catania

Dip

art

ime

nto

diIn

ge

gn

eri

aE

lett

rica

, E

lett

ron

ica

e d

ei

Process: Screen printing for the electrodes and inkjet

(Dimatix) for the PANI

Ink: Silver nanoparticles (Acheson) + custom prepared PANI ink

Evolution of

inkjet printed

droplet of

nanoPANI

solution over

time.