[1]

INGLES I

[2]

INGLES I

Reglamento…………………………………………………………………………...1

Estudio Independiente……………………………………………………………….2

10 sugerencias para administrar tu tiempo………………………………………...3

El tiempo disponible ejemplo………………………………………………………..4

Plan de estudios……………………………………………………………………...5

Índice BLOQUE 1

VERB TO BE AND PERSONAL INFORMATION ........................................ 7

POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES, COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES ............... 9

VOCABULARY: FAMILY, SEASONS, PROFESSIONS AND MONTHS......13

BLOQUE 2

FREQUENCY ADVERBS ........................................................................ 15

SIMPLE PRESENT ................................................................................... 17

LEISURE ACTIVITIES ................................................................................... 19

VOCABULARY FOR WORK AND STUDY .................................................... 21

BLOQUE 3

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE ....................................................................... 23

SIMPLE PRESENT AND PRESENT PROGRESSIVE …….. .................... 24

VOCABULARY FOR CLOTHING, WEATHER AND BODY PARTS .......... 26

BLOQUE4

COUNTABLE NOUNS AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS ............................. 29

HOW MUCH AND HOW MANY ................................................................. 31

WH QUESTIONS .......................................................................................... 34

PLURALS .................................................................................................. 35

[3]

REGLAMENTO

1. El Colegio de Educación Media Superior Abierta tiene reconocimiento de validez oficial de estudios (RVOE) de la Secretaría de Educación del Gobierno del Estado (SEGE). Acuerdo B0170, clave de centro de trabajo 24PBH0125

2. El plan de estudios es de la Dirección General de Bachillerato (DGB) y es válido en todo el país. Consta de tres módulos: Módulo Básico (31 asignaturas), Módulo Propedéutico (8 asignaturas) y Módulo de Formación para el Trabajo (1 especialidad).

3. El estudiante puede presentar exámenes por materia agrupando asignaturas seriadas excepto matemáticas quedando de la siguiente manera: Modulo Básico (20 materias), Módulo Propedéutico (4 materias) y Módulo de Formación para el Trabajo (1 especialidad)

4. Al concluir sus estudios se entrega un certificado de Bachillerato General, válido para cualquier carrera en cualquier Institución de educación superior en todo el país.

5. Se reconocen los estudios parciales realizados en cualquier institución de educación media superior presentando un certificado parcial legalizado de la escuela de procedencia, se tramita una equivalencia de estudios ante Secretaría de Educación y continúa con las asignaturas que le faltan para concluir sus estudios de Bachillerato.

6. La inscripción ante la Secretaría de Educación es Bimestral y se pueden reportar máximo 8 asignaturas por bimestreposterior al bimestre de inscripción. La inscripción y la presentación de exámenes en el Colegio es permanente.

7. Los requisitos para la inscripción en Secretaría de Educación: Certificado de Secundaria, original, Acta de Nacimiento original, copia del CURP y Certificado Parcial legalizado en caso de haber cursado estudios de bachillerato inconclusos. No existe límite de edad para el ingreso.

8. El estudiante puede consultar sus calificaciones y obtener sus libros digitales gratuitos en la página web del Colegio. Puede solicitar Constancias de Estudio (IMSS, Beca Oportunidades o trámites de estudios superiores), Credencial (boletur, descuentos en pasajes foráneos, museos)

9. Por ser un modelo no escolarizado el tiempo de término de estudios del bachillerato depende del ritmo de estudio del alumno, sin embargo se pueden determinar los siguientes periodos: 1 examen por semana 10 meses 1 examen por quincena 20 meses (1 año y medio) 1 examen por mes 40 meses (3 años 4 meses) Estos tiempos pueden disminuir si el alumno tiene estudios parciales previos.

[4]

10. El estudiante que no presente examen en tres meses consecutivos será dado de baja en la Secretaría de Educación. Para continuar sus estudios deberá solicitar un certificado parcial de las asignaturas acreditadas e inscribirse nuevamente

ESTUDIO INDEPENDIENTE

Las características y habilidades para el estudio independiente no se reducen a un contexto exclusivamente escolar. Esto quiere decir que la independencia se conforma a lo largo de la vida, es un proceso donde el individuo se enfrenta a diversas situaciones que tiene que resolver en distintos ámbitos como son el laboral o el familiar e incluso dentro de su comunidad, en los que influyen, por supuesto, factores de carácter social y cultural. Pero es la escuela, la entidad socialmente encargada de dotar de las destrezas o habilidades que le permitan al sujeto, desarrollar de manera consciente métodos de aprendizaje, sobre todo si deseamos que el postulado de la educación permanente, “aprender durante toda la vida”, realmente se cumpla. El estudio independiente puede considerarse como un proceso dirigido hacia el autocontrol y la autoevaluación y entenderse como una actividad orientada hacia la formación de habilidades que permitan la construcción ininterrumpida de conocimiento y aprendizaje. Existen muchos elementos para justificar la necesidad de fomentar el estudio independiente en los sistemas de educación abierta o a distancia, el principal queremos encontrarlo en el hecho de que a menos que el estudiante participe activamente en la adquisición de sus propios conocimientos estas modalidades educativas como formadoras del estudiante, carecen de sentido. Si los objetivos de estos sistemas no van solamente hacia la acumulación de conceptos, el estudio independiente debe ser una parte indispensable del proceso formativo. El estudio independiente tiene implícita la idea de que el aprendizaje requerido para un proceso formativo puede ser incorporado no sólo en el salón de clases o bajo la tutela del maestro sino que el alumno tiene la responsabilidad de trabajar de manera independiente y trascender lo que ha sido enseñado en el aula, en las diferentes áreas y dimensiones del saber. El estudio independiente lleva consigo la responsabilidad de la propia formación por parte del alumno y esto es importante si consideramos que el sistema educativo ha estado renunciando al proceso formativo y la creación de un aprendizaje colectivo es muy difícil en los sistemas de educación abierta, en donde la posibilidad de interacción está limitada. No estamos hablando acerca de una nueva moda educativa. Estamos hablando de una competencia humana básica, de la capacidad de aprender por uno mismo, que de repente se ha convertido en un requisito previo en este mundo nuevo. Las personas que toman la iniciativa en el auto aprendizaje, tienen más posibilidades de retener lo que aprenden que el estudiante pasivo y esta iniciativa está más en sintonía con nuestros procesos naturales de desarrollo psicológico, pero es importante añadir que la disposición para la autodirección de las personas es variable, lo que exige diversos grados de asistencia por parte de la institución y de los asesores, especialmente durante el desarrollo de las habilidades de estudio independiente. Estamos hablando de un conjunto de acciones porque el estudiante pone en práctica algunas herramientas cognoscitivas que ha venido consolidando a lo largo de su vida académica y otras que experimenta para resolver problemas específicos, las cuales le facilitan y hacen más efectiva o satisfactoria su labor de aprendizaje. Se trata de una labor consciente, y esta conciencia en el acto de estudiar es un elemento fundamental que permite comprender y emprender acciones permanentes de estudio independiente. El estudio independiente necesita rescatar la noción de responsabilidad personal, entendida como el hecho de que un individuo asuma la titularidad de sus pensamientos y acciones.

En conclusión el estudio independiente es el sistema de estudio que deposita en el alumno, la mayor responsabilidad de su aprendizaje de acuerdo con sus posibilidades, características, vivencias y

[5]

necesidades, estimulándolo para que utilice al máximo sus propios recursos conforme lo considere conveniente y oportuno

La asesoría o tutoría es el sistema de estudio que se basa en el proceso de auto aprendizaje y el asesor es un programador de experiencias didácticas y un orientador del proceso; esta modalidad de estudio no implica la asistencia a clases.

10 SUGERENCIAS PARA ADMINISTRAR TU TIEMPO

1. ¡Mantente alerta! La mayoría de la pérdida de tiempo ocurre por distracciones.

Distracción es cuando tu atención está en otra cosa o en otra parte que no sea lo importante que sucede a tu alrededor.

2. Cambia la rutina. Pregúntate: ¿Qué parte de mi rutina puedo cambiar o modificar para que mi productividad aumente?

3. Mantente en movimiento. Entre más activo estés, más alerta te sentirás.

4. Usa “objetivos espontáneos”. Éstos son ideas dirigidas hacia un resultado deseado que surge espontáneamente. Pregúntate: ¿Cuál es el resultado final de esta actividad?

5. No realices muchas actividades simultáneamente. Trata de trabajar a la vez que requiera concentración.

6. Líbrate del papeleo. Existen solamente tres opciones: basura, archivo o acción.

7. Utiliza tu tiempo libre en algo importante en qué ocuparte (archivar, organizar, adelantar algo, estudiar, capacitarte…)

8. Sé claro y conciso. Cuando expliques algo a alguien, hazlo de manera sencilla, clara, breve y con los datos suficientes. Así no tendrás que estar explicando lo mismo varias veces.

9. Toma un descanso mental. Cuando estés bloqueado y parece que no puedes avanzar, respira hondo varias veces para relajarte, trata de pensar en algo agradable y luego retoma lo que estás haciendo, con la mente fresca.

[6]

10. Sé puntual y organiza tus actividades. Una manera casi infalible de llegar a tiempo es planear llegar más temprano. La mejor forma de optimizar el tiempo es planear todas nuestras actividades.

EL TIEMPO DISPONIBLE

EJEMPLO

ACTIVIDADES LUNES MARTES MIÉRCOLES JUEVES VIERNES SÁBADO DOMINGO

DORMIR

DESAYUNO

COMIDA

CENA

TRABAJO

TRANSPORTE

FAMILIA

DEPORTE

TELEVISIÓN

ASEO PERSONAL

ESTUDIO INDIVIDUAL

ASESORÍAS

[7]

TOTAL

TIEMPO

DISPONIBLE

[8]

PLAN DE ESTUDIOS

PRIMER SEMESTRE: SEGUNDO SEMESTRE: TERCER SEMESTRE:

ALG-001

Matemáticas I TRI-002

Matemáticas II GAN-003 Matemáticas III

QUI-001

Química I QUI-002

Química II GEO-003 Geografía

EYV-001

Ética y Valores I EYV-002

Ética y Valores II FIS-003 Física I

ISC-001

Introducción a las Ciencias Soc.

HDM-002

Historia de México I HDM-003 Historia de México II

LYR-001

Taller de Lectura y Redacción I

LYR-002

Taller de Lectura y Redacción II

LIT-003 Literatura I

ING-001

Lengua adicional al español I

ING-002

Lengua adicional al español II

ING-003

Lengua adicional al español III

INF-001

Informática I INF-002

Informática II

CUARTO SEMESTRE:

QUINTO SEMESTRE:

SEXTO SEMESTRE:

FUN-004

Matemática IV BIO-005

Biología II FIL-006 Filosofía

BIO-004

Biología I HUC-005

Historia Universal Contemporánea

EYM-006

Ecología y Medio Ambiente

FIS-004

Física II MDI-006

Metodología de la Investigación

ESM-004

Estructura Socioeconómica de México

LIT-004

Literatura II

ING-004

Lengua adicional al español IV

FORMACION PARA EL TRABAJO:_______________________

[9]

BLOQUE 1

MAINGOAL: BY THE END OF THIS BLOCK, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO DESCRIBE PROPERLY PEOPLE AND OBJECTS AND COMPARE THEM ACCURATELY USING THE CORRECT ADJECTIVE.

KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED

� VERB TO BE AND PERSONAL INFORMATION. � POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES � COUNTRIES � NATIONALITIES � VOCABULARY: FAMILY, SEASONS, PROFESSIONS,

NUMBERS AND MONTHS

ATTITUDES AND VALUES EMPHASIZED

� TOLERANCE OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCE. � AWARENESS OF NATIONAL AND PERSONAL

IDENTITY THROUGH COMPARISON WITH OTHER CULTURES

SKILLS ACQUIRED

� APPLICATION OF NEW VOCABULARY WORDS IN NEW CONTEXTS

[10]

LESSON 1

SECTION 1.

NUMBERS (0-100).

Los números en inglés del 1 al 20 son los que cambian de forma en su escritura y a la

vez presentan rasgos comunes. Los números del 13 al 19 terminan igual y son los años

que corresponden a la adolescencia por eso a los adolescentes en ingles se les dice

teenagers(teen porque están en sus años teen y agers por la edad)

One-Uno.

Two-Dos.

Three-Tres.

Four-Cuatro.

Five-Cinco.

Six-Seis.

Seven-Siete.

Eight-Ocho.

Nine-Nueve.

Ten-Diez.

Eleven-Once.

Twelve-Doce.

Thirteen-Trece.

Fourteen-Catorce.

Fifteen-Quince.

Sixteen-Dieciséis.

Seventeen-Diecisiete.

Eighteen-Dieciocho.

Nineteen-Diecinueve.

Twenty-Veinte.

[11]

A partir del veinte (Twenty), los números que le siguen son “Numeros Regulares”

acumulativos: Twenty-one (veintinuno),twenty-two (veintidós)...así hasta el 30 (thirty),

al que le sigue thirty-one(treintayuno), 40 (forty), 50 (fifty), 60 (sixty), 70 (seventy), 80

(eighty), 90 (ninety) y 100 (one hundred).

Twenty-One. (21)

Twenty-Two. (22)

Twenty-Three. (23)

Twenty-Four. (24)

Twenty-Five. (25)

Twenty-Six. (26)

Twenty-

Seven. (27)

Twenty-Eight. (28)

Twenty-Nine. (29)

Thirty. (30)

Thirty-One. (31)

Thirty-Two. (32)

Thirty-Three. (33)

Thirty-Four. (34)

Thirty-Five. (35)

Thirty-Six. (36)

Thirty-Seven. (37)

Thirty-Eight. (38)

Thirty-Nine. (39)

Forty. (40)

Forty-One. (41)

Forty-Two. (42)

Forty-Three. (43)

Forty-Four. (44)

Forty-Five. (45)

Forty-Six. (46)

Forty-Seven. (47)

Forty-Eight. (48)

Forty-Nine. (49)

Fifty. (50)

Fifty-One. (51)

Fifty-Two. (52)

Fifty-Three. (53)

Fifty-Four. (54)

Fifty-Five. (55)

Fifty-Six. (56)

Fifty-Seven. (57)

Fifty-Eight. (58)

Fifty-Nine. (59)

Sixty. (60)

Sixty-One. (61)

Sixty-Two. (62)

Sixty-Three. (63)

Sixty-Four. (64)

Sixty-Five. (65)

Sixty-Six. (66)

Sixty-Seven. (67)

Sixty-Eight. (68)

Sixty-Nine. (69)

Seventy. (70)

Seventy-One. (71)

Seventy-Two. (72)

Seventy-

Three. (73)

Seventy-Four. (74)

Seventy-Five. (75)

Seventy-Six. (76)

Seventy-

Seven. (77)

Seventy-Eight. (78)

Seventy-Nine. (79)

Eighty. (80)

Eighty-One. (81)

Eighty-Two. (82)

Eighty-Three. (83)

Eighty-Four. (84)

Eighty-Five. (85)

Eighty-Six. (86)

Eighty-Seven. (87)

Eighty-Eight. (88)

Eighty-Nine. (89)

Ninety. (90)

Ninety-One. (91)

Ninety-Two. (92)

Ninety-Three. (93)

Ninety-Four. (94)

Ninety-Five. (95)

Ninety-Six. (96)

Ninety-Seven. (97)

Ninety-Eight. (98)

Ninety-Nine. (99)

One

hundred. (100)

[12]

Los números del 100 al 1000 son:

100 (one hundred), 200, (two hundred), 300 (three hundred).....así hasta el 1000

(one thousand), 2000 (two thousand), 3000 (three thousand)...y así hasta 1 millón

(one milion), 2 millones ( Two milion)....

100 one hundred

101 one hundred and one

102 one hundred and two

103 one hundred and three

104 one hundred and four

105 one hundred and five

106 one hundred and six

107 one hundred and seven

108 one hundred and eight

109 one hundred and nine

110 one hundred and ten

111 one hundred and eleven

112 one hundred and twelve

113 one hundred and thirteen

114 one hundred and fourteen

115 one hundred and fifteen

116 one hundred and sixteen

117 one hundred and seventeen

118 one hundred and eighteen

119 one hundred and nineteen

120 one hundred and twenty

121 one hundred and twenty one

122 one hundred and twenty two

...

130 one hundred and thirty

131 one hundred and thirty one

....

140 one hundred and forty

...

150 one hundred and fifty

...

160 one hundred and sixty

...

170 one hundred and seventy

...

180 one hundred and eighty

...

190 one hundred and ninety

200 two hundred

300 three hundred

400 four hundred

500 five hundred

600 six hundred

700 seven hundred

800 eight hundred

900 nine hundred

1000 one thousand

[13]

Exercise 1

eighteen

twelve

fourteen

twenty

thirty-one

forty-

fifty-eight

sixty-seven

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

one hundred and eleven

three hundred and seventy-four

seven hundred and eighty-nine

two thousand six hundred and twenty-one

five thousand four hundred and thirty-two

sixteen thousand seven hundred and ninety-

thirty-seven thousand nine hundred and thirteen

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

Exercise 2

NOW YOU WRITE THE WORDS FOR THE NUMBERS 11

29

44

209

677

892

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

[14]

SECTION 2

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES.

Los adjetivos posesivos en inglés son: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their. Hacen referencia a quien posee y no a lo poseído. En general preceden a sustantivos.

Exemplos

my(mái) - mi, mis

your(iór) - tu, tus / su, sus (de usted)

his(jis) - su, sus (de él)

her(jer) - su, sus (de ella)

its(its) - su, sus (de algo)

our(áuar) - nuestro/a/os/as

your(iór) - su, sus (de ustedes/vosotros)

their(dér) - su, sus (de ellos/as)

my job my girlfriend my friends your name his car his house her English class her teachers its roof its culture our planet our money your country your help their houses their cars

mi trabajo mi novia mis amigos tu nombre su carro (él) su casa (él) su clase de inglés (ella) sus maestros (ella) su techo su cultura nuestro planeta nuestro dinero su país (ustedes) su ayuda (ustedes) su casa (ellos) sus autos

[15]

Exercise 1

MATCH THE PERSON WITH THE OBJECT USING POSSESSIVES. THE FIRST ONE IS DONE FOR YOU

1.

book

Her book

2.

bell

__________________

3.

ball __________________

4.

Me and my mother

camera

__________________

[16]

SECTION 3

VERB “TO BE” PRESENT

¿POR QUÉ “TO”?

Algo que, al principio, le resulta difícil de entender a todo estudiante es que, en castellano, el infinitivo de los verbos tiene tres terminaciones: ar (cantar), er (beber) e ir (dormir). Más adelante observarás que los verbos ingleses tienen gran variedad de terminaciones. Por ese motivo -con el único objetivo de unificación- a los verbos en inglés se les antepone la preposición to para indicar que están "en infinitivo" (ejemplo, to be = ser o estar).

Nota En inglés el verbo viene siempre precedido por el pronombre personal (sujeto de la oración). En castellano no ocurre lo mismo: al comenzar una oración podemos decir soy, estoy (sujeto tácito o implícito) en reemplazo de yo soy, yo estoy. Cabe insistir que, en inglés, el pronombre I (yo) se escribe siempre con mayúscula, ya sea que se encuentre al principio o en el medio de una oración.

VERB "TO BE" VERBO "SER - ESTAR" (PRESENTE)

POSITIVE AFIRMATIVO

ENGLISH

ESPAÑOL

Normal Contracted

Normal Contracción

I am I'm Yo soy, estoy Soy, Estoy

You are You're Tú eres, estás Eres, Estás

He is He's El es, está Es, Está (para El)

She is She's Ella es, está Es, Está (para Ella)

It is It's El/Ella es, está Es, Está (para El o Ella)

We are We're Nosotros/as somos, estamos

Somos, Estamos

You are You're Ustedes son/están Son/Están

They are They're Ellos/as son, están Son, Están (para Ellos o Ellas)

[17]

INTERROGATIVE INTERROGATIVO

ENGLISH

ESPAÑOL

Normal Contracted

Normal Contracción

Am I? -

¿Soy/Estoy yo? ¿Soy/Estoy?

Are you? - ¿Eres/Estás tú? ¿Eres/Estás?

Is he? - ¿Es/Está él? ¿Es/Está? (El)

Is she? - ¿Es/Está ella? ¿Es/Está? (Ella)

Is it? -

¿Es/Esta él? ¿Es/Está ella?

¿Es/Está? (El o Ella)

Are we? -

¿Somos/Estamos nosotros?

¿Somos/Estamos?

Are you? - ¿Son/Están ustedes? ¿Son/Están?

Are they? -

¿Son/Están ellos/as? ¿Son/Están? (Ellos o Ellas)

NEGATIVE NEGATIVO

ENGLISH

ESPAÑOL

Normal Contracted

Normal Contracción

I am not I'm not

Yo no soy/estoy No soy/estoy

You are not You're not You aren't

Tú no eres/estás No eres/estás

He is not He's not He isn't

El no es/está No es/está (para El)

She is not She's not She isn't

Ella no es/está No es/está (para Ella)

It is not It's not It isn't

El/Ella no es/está No es/está (para El o Ella)

We are not We're not We aren't

Nosotros/as no somos Nosotros/as no estamos

No somos No estamos

You are not You're not You aren't

Ustedes no son/están No son/están

[18]

They are not They're not They aren't

Ellos/as no son/están No son/están (para Ellos o Ellas)

Exercise 1 Verb “To Be” Affirmative

WRITE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB TO BE IN PRESENT TO COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.

1. It _________ cold today.

2. I _________ at home now.

3. They _________ Korean.

4. My name _________ Nikita.

5. We _________ from Ukraine.

6. That _________ right.

7. I _________ OK, thanks.

8. Clara and Steve _________ married.

9. She _________ an English teacher.

Exercise 2 “To Be” Interrogative

WRITE QUESTIONS WITH THE VERB TO BE IN PRESENT TO COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES (FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE).

Example: you / a good singer --> Are you a good singer?

1. David Bisbal / your favorite pop star?

_________________________________________________________

2. we / from England?

_________________________________________________________

3. you / twelve?

_________________________________________________________

4. your friends / good students?

_________________________________________________________

5. Messi / your favorite footballer?

_________________________________________________________

[19]

6. she / a good teacher?

_________________________________________________________

7. Martha / a tennis player?

_________________________________________________________

8. the dogs / under the table?

_________________________________________________________

9. the cat / in the garden?

_________________________________________________________

10. he / happy?

_________________________________________________________

Exercise 3 “To Be” Negative

WRITE THE NEGATIVE FORM OF THE VERB TO BE IN PRESENT TO COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.

1. We _______________ friends.

2. Mary and Mark _______________ doctors.

3. Peter _______________ a football player.

4. Blue _______________ herfavoritecolor.

5. Catherine _______________ from Italy.

6. The dogs _______________ white.

7. They _______________ English teachers.

8. A cat _______________ a dangerous animal.

9. The computer _______________ new.

10. The chairs _______________ old.

[20]

SECTION 4

DAYS AND MONTHS

EN INGLÉS LOS DÍAS DE LA SEMANA Y LOS MESES SON:

DÍAS DE LA SEMANA:(Siempre se escriben con mayúscula como nombres)

CASTELLANO INGLÉS

LUNES Monday MARTES Tuesday MIÉRCOLES Wednesday JUEVES Thursday VIERNES Friday SÁBADO Saturday DOMINGO Sunday

MESES DEL AÑO:(Siempre se escriben con mayúscula como nombres)

CASTELLANO INGLÉS

ENERO January FEBRERO February MARZO March ABRIL April MAYO May JUNIO June JULIO July AGOSTO August SEPTIEMBRE September OCTUBRE October NOVIEMBRE November DICIEMBRE December

[21]

Exercise 1

UNSCRAMBLE AND WRITE THE DAY.

1. U S Y T E A D: __________________

2. A F R Y I D: __________________

3. U A N Y D S: __________________

4. A Y W D E D E N S: __________________

5. N A D Y O M: __________________

6. T S A R U Y A D: __________________

7. R H U D A T S Y: __________________

Exercise 2

ADD THE MISSING LETTER

1. ____ anuary

2. ____ bruary

3. ____ arch

4. ____ pril

5. ____ ay

6. ____ une

7. ____ uly

8. ____ ugust

9. ____ eptember

10. ____ ctober

11. ____ ovember

12. ____ ecember

[22]

SECTION 5

VOCABULARY

SEASONS

Las estaciones (seasons) del año en inglés son:

Summer – Verano

In summer,

it's hot.

it's sunny.

people go to the beach.

People usually go on

holiday.

Autumn o Fall – Otoño

In autumn,

it's often windy.

it's cloudy.

it's a bit cold.

Winter – Invierno

In winter, it's very cold.

it rains.

[23]

it's rainy.

it snows.

it's snowy.

Spring – Primavera

In spring,

it's warm.

it's nice.

people go on a picnic.

Exercise 1

UNSCRAMBLE AND WRITE THE SEASON.

1. i g r p n s: __________________

2. u m s e m r: __________________

3. m a t u u n: __________________

4. e r w i n t: __________________

COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES

Algunos países y sus nacionalidades en inglés son:

País Nacionalidad Pronunciación AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIAN ostréilia, austréilian BELGIUM BELGIAN bélyium, bélyian BOLIVIA BOLIVIAN bolí:via, bolí:vian BRAZIL BRAZILIAN bresíl, bresílian BULGARIA BULGARIAN bulgária, bulgárian CANADA CANADIAN kánada, kanéidian CHILE CHILEAN chíle, chiléan CHINA CHINESE cháina, chainí:s COLOMBIA COLOMBIAN kolómbia, kolómbian FRANCE FRENCH frans, frénch FINLAND FINNISH fínland, fínish ICELAND ICELANDER áisland, aislánder INDIA INDIAN índia, índian ITALY ITALIAN ítali, itálian

[24]

MEXICO MEXICAN méksikou, méksikan PERU PERUVIAN perú, perúvian the PHILIPPINES FILIPINO de fílipins, filipínou RUSSIA RUSSIAN rásha, ráshan SCOTLAND SCOTTISH skótland, skótish the UNITED KINGDOM BRITISH di iunáitit kíngdom, brítish the UNITED STATES AMERICAN di iunáitit stéits, amérikan VENEZUELA VENEZUELAN venesuéla, venesuélan

Exercise 2

LOOK AT THE EXAMPLE AND WRITE.

1. China

He is from China. He is Chinese.

2. Japan

__________________ __________________

3. Australia

__________________ __________________

4. France

__________________ __________________

5. Spain

__________________ __________________

6. England

__________________ __________________

[25]

[26]

FAMILY

LOS MIEMBROS DE LA FAMILIA EN INGLÉS SON (su pronunciación se tiene de los paréntesis:

aunt(ant) - tía brother(bróder) - hermano brother-in-law(bróder in ló) - cuñado children(children) - hijos

cousin(kósin) - primo/a dad, daddy(dád, dádi) - papi, papito daughter(dóter) - hija daughter-in-law(dóter in ló) - nuera

father(fáder) - padre father-in-law(fáder in ló) - suegro first-born(férst-bórn) - primogénito goddaughter(god dóter) - ahijada

godfather(god fáder) - padrino godmother(god máder) - madrina godson(gód son) - ahijado grandchildren(gránd chíldren) - nietos

granddaughter(gránd dóter) - nieta grandfather(gránd fáder) - abuelo grandmother(gránd máder) - abuela grandparents(gránd párents) - abuelos

grandson(gránd son) - nieto great-grandfather(gréit gránd fáder) - bisabuelo great-grandmother(gréit gránd máder) - bisabuela great-grandparents(gréit- gránd párents) - bisabuelos

husband(jásband) - esposo mom, mommy(mam, mámi) - mami, mamita mother(máder) - madre mother-in-law(máder in ló) - suegra

nephew(néfiu) - sobrino niece(níis) - sobrina only child(óunli cháild) - hijo/a único/a orphan(órfan) - huérfano

parents(pérents) - padres sister(síster) - hermana sister-in-law(síster in ló) - cuñada son(san) - hijo

son-in-law(san in ló) - yerno stepdaughter(stép dóter) - hijastra stepfather(stép fáder) - padrastro stepmother(stép máder) - madrastra

stepson(stép son) - hijastro uncle(ankl) - tío wife(uáif) - esposa

Exercise 3

FILL IN THE CORRECT FAMILY MEMBER.

1. My mother's sister is my ________________.

2. My daughter's brother is my ________________.

3. My father's daughter is my ________________.

4. My mum and dad are my ________________.

5. My sister's son is my ________________.

[27]

6. My aunt's son or daughter is my ________________.

7. My father's brother is my ________________.

8. My mother's father is my ________________.

9. My daughter's son is my ________________.

10. My brother's daughter is my ________________.

PROFESSIONS AND OCCUPATIONS

Algunas profesiones y ocupaciones o trabajos se enlistan a continuación:

accountant contador model modelo actor actor mailman (US) cartero actress actriz nanny niñera air hostess azafata nurse enfermera architect arquitecto inspector inspector astronaut astronauta interior designer diseñador de

interiores au-pair, babysitter niñera jeweller joyero baker panadero journalist periodista bank clerk empleado bancario office worker oficinista beekeeper apicultor painter pintor barber

barbero, peluquero

(de hombre) photographer fotógrafo

bookseller librero pilot piloto bricklayer albañil plumber fontanero, plomero bus driver conductor de autobús policeman policía butcher carnicero policewoman mujer policía chemist farmacéutico politician político chimney-sweeper deshollinador postman (GB) cartero consultant asesor office worker oficinista cook cocinero psychiatrist psiquiatra customs officer oficial de aduanas psychologist psicólogo dentist dentista receptionist recepcionista disc jockey, DJ disc jockey, DJ reporter reportero doctor médico sailor marinero driver conductor salesman vendedor driving instructor instructor de manejo scientist científico dustman basurero secretary secretario electrician electricista security guard guardia de seguridad employee empleado shepherd pastor engineer ingeniero shoemaker zapatero factory worker obrero singer cantante farmer agricultor soldier soldado

[28]

fashion designer diseñador de moda sports instructor instructor de deportes firefighter , fireman bombero stockbroker agente de bolsa fisherman pescador student estudiante gardener jardinero surgeon cirujano graphic designer diseñador gráfico tailor sastre hairdresser peluquero (de mujer) taxi driver taxista inspector inspector teacher profesor, maestro

interior designer diseñador de

interiores technician técnico

jeweller joyero telemarketer, telesales

person

persona que vende por

teléfono

journalist periodista tourist guide guía turística

judge juez translator traductor

lawyer abogado university lecturer profesor universitario

librarian bibliotecario vet (GB), veterinarian

(US) veterinario

lifeguard salvavidas, socorrista waiter camarero

lorry driver camionero waitress camarera

mechanic mecánico watchmaker relojero

meson albañil writer escritor

Exercise 4

WRITE THE NAME OF THE FOLLOWING PROFESSIONS AND OCCUPATIONS.

1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______

5. _______ 6. _______ 7. _______ 8. _______

[29]

BLOQUE 2

MAINGOAL: BY THE END OF THIS BLOCK, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO TALK ABOUT THE PRESENT, LEISURE ACTIVITIES AND CHORES.

KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED

� SIMPLE PRESENT � FREQUENCY ADVERBS � LEISURE ACTIVITIES. � VOCABULARY FOR WORK AND STUDY.

ATTITUDES AND VALUES EMPHASIZED

� TOLERANCE OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCE.

SKILLS ACQUIRED

� ASKING AND ANSWERING QUESTIONS ABOUT THE PRESENT.

� EXPRESSING ABOUT TIME. � USE OF VOCABULARY RELATED TO WORK AND

STUDY. � USE OF AUXILIARY DO/DOES.

[30]

LESSON 2

SECTION 1

SIMPLE PRESENT

AFFIRMATIVE

El presente simple afirmativo se forma con el infinitivo del verbo sin "to".

En la 3ª persona del singular (he, she, it) se añade una -s final al verbo.

I play Yo juego

You play Tú juegas

He plays Él juega

She plays Ella juega

It plays Juega

We play Nosotros jugamos

You play ustedes juegan

They play Ellos juegan

EJEMPLOS

I work as a secretary Trabajo como secretaria

You call her every day La llamas todos los días

He finishes his job Termina su trabajo

She goes home Se va a casa

It matters a lot Importa mucho

We study maths Estudiamos matemáticas

You use a dictionary Usan un diccionario

They like ice creams Les gustan los helados

[31]

Formación de la 3ª persona

Como regla general, hemos dicho que la 3ª persona del singular en presente simple lleva una -s final. Pero hay excepciones según el verbo termine en -y, -o, -ch, -sh, -ss, -x.

1 Si el verbo acaba en -y precedida de una consonante, se cambia la -y por -ies.

To cry She cries Ella llora

To study He studies Él estudia

To fly It flies Vuela

2 Si la terminación -y va precedida de una vocal, como hemos visto antes como el verbo "to play", sólo se le añadirá una -s.

He plays (él estudia).

3 Si el verbo acaba en -o precedida de una consonante, se añadirá -es.

(To do) He does Él hace

(To go) She goes Ella va

4 Si el verbo acaba en -ch, -sh, -ss, -x, se añade -es.

(To watch) She watches Ella ve

(To wash) he washes Él lava

(To pass) She passes Ella aprueba

(To fix) He fixes Él arregla

Exercise 1

ARRANGE THE WORDS TO MAKE AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES IN SIMPLE PRESENT.

1. I / to collect stamps

________________________________________________________

2. we / to play card games

________________________________________________________

[32]

3. he / to read comics

________________________________________________________

4. Chris / to sing in a band

________________________________________________________

5. we / to have a hamster

________________________________________________________

6. Andy and John / to like cola

________________________________________________________

7. she / to be nice

________________________________________________________

8. they / to help their parents

________________________________________________________

9. the children / to speak English

________________________________________________________

10 I / to buy a newspaper every Saturday

________________________________________________________

[33]

SIMPLE PRESENT

NEGATIVE

La estructura del presente simple en forma negativa es:

Sujeto + do/does + not + verbo + ...

Forma larga Forma corta

I do not play I don't play

You do not play You don't play

He does not play He doesn't play

She does not play She doesn't play

It does not play It doesn't play

We do not play We don't play

You do not play You don't play

They do not They don't play

EJEMPLOS

I do not live in London No vivo en Londres

You don't have any pets No tienes mascotas

He does not understand him No lo comprende

She doesn't write a letter No escribe una carta

It does not work No funciona

We don't play tennis No jugamos al tenis

You do not watch TV No ven la televisión

They don't remember anything No recuerdan nada

Para indicar que es

negativo se usa el

auxiliar Do y Does para

terceras personas. No

tiene

significadoúnicamente

indica que en este caso

es un negativo al

seguirle NOT.

[34]

Exercise 2

WRITE THE NEGATION OF THE VERBS IN BOLD.

1) They play volleyball every week.

They ___________ volleyball every week.

2) John is nice.

John ___________ nice.

3) This car makes a lot of noise.

This car ___________ a lot of noise.

4) I like computer games.

I ___________ computer games.

5) We are from Greece.

We ___________ from Greece.

6) You wear pullovers.

You ___________ pullovers.

7) They speak English.

They ___________ English.

8) He watches TV.

He ___________ TV.

9) I am from Spain.

I ___________ from Spain.

10) Steve draws nice pictures.

Steve ___________ nice pictures.

[35]

SIMPLE PRESENT

INTERROGATIVE

La forma interrogativa tiene dos opciones, preguntar afirmativamente o negativamente.

AFIRMATIVO

Do/does + sujeto + verbo?

NEGATIVO

Forma larga Do/does + sujeto + not + verbo?

Forma corta Don´t/doesn´t + sujeto + verbo?

AFIRMATIVO NEGATIVO

Do I play...? Do I not play...? Don't I play...?

Do you play...? Do you not play...? Don't you play...?

Does he play...? Does he not play...? Doesn't he play...?

Does she play...? Does she not play...? Doesn't she play...?

Does it play...? Does it not play...? Doesn't it play...?

Do we play...? Do we not play...? Don't we play...?

Do you play...? Do you not play...? Don't you play...?

Do they play...? Do they not play...? Don't they play...?

Ejemplos

Do I eat this dessert? ¿Me como este postre?

Don't you speak English? ¿No hablas inglés?

Does he know him? ¿Le conoce?

Doesn't she play the violin? ¿No toca el violin?

Does it float? ¿Flota?

Don't we study this subject? ¿No estudiamos este tema?

Do you go to the cinema? ¿Vais al cine?

[36]

Don't they smoke? ¿No fuman?

Exercise 3

PUT IN THE CORRECT VERB FORMS AND THE NOUNS INTO THE GAPS. USE SIMPLE PRESENT.

1. ________to school? (You/to walk)

2. ________a banana in the morning? (Ronda/to eat)

3. ________parrots? (Your father/to like)

4. ________a room with her sister? (Wendy/to share)

5. ________a lot in England? (It/to rain)

6. ________sports after school? (The friends/to do)

7. ________camping in summer? (Susan and Jack/to go)

8. ________their friends to the party? (They/to invite)

9. ________ at the bus stop? (We/to wait)

10. ________ in the mornings? (He/to smile)

[37]

SECTION 2

FREQUENCY ADVERBS

Los adverbios de frecuencia como su nombre lo indica, nos sirven para saber con qué frecuencia o periodicidad un sujeto realiza una acción determinada.

Para saber cuándo debemos utilizarlos, aquí una lista de los adverbios de frecuencia más comunes en inglés. La lista está en orden de periodicidad con la que se realiza la acción: comenzando por “siempre” y terminando por “nunca”.

Always (siempre) – la acción se realiza 100% del tiempo

• How frequently do you think of me? (¿Con qué frecuencia piensas en mi?) • Always, I can’t stop thinking of you. (Siempre. No puedo dejar de pensar en ti.)

Frequently (frecuentemente)

• How often do you practice sport? (¿Qué tan a menudo haces deporte?) • Frequently, because I love swimming. (Frecuentemente, porque me encanta

nadar.)

Usually o Normally (usualmente o normalmente)

• Karen, do you know what time is John going to arrive? (Karen, ¿sabes a qué hora va a llegar Juan?)

• No, John usually arrives late. (No, Juan normalmente llega tarde.)

Often (a menudo)

• Do you often come here? (¿Vienes aquí a menudo?) • Not very often, and you? (No muy a menudo, ¿y tú?)

Sometimes (algunas veces)

• How frequently do you go out with your friends? (¿Qué tan seguido sales con tus amigos?)

• I just sometimes go out with them. (Solo algunas veces salgo con ellos.)

Occasionally (ocasionalmente)

• Do you often play chess? (¿Juegas ajedrez a menudo?) • No, I occasionally play chess. (No. Juego ajedrez ocasionalmente.)

[38]

Seldom o Hardly ever (pocas veces)

• Have you tried to speak to them? (¿Has tratado de hablar con ellos?) • Yes, but they are seldom at the office when we call. (Si, pero muy pocas veces

están en la oficina cuando llamamos.)

Rarely (rara vez)

• Is it always this cold in February? (¿Es siempre así de frío en febrero?) • No, it rarely gets that cold this time of the year. (No. Es raro que haga tanto frío

en esta época del año.)

Never (nunca)

• Have you seen this film before? (¿Has visto esta película antes?) • No, I have never seen it. (No, nunca la he visto.)

Reglas gramaticales de los adverbios de frecuencia en inglés o frequency adverbs

Los adverbios de frecuencia los puedes colocar en distintos lugares de la oración:

1.- Si la oración tiene un verbo (no un verbo auxiliar), coloca el adverbio de frecuencia después del sujeto y antes del verbo.

• Diana usually calls after dinner. (Diana normalmente habla después de la cena.)

2.- Si la oración tiene el verbo “to be”, coloca el adverbio de frecuencia después del verbo “be”.

• Rachel isoften at her office early in the morning. (Raquel esta a menudo en su oficina temprano en la mañana.)

3.- Si la oración tiene más de un verbo (de los cuales uno es auxiliar), coloca el adverbio de frecuencia antes del verbo principal.

• I can never do anything when my kid is sick. (Nunca puedo hacer nada cuando mi hijo está enfermo.)

4.- Cuando utilizas los adverbios de frecuencia en preguntas o en la forma negativa, coloca el adverbio de frecuencia antes del verbo principal.

• Do you usually brush your teeth after each meal? (¿Normalmente te lavas los dientes después de cada comida?)

• Yes, I always brush my teeth after each meal. (Sí, siempre me lavo los dientes después de cada comida.)

• She doesn’t often go shopping. (Ella no suele ir de compras.)

[39]

5.- Cuando contestas alguna pregunta, normalmente el adverbio de frecuencia lo colocas al principio seguido de una coma, a menos que tu respuesta sea más completa.

• Normally, I get up at around at 7 a.m. (Normalmente me levanto alrededor de las 7.)

• On weekends and holidays, I always get up late. (Los fines de semana y en vacaciones, siempre me levanto tarde.)

Exercise 1

REWRITE THE COMPLETE SENTENCE USING THE ADVERB IN BRACKETS IN ITS CORRECT POSITION.

1) He listens to the radio. (Often)

_________________________________________

2) They read a book. (Sometimes)

_________________________________________

3) Pete gets angry. (Never)

_________________________________________

4) Tom is very friendly. (Usually)

_________________________________________

5) I take sugar in my coffee. (Sometimes)

_________________________________________

6) Ramon and Frank are hungry. (Often)

_________________________________________

7) My grandmother goes for a walk in the evening. (Always)

_________________________________________

[40]

8) Walter helps his father in the kitchen. (Usually)

_________________________________________

9) They watch TV in the afternoon. (Never)

_________________________________________

10) Christine smokes. (Never)

_________________________________________

[41]

SECTION 3 VOCABULARY

LEISURE ACTIVITIES

Free time = the time when you are not working, when you can choose what you do.

Free time = leisure time

LEISURE ACTIVITIES

Go to the cinema - to see Hollywood blockbuster movies, Bollywood movies (from India), art films, animated films. You can also say go to the movies.

Some film categories are: Comedy, Drama, Horror, Thriller, Action, Science Fiction (Sci-Fi), Fantasy, Documentary, Musical.

Watch TV - Different types of television programs are: The News, Soap Operas, Criminal Investigation Dramas, Medical Dramas, Reality TV, Situation Comedies (Sit-Coms), Talk Shows, Documentaries, Cartoons, Game Shows, Sports programs, Movies, Political programs, Religious programs.

Spend time with family - You can do many things with your family. Usually, the fact that you are together is more important than the activity.

[42]

Go out with friends - You can also do many things with your friends, like go out to a bar, go dancing at a club, have dinner at a restaurant, play a sport, sit down and talk, go out for a coffee, have a barbecue, or any other activity that you all enjoy. Or sometimes when you don't do anything specific, you can say hang out with friends.

Surf the internet - On the internet, you can research a topic you are interested in using a search engine, visit your favourite websites, watch music videos, create your own video and upload it for other people to see, maintain contact with your friends using a social networking site, write your thoughts in a blog, learn what is happening in the world by reading news websites, etc.

Play video games - You can play games on your computer or on a game consoles, like PlayStation, X-Box, Wii, PSP, Gameboy, etc. You can play on your own or with your friends or family.

Play a musical instrument - Learn to play the piano, guitar, violin, cello, flute, piano accordion, mouth organ, panpipes, clarinet, saxophone, trumpet, etc. You can play on your own or with a group, such as a band or an orchestra.

Listen to music - Turn up the volume and listen to your favourite type of music, such as pop, rock, hip hop, rhythm & blues, blues, jazz, classical, soul, heavy metal.

Read - Many people love to read both fiction and non-fiction books and magazines. If you like fiction, you can read novels, short stories, crime fiction, romance, etc. If you like non-fiction, you can read biographies, autobiographies, or books on history, science, philosophy, religion, or any other topic you are interested in.

Write - Many people like to write in their diary. Another name for a diary is a journal. You can also write many other things, such as poetry, novels, letters, short stories, etc. (See under Read for more options).

Go to the park - You can go to the park alone, with family or with friends. You can take a picnic rug and a picnic basket and have a picnic. You can read, sleep, kick a football around, climb trees or play on the children's playground.

Go to cultural locations and events - There are many types of cultural locations and events. You can go to the museum, to an art gallery or to the zoo to see animals from around the world. You can go to concerts, plays, musicals, dance recitals and opera performances.

Go shopping - Many people like to go to shopping malls and areas of the city that are known for shopping to buy clothes or items for their houses and gardens.

Cook - Many people like to cook different types of food. You can make meals for breakfast, lunch and dinner. You can bake cakes, cookies, slices and pastries in the oven. Some people boast that they have a special recipe - ask them to cook it for you!

[43]

Study something - There are many things that you can study just because you find it interesting! You can study a language; you can learn a skill, such as cooking or making furniture; or you can even study the hieroglyphs of the ancient Egyptians, if you want to!

Art and crafts - There are many, many arts and crafts that you can learn and practice. You can paint, draw, sew, crochet, knit, sculpt, engrave, make furniture, make jewelry, or you can even create your own new art form!

Gardening - You can plant flowers, vegetables or herbs and maintain your garden by watering it, pulling the weeds and feeding it with fertilizer.

Exercise and play a sport - To stay fit and healthy, you can do exercise alone, such as swimming or working out at a gym, or you can play a team sport, such as football or basketball. For more information on sports and exercise, go to our Sports Page.

Exercise 1

COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT WORD FROM THE CHART.

cycle chess photographs dancing a voluntary worker

1.

Maggy would like to be a ballerina. So, she just can't miss her

____________lessons.

2.

It is rainy today. Why don't you play ____________ with your

grandfather?

3.

You take very nice ____________.

[44]

4.

I've bought a little boat. Instead of going for a ____________

ride tomorrow?

5.

I don't have free time anymore. I am ____________ and

after my work, I meet my partners.

VOCABULARY

STUDY

SCHOOL SUBJECTS

Business Studies: Here you learn about how the business world works.

Drama: A class where you can try acting and learn about the theatre.

Economics: Here we learn about how trade, industry and money is organised in the world.

Geography: The study of the world's land, rivers, mountains, weather and how it all works.

History: The study of the past and how past events shaped our world.

Mathematics (alsoMath in USA; Maths in UK):The study of numbers, shapes and spaces.

Physical Education: Learning how to play sports and getting some exercise.

Religious Education / Studies: The study of belief sytems and God.

Science: Usually this subject is taught in three fields:

• Biology: The study of living things like plants, animals and humans. • Chemistry: The study of different substances and how they interact. • Physics: The study of matter and energy and how they affect each other.

[45]

EDUCATION VOCABULARY

Boarding School :(noun) A type of school where students live as well as study.

'During my first few weeks at boarding school I missed my parents a lot.'

Cheat:(verb) to act in a dishonest way to get what you want.

'The student cheated by writing the answers on his hand and looking at them during the test.'

Co-educational:(noun)a school that has both male and female students. A schools for just boys (or girls) is called a single-sex school.

'I think co-educational schools helps students to form better relationships with members of the opposite sex in later life.'

Coursework:(noun) Coursework is the work done by students that contributes towards their overall grade, but which is assessed separately from their final exams. Coursework can, for example, take the form of experimental work, or may involve research. It can comprise of dissertations, reports or essays.

'I get nervous when I take a test. I prefer to do coursework because I have a long time to do it and I can do it at my own pace.'

Enrol:(verb)to enrol means to join a course. In American English it is spelt enroll. The noun form is enrolment (enrollment US)

Exercise 2

COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT WORD FROM THE CHART.

geography cheat qualification enrolled mathematics

1. My favorite subject is ______. I'm very good with numbers.

2. We learn how rivers are formed today in ______.

3. She tries to ______ on her test, but her teacher sees her.

4. Only students who are ______ on this course may enter the classroom.

5. To work for this company you need a university _______.

[46]

BLOQUE 3 MAIN GOAL: BY THE END OF THIS BLOCK, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO DESCRIBE ACTIONS IN PROGRESS USING THE SIMPLE PROGRESSIVE TENSE APPROPRIATELY.

KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED

� PRESENT PROGRESSIVE. � SIMPLE PRESENT AND PRESENT PROGRESSIVE. � VOCABULARY FOR CLOTHING, WEATHER AND BODY

PARTS.

ATTITUDES AND VALUES EMPHASIZED

� Tolerance of cultural difference.

SKILLS ACQUIRED

� Ability to describe action in progress. � Proper use of vocabulary related to clothing, weather and

body.

[47]

LESSON 3

SECTION 1.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (AFFIRMATIVE).

Los tiempos progresivos ("progressive tenses" o "continuous tenses") expresan el "progreso" o desarrollo de una acción en un momento dado. El tiempo presente progresivo ("present progressive") expresa una acción que se está desarrollando en el momento presente, generalmente, una acción temporaria que comenzó hace poco tiempo y que terminará pronto.En inglés, al igual que en español, el tiempo presente progresivo está formado por el verbo auxiliar "be" (ser o estar) conjugado en tiempo presente, más el "present participle" (form + ing) del verbo principal.

Unos ejemplos son:

Sujeto estar/ser present participle

I am eating.

You are working

She/He is playing

They are singing

Las formas del presente progresivo son:

[48]

Exercise 1 Affirmative

USE THE WORDS BELOW TO MAKE SENTENCES IN PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

1) I / to read a book = __________________________

2) it / to rain = __________________________

3) he / to repair his bike = __________________________

4) they / to watch a film = __________________________

5) the cat /to sleep on the chair = __________________________

6) Jane and Emily / to do their homework = __________________________

7) Bill / to wait at the bus stop = __________________________

8) we / to listen to the radio = __________________________

9) the children / to play a game= __________________________

10) Laura / to walk the dog = __________________________

Exercise 2 Negative

PUT IN THE VERB IN BRACKETS INTO THE GAP AND FORM NEGATIVE SENTENCES IN PRESENT PROGRESSIVE. Use long forms of the auxiliaries only.

1) The children questions. (not/to ask)

_____________________________________________

2) Nick to the gym. (not/to go)

_____________________________________________

3) I the door. (not/to open)

_____________________________________________

4) He jokes. (not/to tell)

_____________________________________________

5) The baby now. (not/to cry)

_____________________________________________

6) We a farm. (not/to visit)

_____________________________________________

[49]

7) They the phone. (not/to answer)

_____________________________________________

8) Gerry, Joe and Boris hamburgers. (not/to eat)

_____________________________________________

9) My teacher at the bus stop. (not/to wait)

_____________________________________________

10) The rabbit over the fence. (not/to climb)

_____________________________________________

Exercise 3 Interrogative

COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS WITH THE CORRECT FORM.

1) ___________________ in the lake? (Lisa/to swim)

2) ___________________ your brother? (you/to help)

3) ___________________ a museum? (he/to visit)

4) ___________________ her T-shirt? (Doris/to wash)

5) ___________________ home? (they/to run)

6) ___________________ to the radio? (Henry/to listen)

7) ___________________ the buckets? (the boys/to carry)

8) ___________________ the string of the kite? (she/to hold)

9) ___________________ breakfast? (we/to make)

10) ___________________ the computer? (Ron and Fred/to check)

[50]

SECTION 2.

SIMPLE PRESENT AND PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

La diferencia entre estos dos tiempos es importante acorde a lo que queramos decir. Hasta ahora hemos visto las conjugaciones de ambos y es tiempo de ver los usos que tienen y lo más importante ¿Cuándo usar uno o el otro?

La diferencia más importante radica en si lo que queremos decir es algo en general o si es algo inmediato.

In general or right now?

Do you want to express that something happens in general or that something is happening right now?

Conjugación

Simple Present Present Progressive

in general (regularly, often, never)

Colin plays football every Tuesday.

present actions happening one after another

First Colin plays football, then he watches TV.

right now

Look! Colin is playing football now.

also for several actions happening at the same time

Colin is playing football and Anne is watching.

Signal words(Siempre que en la oración exista una de estas palabras se debe poner el tiempo que le corresponda)

• always • every ... • often • normally • usually • sometimes • seldom • never • first • then

• at the moment • at this moment • today • now • right now • Listen! • Look!

Note: The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present: be, have, hear, know, like, love, see, smell, think, wantEstos verbos no se ponen en ING

[51]

Exercise 1

PUT THE VERBS INTO THE CORRECT TENSE (SIMPLE PRESENT OR PRESENT PROGRESSIVE)

1. Look! He (leave) ______________ the house.

2. Quiet please! I (write) ______________ a test.

3. She usually (walk) ______________ to school.

4. But look! Today she (go) ______________ by bike.

5. Every Sunday we (go) ______________ to see my grandparents.

6. He often (go) ______________ to the cinema.

7. We (play) ______________ Monopoly at the moment.

8. The child seldom (cry) ______________.

9. I (not / do) ______________ anything at the moment.

10. (watch / he) ______________ the news regularly?

SECTION 3.

VOCABULARY FOR CLOTHING

Clothing — Ropa Personal items — Accesorios

personales dress vestido wallet cartera

skirt falda purse monedero

miniskirt minifalda handbag bolso de mano

blouse blusa umbrella paraguas

stockings medias walking stick bastón

tights mallas; medias glasses gafas

socks calcetines earrings pendientes

shoes (a pair of shoes) zapatos (un par de

zapatos) wedding ring anillo de casado

high heels (abreviatura

de high-heeled shoes) tacones altos engagement ring anillo de compromiso

sandals sandalias lipstick pintalabios

stilettos zapato con tacón de

aguja makeup maquillaje

trainers zapatillas de deporte ring anillo

wellingtons botas de agua bracelet brazalete, pulsera

dress vestido necklace collar

[52]

slippers zapatillas piercing piercing

shoelace cordón de zapatos sunglasses gafas de sol

boots botas watch reloj

leather jacket chaqueta de cuero cufflinks gemelos

gloves guantes belt cinturón

vest chaleco lighter mechero, encendedor

underpants calzoncillos keyring llavero

knickers bragas keys llaves

bra sujetador comb cepillo para el pelo

blazer americana hairbrush peine

swimming costume bañador mirror espejo

swimming trunks bañador (para el

hombre) handkerchief pañuelo

pyjamas pijama

Other related words — Otras palabras

relacionadas

nightie (abreviatura de

nightdress) camisõn to wear vestir

dressing gown bata, albornoz to put on ponerse

bikini bikini to take off quitarse

hat sombrero to get dressed vestirse

baseball cap gorra de béisbol to get undressed desvestirse

scarf bufanda button botón

coat abrigo tight ajustado/a

overcoat abrigo loose ancho/a

jacket chaqueta

trousers (a pair of

trousers)

pantalones (un par de

pantalones)

suit traje

shorts pantalones cortos

jeans vaqueros

shirt camisa

tie corbata

t-shirt camiseta

raincoat chubasquero

anorak anorak

pullover jersey

sweater suéter cardigan rebeca jumper jersey

[53]

Exercise 1

WRITE THE NAME OF THE FOLLOWING ITEMS

1. ________________ 2. ________________ 3. ________________

4. ________________ 5. ________________ 6. ________________

7. ________________ 8. ________________ 9. ________________

VOCABULARY FOR WEATHER

Word

Part of speech Meaning Example Sentence

airconditioner/airconditioning

noun

an appliance that cools down

the air in a home or building

The air conditioner keeps the

office nice and comfortable

even when it's very hot outside.

avalanche

noun

a dangerous slide of snow down

a mountain

The skiers were warned about a

possible avalanche.

below freezing

preposition/adjective

temperature less than 0 degrees

Celsius/(32F)

It's supposed to go below

freezing before the weekend.

blizzard

noun

a storm with lots of snow and

wind

The airplane couldn't take-off

because of the blizzard.

boiling hot

adjective + noun

common expression for

describing a very hot day

It was boiling hot, so we all

jumped into the lake.

breeze

noun light wind

Don't bother with a hat. There is

always a breeze near the ocean.

Celsius

noun

measurement of temperature (0

degrees is freezing/100 is

boiling)

In the summer, the average

temperature here is 20 degrees

Celsius.

chilly cold It's a bit chilly today, so I think

[54]

adjective you should wear a coat.

cloud/cloudy

noun/adjective

water in the sky that appears as

a white or grey mass

It may look cloudy in the

morning, but the sun always

comes out by afternoon.

cold spell

adjective + noun

a period of colder than average

weather

They're calling for a cold spell,

so we put off our camping trip.

cool

adjective

temperature in between warm

and cold

The days were boiling hot, but

the nights were cool and

comfortable for sleeping.

degrees

noun measurement for temperature

I don't feel the heat until it's

about forty degrees Celsius

outside.

drizzling

continuous verb raining slightly

I think I'll take the dog for a

walk. It's only drizzling now.

drought

noun a long period with no rainfall

Forest fires are a serious danger

during a drought.

Fahrenheit

noun

measurement of temperature

(32 degrees is freezing/212 is

boiling)

It was 100 degrees Fahrenheit

when we got to San Francisco.

flood

noun overflow of rain water

The flood was so bad, our

basement was full of water.

flurries

noun very light snowfall There are a few flurries but the

snow isn't sticking to the roads.

fog/foggy

noun/adjective

thick water vapor that blocks

one's vision

We couldn't see the bridge

because there was too much

fog.

forecast

noun/verb

the expected weather for the

future

According to the 5 day forecast,

it's going to rain on our wedding

day.

freezing cold

adjective + noun

common expression used to

describe a very cold day

It was a freezing cold day for

the Santa Claus parade.

frost

noun ice crystals on a frozen surface

Some flowers are so strong they

can withstand frost.

frostbite

noun

a skin condition caused by over

exposure to the cold (typically

reddish skin with white spots)

I lost my hat while I was skiing,

and I ended up with frostbite on

my ears.

hail

noun

small pieces of ice that fall

during a storm

There was so much hail that

some of the trailer homes were

destroyed.

heat stroke

noun

a flu-like condition one can

acquire after spending too long

in the sun

Bring lots of water and wear a

hat to avoid heat stroke in this

weather.

heat-wave

noun

extremely hot weather that is

much higher than average--

usually lasts a short time

During the heat-wave we

cooled our beds down with ice

packs.

humid/humidity

adjective/noun moisture in the air

It feels a lot hotter than it

actually is because of the

humidity.

hurricane a tropical storm with very Half of the buildings on the

[55]

noun strong wind and rain island were flattened by the

hurricane.

icy

adjective slippery because of ice

The roads are icy so please

avoid driving down any hills.

lightning

noun

electrical discharge and flash

between a cloud and the ground

The outdoor pool always closes

when the lifeguards think

lightning is coming.

mild

adjective

temperature that is warmer

than average(in a cold season)

It's quite mild out so I didn't

bother with a hat or mittens.

meteorologist

noun

a person who studies weather

patterns

The meteorologist predicted

that the cold spell would be

over by now.

minus/negative

adjective

indicates that a temperature is

below zero

It was minus twenty degrees at

the top of the skil hill.

overcast

adjective no sun is visible

The sky is overcast this morning,

but the sun is supposed to come

out by late afternoon.

partly cloudy

adverb + adjective

term often used in a weather

forecast to indicate that the

skies are sunny and cloudy at

the same time

Tomorrow's forecast is partly

cloudy with clear skies by

nightfall.

precipitation

noun

rain or snow that falls on an

area

There is very little precipitation

in the desert.

puddle

noun collection of rain water

Children love to splash in

puddles when they are wearing

rubber boots.

rain/raining/rainy

noun/continuous verb/adjective water that falls to earth

My hair is all wet and messy

from the rain.

raindrop

noun a single measurement of rain

I love catching raindrops on my

tongue.

rainbow

noun

a band of colours found in the

sky after a rainfall

According to legend you can

find a pot of gold at the end of a

rainbow.

raining cats and dogs

idiom raining heavily

They cancelled the football

game because it was raining

cats and dogs.

scorching/a scorcher

adjective/noun

extremely hot temperature/a

very hot day

It was a scorcher, so the whole

family slept in the cool

basement.

season

noun

time of year characterized by

certain weather

Winter,Spring,Summer,Fall (or

Autumn)

My favorite season is Fall,

because I love to watch the

leaves changing colours.

shower

noun quick/light rainstorm

They've been calling for

showers all week, but so far it's

been dry.

sleet(similar to hail)

noun rain that freezes as it falls

All-weather-tires are best if you

have to drive in sleet.

slush/slushy snow on the ground that has The snow turned to slush as

[56]

noun/adjective been rained on soon as it started to rain.

smog

noun

heavy,dark cloud cover caused

by pollution

You really notice the smog

downtown in this type of

humidity.

snow/snowy/snowing

noun/adjective/ continuous verb

frozen water that warms slightly

as it falls to earth

It is already snowing up in the

mountains, so the ski season

should be great this year.

snowstorm

noun

large amounts of wind and

snow

All of the schools were closed

because of the snowstorm.

sun/sunshine/sunny

noun/noun/adjective

the gassy star that warms the

earth

We hope to have sunshine on

the day of the beach picnic.

sunburn

noun

painful red/pink skin caused by

being in the sun too long

The bald man got a sunburn on

his head.

sunglasses/shades

noun

dark eyewear that protects you

from the sun

I forgot my shades and I was

driving right into the sun.

suntan/tanned

noun(also verb)/adjective(also

verb)

brown/golden skin caused by

long periods of sun exposure

I got a suntan on the cruise, but

it has already faded away.

sunscreen/suntan lotion

noun

cream that protects your skin

from sun damage

Don't forget to reapply your

sunscreen when you get out of

the lake.

temperature

noun how warm or cold the air is

Can you check the temperature

before we get dressed for our

walk?

thermometer

noun instrument for measuring the

temperature of the air

When I checked the

temperature this morning, the

thermometer said it was

already thirty degrees Celsius.

thunder/thunderstor

m

noun

thunder is a loud noise after

lightning, caused by rapid

expansion of air superheated by

the lightning

Let's close all of the windows. It

looks like a thunderstorm is

coming.

tornado/cyclone

noun violently spinning windstorm

The tornado picked up

everything in its path, including

animals and cars.

umbrella

noun held over one's head and body

for rain protection

I always keep an umbrella in my

car in case of rain.

UV (ultra violet) rays

noun the damaging rays from the sun

Ultra violet rays can cause skin

cancer if you don't wear

sunscreen.

wind/windy

noun/adjective blowing air outside It's too windy to play golf today.

wind chill factor

noun

when the wind makes the air

feel colder than the actual

temperature

It's minus two, but with the

wind chill factor it's minus

fifteen.

Exercise 2

WRITE THE NAME OF THE FOLLOWING WEA

1. ________________

4. ________________

7. ________________

[57]

WRITE THE NAME OF THE FOLLOWING WEATHER CONDITIONS

2. ________________ 3. ________________

5. ________________ 6. ________________

______________

______________

[58]

VOCABULARY FOR THE BODY

LEG - PIERNA ARM - BRAZO ankle tobillo elbow codo buttock nalga finger dedo calf pantorrilla fingertip yema del dedo femur fémur fist puño foot, feet pie, pies forearm antebrazo heel talón hand mano heelbone calcáneo humerus húmero instep empeine index finger índice knee rodilla knuckle nudillo kneecap rótula little finger meñique metatarsus metatarso middle finger dedo medio patella rótula nail uña phalanges falanges palm palma de la mano shin canilla phalanx falange shinbone tibia ring finger anular splint bone peroné radius radio tarsus tarso second phalanx falangina thigh muslo shoulder hombro thighbone fémur third phalanx falangeta toe dedo del pie thumb pulgar ulna cúbito

HEAD - CABEZA upper arm brazo bags under the eyes

ojeras wrist muñeca

beard barba brain cerebro TRUNK - TRONCO canine tooth colmillo abdomen abdomen cheek mejilla armpit axila chin mentón back espalda crinkles pequeñas arrugas belly vientre crow's feet patas de gallo bladder vejiga dimple hoyuelo breasts pechos ear oreja chest pecho eye ojo groin ingle eyebrow ceja heart corazón eyelash pestaña hip cadera eyelid párpado kidney riñón forehead frente liver hígado freckle peca lung pulmón gum encía loins zona lumbar hair cabello navel ombligo hard palate paladar duro nipple pezón incisors incisivos spleen bazo

[59]

lips labios stomach estómago lower jaw mandíbula inferior thorax tórax lower lip labio inferior waist cintura molars molares moustache bigote SKELETON - ESQUELETO mouth boca backbone columna vertebral neck cuello breast bone esternón nose nariz carpal carpo nostrils agujeros de la nariz clavicle, collarbone clavícula palate paladar eye socket cuenca del ojo premolars premolares femur fémur pupil pupila hipbone ilion sideboards (GB) patillas humerus húmero sideburns (US) patillas kneecap rótula tongue lengua mandible mandíbula tonsil amígdala pelvis pelvis tooth, teeth diente, dientes phalanx falange throat garganta radius radio upper jaw mandíbula superior rib costilla upper lip labio superior scapula omóplato uvula campanilla shinbone tibia wisdom tooth muela de juicio shoulder blade omóplato wrinkles arrugas skull cráneo spine columna vertebral sternum esternón

Exercise 3

WRITE THE NAME OF THE FOLLOWING PARTS OF THE BODY

1. ___________________ 2. ___________________ 3. ___________________

4. ___________________ 5. ___________________ 6. ___________________

[60]

7. ___________________ 8. ___________________ 9. __________________

10. __________________ 11. _________________ 12. __________________

13. __________________ 14. _________________ 15. __________________

[61]

BLOQUE 4 MAIN GOAL: BY THE END OF THIS BLOCK, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS AND MANAGE PLURALS IN ENGLISH APPROPRIATE.

KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED

� Countable nouns and uncountable nouns. � How much and how many. � Wh questions

ATTITUDES AND VALUES EMPHASIZED

� Tolerance of cultural difference.

SKILLS ACQUIRED

� Ability to describe plurals correctly.

[62]

LESSON 4

SECTION 1

COUNTABLE NOUNS AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Countable Nouns (Los nombres contables)

Los nombres o sustantivos contables son aquellos que se pueden contar.

• Ejemplos:

one [a] pencil (un lápiz)

two cats(dos gatos)

three houses(tres casas)

Nombres contables tienen una forma plural:

• Ejemplos:

egg/eggs (huevo/s)

bicycle/bicycles(bicicleta/s)

dress/dresses(vestido/s)

Se puede usar "a" o "an" con nombres contables en singular:

o Ejemplos:

an apple (una manzana)

a house (una casa)

Se pueden usar números delante de un contable:

• Ejemplos:

three apples(tres manzanas)

five houses(cinco casas)

[63]

Uncountable Nouns (Los nombres incontables)

Los nombres o sustantivos incontables son aquellos que no podemos contar porque

no los podemos delimitar individualmente sino que forman parte de un todo. Son

tratados como singulares (no se pueden hacer plurales añadiendo '-s').

Algunos ejemplos son:

salt(sal),

wood(madera),

tea(té),

wine(vino),

sugar(azúcar),

bread(pan),

furniture(muebles),

hair(pelo),

information(información),

money(dinero),

weather(tiempo),

time(tiempo),

rice(arroz)

Sin embargo, en el momento que los delimitamos, estos mismos nombres o sustantivos pasan a ser contables. Deberán ir precedidos, si quieren individualizarse, de alguna palabra con valor partitivo.

• Ejemplos:

agram of salt (un gramo de sal)

apiece of wood (un trozo de madera)

twocups of tea (dos tazas de té)

threeglasses of wine (tres vasos de vino)

[64]

Nombres incontables no tienen una forma plural:

rice(arroz)

• Rices

milk(leche)

• Milks

No podemos usar números delante de un incontable:

• two rices

Exercise 1

WRITE COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE FOR THE FOLLOWING ITEMS. .

1. Time __________________________

2. Books __________________________

3. Sugar __________________________

4. Milk __________________________

5. Pens __________________________

6. Hair __________________________

7. Chairs __________________________

8. Meat __________________________

9. Butter __________________________

10. Pencils __________________________

11. Bread __________________________

12. Jam __________________________

13. Friends __________________________

14. Fingers __________________________

15. Flour __________________________

16. Apples __________________________

17. Oil __________________________

18. Cars __________________________

[65]

19. Salt __________________________

20. Houses __________________________

21. Cheese __________________________

22. Rice __________________________

23. Tea __________________________

24. Games __________________________

25. Tomatoes __________________________

26. Cream __________________________

27. Honey __________________________

28. Carrots __________________________

SECTION 2.

HOW MUCH AND HOW MANY.

En ingles cuando queremos preguntar acerca de la cantidad de un sustantivo incontable, usamos la estructura:

“How much + sustantivo + is there?

Ejemplo: How much milk is there? = ¿cuánta leche hay?

En las respuestas se puede usar un partitivo no específico como; a lot (un montón), a little (un poco), none (nada), some (algo).

Ejemplo: How much milk is there? = There is a little.

¿Cuánta leche hay? hay un poco

O por el contrario podemos usar partitivos específicos de unidad o medida o peso para especificar las cantidades;

Ejemplo: How much milk is there? = There is a litre, there is a bottle, etc.

¿Cuánta leche hay? Hay un litro, una botella, etc.

Si queremos preguntar acerca de la cantidad de un sustantivo contable, usamos la estructura:

“ How many + sustantivo + are there?

[66]

Ejemplo: How many oranges are there? = ¿Cuantas naranjas hay?

En las respuestas se usa: a lot (un monton), a few (unas pocas), too many, (demasiadas), o none (ninguna), some (algunas), si queremos especificar cantidades entonces usamos partitivos contables del tipo; un kilo, un litro, un paquete, una bolsa, one, two, etc.

How much y how many se usan para preguntas en general acerca de cosas, cuando queremos que se nos indique las cantidades que hay, entonces how much y how many van acompañados de is there o are there.

Ejemplos: How much water is there? = There is 1 litre.

How many students are there? = There are eleven students in class.

También existe otra forma de preguntar cuando no estamos seguros de si hay algo o no,

y es usando:

Is there + any + sustantivo (para incontables) o

Are there + any + sustantivos (para contables)

Ejemplo: Is there any bread? - ¿Hay algo de pan?

Yes, there is - Si hay

Are there any apples? - ¿Hay alguna manzana?

Yes there are - Si hay

Si quieres especificar la cantidad o cantidades, pues usas there is o there are + partitivo(s)

Ejemplo: There is a loaf of bread. Hay una barra de pan.

There are two loaves of bread. Hay dos barras de pan.

There is an apple. Hay una manzana.

There are three apples. Hay tres manzanas.

Apuntes especiales.

En inglés los líquidos, materias y substancias son incontables, en este apartado debemos de incluir a los siguientes sustantivos que son incontables en inglés:

Money – dinero

Fruit – fruta

[67]

Bread – pan

Time – tiempo

Chocolate – chocolate

Meat – carne

Beef - carne (vacuna)

Exercise 1

WRITE THE CORRECT ANSWER WITH HOW MUCH AND HOW MANYACCORDING TO THE QUESTION. 1. We need some tea. ______ do we need? 2. We need some eggs. ______ do we need? 3. We need some paper. ______ do we need? 4. ______ cigarettes do you smoke a day? 5. ______ packets of cigarettes do you have?

SECTION 3.

WH QUESTIONS

WH questions ask for information. They are different than Yes/No questions.

There are 6 different WH question words:

STRUCTURE

WH questions in simple present use “do” or “be”:

WH Questions with "do" WH + DO/DOES + SUBJECT + VERB

[68]

Examples:

• Where do you work? • Where does she live? • When do you wake up?

WH Questions with "be"

WH + BE + SUBJECT

Examples:

• Where are you from? • Who is that man? • When is your class?

WH Questions are similar to YES/NO questions except they have WH words at the start. Examples:

• Are you from Canada? • Where are you from?

Here are some example questions and answers:

• Where are you from? • I am from Japan.

• What is your name? • My name is Jacob.

• When do you wake up? • I wake up at 7:30 am.

• Why are you angry? • I am angry because I did not pass my exam.

[69]

Exercise 1

COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH THE APPROPRIATE WH QUESTION WORD.

1. _________ do you live?

I live in Toronto.

2. _________ do you wake up?

I wake up at 7:30 am.

3. _________ is your brother?

He is great, thanks for asking.

4. _________ is this?

That's my electronic dictionary.

5. _________ do you take English class?

Because I want to improve my speaking.