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1. S abra este caderno quando o fiscalautorizar.

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TEXTOPARAASQUESTESDE01A06

WASHINGTONAcopyrightlawsuitthatcouldhavebroughtsomeoftheworldsmostfamoussuperheroestotheSupremeCourthasbeensettledoutofcourt.

Three days before the justices were to considerhearingthecase,lawyersforMarvelEntertainmentandthechildrenoffamedcartoonistJackKirbyaskedthatthecasebedismissed.

Thelastminutesettlementendsacasethatinvolvedsome of the industrys most superhuman characters,including The Hulk, The Fantastic Four, XMen, Thor andCaptainAmerica.

TheyareamongthecharactersdrawnbyJackKirbyinhissmokefilledbasementforMarvelComicsmorethan50yearsago.TheyhelpedtransformthecompanyintoMarvelEntertainment,whichwasboughtbyWaltDisneyCo.in2009for$4.2billion.

Kirbys four children had asked for a share of theprofitshissuperheroescontinuetoattractinalltheirformsranging from toys, cartoons and video games to the$1.5billiongrossing film TheAvengers and the traveling stageshowMarvelUniverseLive.

Thecolorfulcopyrightcasewasamongabout2,000thatpiledupduringthesummer,whilethecourtwasoutofsession.Itschances,likealltherest,wereslimbutKirbyscharactershadfacedlongoddsbefore.

Under federal copyright law, Captain America andcolleagues are considered to be works made for hire,commissioned and paid for byMarvel. Inmost copyrightcases, authors and artists can assert their rights after 56yearsbutnotiftheywereworksmadeforhire.

The Kirbys argued that their father was anindependentcontractorand,attheveryleast,acocreatoroftheactionheroesalongwithStanLee,thewriterandeditorwhogavevoicetoKirbysdrawings.Iftheyhadwon,Marvelwouldhavelosttheexclusiverightstothecharacters.

Kirbyskinwerenotalone intheirquesttohavethejusticestakethecaseandreversethe lowercourts.Amongthose sidingwith themwere the Screen ActorsGuild andunions representingdirectorsandwriters,who claim theirrightshavebeen strippedunder the workmade forhiretest.

USAToday,September26,2014.Adaptado.

01

Deacordocomotexto,aao judicialreferenteadireitosautoraisdeobrasdeJackKirby,dentreoutrosaspectos,a) colocouemdisputa jurdicaaempresadeStanLeeea

famliadocartunista.b) alcanouacordoentreaspartessemanecessidadede

avaliaodaSupremaCorte.c) representouaaodemaioralcanceenvolvendosuper

herisnorteamericanos.d) revelousemodelonombitodaleidedireitosautorais

naindstriadeentretenimento.e) reivindicouosdireitosdaScreenActorsGuildsobreos

superherisHulk,XMen,ThoreCapitoAmrica.

02

Otextoinformaque,deacordocomaleifederaldedireitosautorais,aobraartsticadeautoriadeJackKirbya) exclusivamentedosfilhosdoartista.b) apresentadireitosseparados,considerandomaisdeuma

categoria.c) pertenceavriosestdiosdecinemanorteamericanos.d) reguladapelaimplacvelpolticadedefesadedireitos

deimagemdaWaltDisney.e) submetese ao sistema do chamado trabalho sob

encomenda.

03

Conformeotexto,aaojudicialapresentada,dentreoutrostermos,a) busca reverter o contrato de encomenda de parte da

obradoartistaporinstituiessemfinslucrativos.b) refuta a titularidade dos direitos do autor no que diz

respeitoaotipodeobraencomendada.c) alega que o contrato para produo de obra

comissionadasofreumudanasnosltimos50anos.d) reivindicapartedoslucrosadvindosdosvriosprodutos

ligadosproduoartsticadeJackKirby.e) questionaalegitimidadedosrendimentosprovenientes

dacomercializaodofilmeTheAvengers.

04

Consideradanocontexto,aexpressoverbalbedismissed,na sentena the children of famed cartoonist Jack Kirbyaskedthatthecasebedismissed(L.57),indicaa) afirmaohipottica.b) acontecimentofuturo.c) declaraocontraditria.d) aorepetida.e) eventopassado.

05

Um possvel sinnimo para o termo colorful (L. 22),empregado no texto para qualificar o caso de direitosautoraisemquesto,a) interesting.b) rare.c) new.d) broad.e) relevant.

06

Considerada no contexto, a expresso at the very least(L.32)podesertraduzidapor

a) demodoalgum.b) nomaistardar.c) emltimograu.d) pelomenos.e) semlimite.

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A law firm is solicitingangryTesco shareholders toparticipate in a lawsuit against the UKs biggest retailerfollowing the accounting scandal which wiped billions ofpoundsoffthecompanysstockmarketvalue.

Stewarts Law said the legal action would seek toestablish whether shareholders were entitled tocompensation for financial losses suffered after Tescosadmissionthatithadoverstatedfirsthalfprofitsby263m.TheclaimwillallegethatdirectorsandseniormanagementkneworwererecklessastowhetherTescosstatementstothemarketwereuntrueormisleading.

Tesco isalso facingpotential legalaction in theUSwhere several law firms are trying tomuster support forclaims.

InSeptemberTescosnewchiefexecutive,DaveLewis,toldtheCitythatawhistleblowerhadprovidedevidencethatpointedtoaccountingirregularities.ThecompanyisnowthesubjectofaSeriousFraudOfficeinvestigation.

Stewarts Law is already acting formore than 300institutional shareholderswho got their fingers burned inRoyalBankofScotlandscontroversial12bnrightsissuein2008. The Tesco lawsuit is being bankrolled by BenthamEurope,anoffshootofAustraliangroupIMFBenthamwhichspecialisesinfundinglitigation.

Investorsneedtoownorhaveownedatleast10,000Tescosharesaholdingthatwouldhavebeenworthmorethan20,000before the scandalwasunearthed to takepart. For the claim to proceed a sufficient number ofshareholderswillneedtojointheaction,thefirmsaid,withaclosingdateof23Januarytocomeforward.

ShareholdersoughttobeabletoallocatecapitalontheLondonStockExchangeassumingearningsarenotbeingmisstated,saidJohnWalker,managingdirectorofBenthamEurope.When therehasbeenamaterialmisallocationofcapitalduetomisstatedearnings,compensationoughttobepaid.

TheGuardian,25November,2014.Adaptado.

07

Deacordocomotexto,aempresabritnicaTescoa) est sendo processada, juntamente com outras

empresasdomesmoramo.b) corre o risco de sofrer ao judicial por parte de

acionistasquesesentiramlesados.c) anunciou,emnotaoficial,planode reduode custos

parasobrevivercrise.d) negou estar sendo objeto de extorso para bloquear

dividendos.e) sinalizou com aumento de nmero de aes

disponibilizadasnomercado.

08

Segundo o texto, no que tange situao financeira daTesco,seudiretorexecutivo,DaveLewis,

a) solicitouumaauditoriaparaverificarosnveisdecustodesdesetembro.

b) tomoua iniciativaderequererpareceraorgooficialSeriousFraudOffice.

c) admitiu a existncia de irregularidades contbeis naempresa.

d) decidiuverificarodestinodepartedosmilhesdelibrasfaturadospelacompanhia.

e) tentou acalmar o mercado, anunciando choque degesto.

09

O escritriode advocacia Stewarts Law mencionadonotexto,noqueconcerneempresaTesco,porcontadeaojudicial a ser movida, com o objetivo de, entre outrosaspectos,

a) provar que o gerenciamento da empresa provocouqueda ininterruptados lucros,noperodode janeiroasetembro.

b) acusaros administradoresda instituiode colocarememprticaplanoparaencerrarasatividadescomerciais.

c) apresentar evidncias de quemembros da cpula daempresa tinham conhecimento da natureza infiel dasdeclaraesaomercado.

d) buscarcompensaopordanosmoraisefinanceirosparaosmaisde300acionistasarroladosnaao.

e) convencer a justia britnica a se juntar norteamericanaparaconstituremumprocessoconjunto.

10

Notexto,amenoaobancoRoyalBankofScotlandservecomo

a) exemplo de ao judicial liderada pelo escritrio deadvocaciaStewartsLaw.

b) indicao da eficcia da justia britnica em casos defraudefinanceira.

c) amostra da necessidade de pressionar grandesorganizaespormeiosjudiciais.

d) modelo de jurisprudncia a ser imitado por outrosescritriosdeadvocacia.

e) ilustraodoenvolvimentodainstituiofinanceiracomaempresaTesco.

11

Consideradoocontexto,umdostermosquerepresentam,em certamedida, uma avaliao da conduta da empresaTesco

a) angry(L.1).b) biggestretailer(L.2).c) misleading(L.11).d) controversial(L.21).e) bankrolled(L.22).

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12

Nocontexto,overbototakepart(L.2728)refereseaa) StewartsLaw(L.19).b) RoyalBankofScotland(L.21).c) IMFBentham(L.23).d) Investors(L.25).e) holding(L.26).


TinyUruguaymaynotseema likelyfront line inthe

warofthequitsmokingbrigadeagainstBigTobacco.ButtheLatinAmericancountryhasunwittinglyfound

itselfnotjustinthethickofthatbattle,butinthemiddleofan even bigger fight that of the rising opposition tointernationalfreetradedeals.

PhilipMorrisissuingUruguayforincreasingthesizeofthehealthwarningsoncigarettepacks,andforclampingdownontobaccocompaniesuseofsubbrandslikeMarlboroRed,Gold,BlueorGreen,which couldgive the impressionsomecigarettesaresafetosmoke.

Thetobaccobehemothistakingitslegalactionunderthe terms of a bilateral trade agreement betweenSwitzerland where itrelativelyrecentlymovedfromtheUSandUruguay.ThetradedealhasatitsheartaprovisionallowingSwissmultinationalstherighttosuetheUruguayanpeople if they bring in legislation that will damage theirprofits.

Thelitigationisallowedtobedoneintribunalsknownasinternationalstatedisputesettlements(ISDS),ruleduponby lawyers under the auspices of the World TradeOrganisation.

Such an ISDS agreement is also core to the EUsplanned Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership(TTIP)treatybeingnegotiatedwiththeUS.ThecriticsofTTIPfear the tribunalswill seeUSmultinationals sueEuropeangovernmentsinsuchareasasregulatingtobacco,healthandsafety,andqualitycontrols.

TheMarlboromakerissuingUruguayoveritsdecisiontoincreasethesizeofhealthwarningsoncigarettepacketsfrom50percentofthecoverto80percent.

Last week, Uruguay filed its 500page defence,claiming that its government has a right and a duty tosafeguard the health and wellbeing of its citizens and iscomplyingwith international treatieson tobacco controls.The defence cites Uruguays obligations under theWorldHealth Organisations 2005 Framework Convention onTobacco Control which has now been signed up to andenacted by nearly 200 countries and includesrecommendationsforhealthwarningsonpacks.

TheIndependent,21October,2014.Adaptado.

13

Conformeotexto,aaojudicialmovidapelaempresaPhilipMorriscontraoUruguai,dentreoutrosargumentos,acusaopasdea) privilegiar certas marcas de cigarro que seriam

consideradasmenosperigosas.b) recusarse a cumprir acordos firmados nas reas de

sadeesegurana.c) diminuirotamanhodospacotesdecigarroemmaisde

cinquentaporcento.d) exagerar nas crticas empresa em propagandas

governamentaisantifumo.e) adotarmedidasparaimpedirasempresasdetabacode

usaremsubmarcas.

14

Segundootexto,constituiumdosargumentosdoUruguai,parasedefenderdasalegaesdaaojudiciala) adiminuiodoscustoscomsadepblicaparahomens

adultos.b) aobservnciadetratadosinternacionaisdecontrolede

tabaco.c) a criao de polticas de intimidao dos pases

fabricantesdecigarro.d) a reao desencadeada pelasmedidas de boicote da

indstrianorteamericana.e) ofatodeaumentosexorbitantesserempraticadospela

empresaPhilipMorris.

15

Apartirda leiturado texto,possvel inferirqueumdosaspectosnegativosdoacordodeParceriaTransatlnticadeComrcio e Investimento (Transatlantic Trade andInvestmentPartnership(TTIP))entreaUnioEuropeiaeosEstadosUnidosdaAmricaa) a existncia de quebra de protecionismo relativo a

investidoresnospasesenvolvidos.b) oaumentodeprocessosmorososnossistemasjudiciais

decadapas.c) a criao de um sistema jurdico paralelo e o

enfraquecimentodossistemaseuropeus.d) a possibilidade de uma multinacional processar um

Estadoondeatua.e) asubmissodajustiaeuropeiaatribunaissecretosea

advogadospoderosos.

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16

Deacordo como texto,noUruguai,osavisosdealertasadepresentesnasembalagensdecigarroa) inibemasvendasdecigarrosparaosdemaispasesda

AmricaLatina.b) substituemos logotiposdas empresasde cigarromais

famosas.c) atendemaumarecomendaodaOrganizaoMundial

daSade.d) tm por funo chocar crticos contrrios smedidas

restritivasaofumo.e) incluem fotosmenos grotescas do que as usadas em

outrospases.

17

Notexto,aexpressoquemelhorrepresentaocarterdepoderdaindstriadetabacoemlitgiocomoUruguaia) unwittingly(L.3).b) inthethickof(L.4).c) clampingdownon(L.89).d) behemoth(L.12).e) controls(L.35).

18

No texto, o termo tiny (L. 1), em relao ao Uruguai,referesea) smedidasagressivasdeperseguioaohbitodefumar

poreleadotadas.b) asuacapacidadedesedefenderlegalmente.c) asuaextensogeogrfica.d) ao graude aprovaodo seu governono combate ao

fumo.e) ao risco de ele romper relaes comerciais com os

EstadosUnidosdaAmrica.


AlajosKisswasdiagnosedwithmanicdepression in1991, but hewas only placed under partial guardianshipfifteenyears laterafterengaging inpropertydisputeswithhisstepfather.AHungariancourtfoundthatKisslivedaloneandtookcareofhimselfadequately,yet it restrictedhislegal capacity on the ground that he sometimeswastedmoney in an irresponsible fashion and was occasionallyaggressive.According to the thenHungarianConstitutiononly persons with full legal capacity were permitted toparticipate in political processes. Consequently, Kiss wasstruckfromtheelectoral listandbarredfromvoting intheensuingnationalelectionsasanautomaticconsequenceofhis placement. Unsuccessful in challenging thisdisenfranchisementatalocaldistrictcourt,KissbroughtanapplicationtotheEuropeanCourtofHumanRightsECtHR.

Neitherpartydisputedtheunderlyingfacts;thus,thecentral issuewaswhetherdisenfranchisementarisingfrom

guardianshipwascompatiblewiththemanifesthumanandcivil right to vote. According to the ECtHRs establishedinterpretation,suffrageisnotabsoluteandcanberestrictedbymeasures that pursue a legitimate state aim and areproportional in effect. The Court accepted Hungarysargumentthatdevisingaruletoexcludethoseincapableofassessingtheconsequencesoftheirdecisionsprotectedtheintegrity of the electoral system, but did not address theunderlyingassumption that individualsunderguardianshipwereincapableperseofresponsiblepoliticalchoices.

Inassessing theproportionalityof the interference,theECtHRestablishedanumberoffactorstobeconsidered.It rejectedHungarys assertion that states should enjoy awidemarginofappreciation in regulatingelectoralaffairs.Instead,theECtHRruledthatundertheEuropeanConventionon Human Rights the mentally disabled comprised aparticularlyvulnerablegroupsuchthatrestrictionsontheirrightsmustbejustifiedbyveryweightyreasons.Moreover,because a significant proportion of the Hungarianpopulation of voting age was under guardianship at therelevant time and adversely impacted by the measure,Hungarywasnotentitledtoawidemarginofappreciationinitsapplication.

FialaButora,J.;Stein,M.A.;Lord,J.E.TheDemocraticLifeoftheUnion:TowardEqualVotingParticipationforEuropeanswithDisabilities.

HarvardInternationalLawJournal,2014.Adaptado.

19

De acordo com o texto, o cidado Alajos Kiss teve seusdireitos legais limitados por um tribunal hngaro, dentreoutrasrazes,a) por ele terse envolvido em episdio de agresso ao

padrasto.b) diante da sua recusa de se apresentar para percia

mdicaperidica.c) devidoaoresultadodeavaliaomdicaque,em1991,

odiagnosticoucomdepresso.d) emrazodetersidocolocadosobatuteladeparentes. e) porserconsiderado,emcertamedida,perdulrio.

20

Conformeotexto,emrelaoaocasoAlajosKissv.Hungria,aCorteEuropeiadeDireitosHumanosa) entendeu que a proibio ao voto poderia abalar a

garantiaderealizaodeeleiesfuturasnopas.b) reconheceu a inadequao da medida estatal de

restrio de direitos, por poder repercutir de formainjustasobreumgrupovulnervel.

c) considerou injustificada a deciso de incluir Kiss noprogramadetutelaparcialemcarterpermanente.

d) criticouajustiahngara,emrelaofaltadecritriosdefinidosparaavaliargrausdedeficinciamental.

e) admitiu como legtima a identificao de aspectosgenricosedeficientesnalei.

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21

Segundootexto,noqueserefereaodireitoavoto,AlajosKissrecorreuCorteEuropeiadeDireitosHumanoscomoobjetivodea) pleitearseudireitocomocidadodepoderseabsterdas

eleiesnacionais.b) reverter adecisodo governohngarode classificlo

comoincapazparatrabalharnaseleiespresidenciais.c) forarocartrioeleitoraldeseudistritoareconsiderar

decisodetornloinelegvelnopleitolegislativo.d) apresentar pedido de reviso judicial de sua condio

mental,considerandoseosquinzeanosdetratamentopsiquitrico.

e) contestar o entendimento constitucional, no queconcerneproibiodevotoparapessoassobtuteladoEstadohngaro.

22

O texto informaque, ao avaliaros argumentosda justiahngara sobre o caso Kiss, a Corte Europeia de DireitosHumanosa) deixou de abordar o pressuposto de que indivduos

tuteladossoincapazesdeassumirescolhaspolticas,deformaresponsvel.

b) adiouodebatesobrearevisodecritriosparadefinirindivduossobtutelaintegral.

c) recuoudadecisodeestipularformasdecompensaoparacasossemelhantesrelativosprivaodedireitoaovoto.

d) refutou a ideia de estabelecer processo demonitoramento na Hungria, em aes envolvendoexclusodepessoasemprocessoseleitorais.

e) mostrouserelutanteemconsiderarjurisprudncia,combase em decises tomadas por tribunais de outrospases.

23

No texto, o termo Neither (L. 16) faz referncia aosagentesa) AlajosKissepadrasto.b) TribunalhngaroefamiliaresdeAlajosKiss.c) GovernohngaroeCorteEuropeiadeDireitosHumanos.d) AlajosKisseEstadohngaro.e) Conveno Europeia de Direitos Humanos e justia

hngara.

24

No texto,o termo then,no trecho the thenHungarianConstitution(L.8),dideiadea) consequncia.b) tempo.c) comparao.d) espao.e) repetio.


[B]etterthattenguiltypersonsescape,thanthatoneinnocent suffer isperhaps themost reveredadage in thecriminal law, exalted by judges and scholars alike as acardinal principle of AngloAmerican jurisprudence. Ofcourse,noonemaintainsthatoursystemproducesexactlytenfalseacquittalsforeveryfalseconvictionnordomanyholdthatoutasaseriousgoal.

Themaxim isasloganmeanttoconveyamessagequicklyandmemorably,standingforamoregeneralrule,which Ill call the Blackstone principle: in distributingcriminalpunishment,wemuststronglyerr infavoroffalsenegatives(failurestoconvicttheguilty)inordertominimizefalsepositives(convictionsoftheinnocent),evenifdoingsosignificantly decreases overall accuracy. As Richard Fallonputs it:Errorsthatresult intheconvictionofthe innocentare more morally disturbing than errors that result inacquittalsoftheguilty.Inlightofthatassessment,wehaveadoptedasystemthatminimizesthemostmorallygrievouserrors,evenifthatsystemleadstomoreofthelessgrievouserrors, and indeed to more total errors, than would analternative.

Commentators and jurists frequently affirm theimportanceofthisideaanduseittoexplainprodefendantproceduralasymmetries.

Yetforallthelipservicethisideareceives,andforallits importance in justifying entrenched rules, it has beensubjecttosurprisinglylittlerigorousanalysis.

A few scholarshave contended that theprinciple isoverlyprotectiveof criminaldefendantsat theexpenseofvictims. But serious and sustained discussions of theprinciplescostsandbenefitsarefewandfarbetween.Mostsimplytreatitasaselfevidenttruth.

ThisArticleseekstogivetheBlackstoneprinciplethecareful attention it deserves. Thoughprevious critics havetaken the principles purported benefits to innocentdefendantsatfacevaluewhileemphasizingtheharmitdoestoinnocentcrimevictims,thisArticletakesadifferenttack:itanalyzestheprinciplefromadynamicperspective,takingaccount of the principles effects on the criminal justicesystemasawhole.

Epps,Daniel.TheConsequencesofErrorinCriminalJustice.HarvardLawReview.Vol.128:1065,2015.Adaptado.

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25

O texto cita Richard Fallon, o qual postula que errosjudiciriosa) podem levar condenao injusta, em carter

provisrio,semrevisocriminal.b) geramprocessosdereparaoepedidosdeindenizao

onerososparaoEstado.c) revelam, por vezes, o grau de despreparo de agentes

pblicos,noprocessodeinstauraodeaespenais.d) tendem a ser consideradosmenosmalficos, quando

resultamemabsolvioderusquesoculpados.e) so tidoscomoelementosconstitutivosdo fracassodo

sistemapenitenciriocarentedealternativas.

f)

26

Segundo o texto, alguns acadmicos, ao se referirem aoprincpiodeBlackstone,consideramnoa) abrangentedemais,compoucaeficciaemcasosmais

complexos.b) pouco significativo em casos de acusados sem

julgamento.c) favorvel,noquedizrespeitoaoru,emdetrimentoda

vtima.d) restrito, se aplicado a casos forado mbitododireito

criminal.e) condescendenteemrelaoamagistradosquecometem

falhasnafunojurisdicional.

27

Umdosobjetivosdapesquisaapresentadanotexto,noquetangeaoprincpiodeBlackstone,

a) buscar ampliar a discusso com enfoque nos efeitossobreosistemajudiciriocriminal.

b) contribuir para eliminar assimetrias em favor deacusados,examinandoonmerodeerrosjudiciais.

c) reforar o princpio visto como teoria adequada paradistribuiodeformasdepunio.

d) dedicarlheatenocuidadosa,enfatizandoseucarterirrefutvel.

e) investigaremquemedida rusconsiderados inocentestmmaisprivilgiosdoqueosconsideradosculpados.

28

Consideradoocontexto,aexpressoatfacevalue(L.36)significaa) atitudecorajosa.b) investimentoderisco.c) crenanaaparncia.d) defesaparcial.e) posturatendenciosa.

29

Um possvel sinnimo para o adjetivo cardinal (L. 4),empregadonotexto,a) additional.b) terrific.c) noteworthy.d) paramount.e) plain.

30

Nocontexto,opronomeit(L.26)refereseaa) lipservice(L.25).b) idea(L.25).c) all(L.25).d) importance(L.26).e) analysis(L.27).






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