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EMC Infrastructure for Virtual Desktops Enabled by EMC Symmetrix VMAX

Virtual Provisioning, VMware vSphere 4, VMware View 4, and VMware View Composer

A Detailed Review

Abstract

EMC® Symmetrix® VMAX™ and Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning™, when used to support VMware View 4 deployment, provides a compelling virtual desktop infrastrucure for organizations that want to simplify their storage management and maximize their capacity utilization. EMC Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning lets organizations present a large amount of capacity to a VMware View desktop environment, and then consume space only as needed from a shared pool. This improves total cost of ownership (TCO) by reducing initial overallocation of storage capacity, reduces labor by simplifying data layout with automated wide striping, and reduces the steps required to support growth.

May 2010

EMC Infrastructure for Virtual Desktops Enabled by EMC Symmetrix VMAX Virtual Provisioning, VMware

vSphere 4, VMware View 4, and VMware View Composer—A Detailed Review 2

Copyright © 2010 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

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Part number: H7123

EMC Infrastructure for Virtual Desktops Enabled by EMC Symmetrix VMAX Virtual Provisioning, VMware vSphere 4, VMware View 4, and VMware View Composer—A Detailed Review

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Contents

Executive summary ........................................................................................................................... 4

Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 6

Virtual desktop infrastructure ............................................................................................................ 7 Architecture overview .................................................................................................................... 7 Architecure diagram ...................................................................................................................... 7 EMC Symmetrix VMAX ................................................................................................................. 8 EMC Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning ............................................................................................ 8 VMware vSphere 4 ........................................................................................................................ 8 VMware View Manager 4 .............................................................................................................. 9 VMware View Composer ............................................................................................................... 9

Tested configuration ........................................................................................................................ 10 Configuration overview ................................................................................................................ 10 Test configuration architecture .................................................................................................... 11 Hardware resources .................................................................................................................... 12 Software resources ..................................................................................................................... 12 Network configuration ................................................................................................................. 13 SAN configuration ....................................................................................................................... 13 Datastore storage configuration .................................................................................................. 14 1,024-desktop configuration ........................................................................................................ 15 Desktop pool configuration .......................................................................................................... 16 View Manager Active Directory groups ....................................................................................... 16

Desktop test results ......................................................................................................................... 17 Desktop results overview ............................................................................................................ 17 Start-up process CPU use .......................................................................................................... 17 Start-up process memory use ..................................................................................................... 18 Start-up process read/write performance .................................................................................... 19 Start-up process read/write ratio ................................................................................................. 20 Start-up process read/write utilization ......................................................................................... 21 Steady-state CPU performance .................................................................................................. 22 Steady-state read/write performance .......................................................................................... 23 Steady-state read/write ratio ....................................................................................................... 24 Steady-state read/write utilization ............................................................................................... 25 Application execution performance ............................................................................................. 25

Conclusion....................................................................................................................................... 27

References ...................................................................................................................................... 28



Executive summary

Business case Many organizations are taking advantage of the growth in virtualization technology to

implement virtual desktop infrastructure throughout their data centers. Virtualizing the desktop infrastructure provides many benefits to organizations, including:

• Centralized management

• Rapid and automated desktop deployment

• The security of having end-user data stored centrally in the data center

These benefits require that the storage infrastructure is highly available, scalable, and cost-effective. A key challenge facing customers who implement a virtual desktop infrastructure strategy is the provisioning of storage.

During typical storage provisioning, administrators may allocate space based on the anticipated growth of user data and applications. This approach can result in more physical storage being allocated to the desktop than is actually needed for a significant amount of time. This provisioning method can incur higher storage costs than necessary, or as compared to thin provisioning.

Thin provisioning is a method for allocating storage space that allows adminstrators to:

• Easily allocate space on servers

• Allocate just enough space as required

• Allocate space only when it is needed

Thin provisioning enables organizations to provision all the space required for the current and future virtual desktops requirements, but commits only as much storage space as the desktop needs for initial operation. The use of thin provisioning, space-saving snapshot technology (linked clones), and storage tiering increases utilization and reduces the costs of implementing storage for a virtual desktop infrastructure.

Product solution

VMware vSphere 4 and VMware View Composer both offer thin provisioning capabilities. Symmetrix® Virtual Provisioning™ occurs at the array level, while vSphere and Composer thin provisioning occurs on the virtual disk layer.

The EMC® Symmetrix VMAX™ storage system running the Enginuity™ operating environment is ideal for hosting a VMware View 4 virtual desktop platform. Symmetrix VMAX is a highly scalable storage array and provides an extensive set of features and functionality designed specifically for high-availability virtual environments. The Symmetrix product line, in conjunction with both VMware vSphere 4 and VMware View 4, provides a versatile, scalable, and efficient virtual desktop infrastructure.


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Key results This white paper explores a tested environment that includes a virtual desktop

infrastructure built on EMC Symmetrix VMAX, VMware View 4, and VMware View Composer. The test results showed that:

• Storage requirements were reduced by 50 percent, while maintaining performance under load

• 1,024 virtual desktops were deployed with validated boot, steady state, and reboot operations

• Storage management and operation were simplified and automated



Introduction

Purpose This white paper explores the design and operation of a validated 1,024-seat virtual

desktop infrastructure solution that uses Symmetrix VMAX and Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning, enabled by VMware vSphere 4, VMware View 4, and VMware Composer.

Scope The scope of this white paper is to:

• Document the environment configuration for a virtual desktop infrastructure based on Symmetrix VMAX, Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning, VMware View 4, and VMware Composer

• Provide a validated architecture for a 1,024-seat VMware View building block infrastructure

• Demonstrate the performance characteristics and end-user response times associated with a test load of 1,024 virtual desktops managed by VMware View 4 and hosted on an EMC Symmetrix VMAX with Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning

Audience This white paper is intended for:

• Field personnel who are tasked with implementing a virtual desktop infrastructure

• Customers, including IT planners, storage architects, and administrators involved in evaluating, acquiring, managing, operating, or designing a virtual desktop infrastructure

• EMC staff and partners, for guidance and the development of proposals

Terminology This section defines some key terms used in this document.

Term Description

thin device A host accessible device that has no storage directly associated with it

data device An internal device that provides storage capacity to be used by thin devices

thin device extent The minimum quantum of storage that must be mapped at a time to a thin device

thin pool A collection of data devices that provide storage capacity for thin devices

thin pool capacity The sum of the capacities of the member data devices


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Virtual desktop infrastructure

Architecture overview

The following section identifies and briefly describes the technology and components used in the validated virtualized desktop infrastructure environment.

Architecure diagram

The following illustration shows the architecture of the virtual desktop infrastructure discussed in this white paper.



EMC Symmetrix VMAX

The EMC Symmetrix VMAX is a high-end storage array that is purpose-built to deliver infrastructure services for the next era of high-availability virtual data centers. With advanced levels of data protection and replication, the Symmetrix VMAX system is at the forefront of enterprise storage area network (SAN) technology. Additionally, the Symmetrix VMAX array has the speed, capacity, and efficiency to transparently optimize service levels without compromising its ability to deliver performance on demand. These capabilities are of the greatest value for large virtualized server deployments leveraging VMware vSphere 4.

Built for reliability, availability, and scalability, Symmetrix VMAX uses specialized engines, each of which includes two redundant director modules providing parallel access and replicated copies of all critical data.

The Symmetrix VMAX Enginuity operating system provides several advanced features, such as:

• Auto-provisioning Groups for simplification of storage management

• Virtual Provisioning for ease of use and improved capacity utilization

• Virtual LUN technology for nondisruptive mobility between storage tiers

EMC Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning

EMC Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning enables organizations to reduce costs by:

• Simplifying storage management and increasing capacity utilization

• Presenting a large amount of capacity to a host, and then consuming space only as needed from a shared pool

• Improving TCO by reducing initial overallocation of storage capacity

Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning also reduces labor by simplifying data layout with automated wide striping, and reducing the steps required to support growth.

VMware vSphere 4

VMware vSphere is a highly reliable platform for data center virtualization. It enables scalable and efficient use of x86 server hardware in a robust, highly available environment. The VMware ESX server:

• Abstracts server processor, memory, storage, and networking resources into multiple virtual machines, forming the foundation of the VMware VSphere 4 suite

• Partitions physical servers into multiple virtual machines, each representing a complete system with processors, memory, networking, storage, and BIOS

• Shares single server resources across multiple virtual machines and clusters ESX servers for further sharing of resources


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VMware View Manager 4

VMware View Manager 4, a key component of the VMware View 4 desktop virtualization solution, offers a single console to manage, provision, and securely deploy virtual desktops. With VMware View Manager, you can:

• Upgrade and patch desktops centrally from the data center and efficiently manage hundreds or even thousands of desktops—saving time and resources

• Keep your data, information, and intellectual property from leaving the data center—except with your permissions, internal policies, and security policies intact

• Ensure consistency throughout the desktop environment, avoiding the types of issues that can arise when users reconfigure their PCs

VMware View Composer

VMware View Composer delivers advanced virtual image management to conserve disk space and streamline virtual desktop provisioning and deployment by using VMware Linked Clone technology to optimize desktop storage space and improve image control. Composer-based images act as unique pointers for each user to a single virtual machine master. These Linked Clones each have unique identities, and they can be powered on, suspended, or reconfigured independently of the master image. Linked Clones can be refreshed at the administrator’s discretion, without affecting user data or settings, to ensure tight OS management and optimize storage resources.



Tested configuration

Configuration overview

This section details the architecture of the test configuration discussed throughout this white paper. Characteristics of the configuration include:

• Buildout of a 1,024 virtual desktop building block

• Based on Symmetrix VMAX using Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning

• Blade servers that provide a dense server farm for the vSphere ESX hosts

• VMware vSphere ESX hosts that provide a scalable building block approach capable of extending this architecture to tens of thousands of virtual desktops


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Test configuration architecture

The following illustration shows the architecture of the test environment used in this white paper, configured as follows:

• One blade chassis with 16 blade servers is configured into two vSphere ESX clusters of eight nodes each

• Each node connects to a Symmetrix VMAX array through a Fibre Channel SAN

• Virtual desktop storage is thinly provisioned using Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning

• The virtual desktop environment consists of 1,024 desktops across eight View persistent pools representing varied desktop workload use cases

• All 1,024 desktops are powered on and tested under a simulated workload environment



Hardware resources

The following table lists the hardware resources used in the test configuration.

Equipment Qty Configuration

Dell PowerEdge M1000e Blade Chassis

1 16 blade-server slots, 2 x Dell PowerConnect M6348 switches, 2 x FC4 pass-through modules

Dell PowerEdge M600 16 2 x Xeon 5430 at 2.66 GHz, 32 GB RAM, 4 x 1 GB NICs, 2 x QLA2432 HBAs

Symmetrix VMAX 1 Enginuity 5874, 2 VMAX Engines, 64 GB cache, 240 disks, 4 FE ports (4 Gb FC ports), 58744 MB of usable cache

Cisco MDS 9513 1 Fibre Channel director with 48 x 4 Gb ports

Software resources

The following table shows the software resources used in the test configuration.

Software Version Configuration

VMware vSphere 4 4.0 Build 208167 2 x 8-node HA/DRS dluster

VMware vCenter 4 4.0 Build 186498 Virtualized within the cluster

VMware View Manager 4.0 Premier Edition

4.0 Build 210939 Composer-based desktop images to be used

VMware View Composer 4.0 Build 210939 8 images deployed across 8 persistent pools

EMC Symmetrix Thin Provisioning Enginuity 5874 RAID 5 (3+1), 32 x 300 GB 15k disks, 24 data devices (240 GB), 5759 GB pool size

EMC PowerPath®/VE 5.4 Configured on all ESX hosts

Microsoft Windows 2003 SP2 32-bit

Microsoft XP Pro SP3 SP3 32-bit/1vcpu/512 MB/Office 2007


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Network configuration

All networking used in this configuration is 1GbE connectivity to a core Cisco Catalyst infrastructure. The Dell PowerEdge M1000e chassis is equipped with a PowerConnect switch that aggregates the blade server network traffic into multiple 1GbE uplinks to the Cisco Catalyst core. Physically, each M600 blade is equipped with six 1GbE NICs. Logically, each vSphere ESX host is configured with three redundant networks for the following:

Network Purpose

Management Service console access

VMkernel Private VMotion network

Public VM Network View VDI client network

SAN configuration

In this configuration each blade has two 4 Gb/s ports into the MDS 9513 director. The blade chassis is equipped with a Fibre Channel pass-through I/O option.

The Symmetrix VMAX is configured with two engines with 32 Fibre Channel ports and 64 GB of cache. Four of the Fibre Channel ports (7E:0, 8E:0, 9E:0, and 10E:0) are dedicated to the desktop environment. The cache available on the array is partitioned using the Dynamic Cache Partitioning capability of the Enginuity operating environment, and 10 GB of cache is provisioned for the desktops. The VMAX array has 240 300 GB 15k Fibre Channel drives of which 32 physical spindles were dedicated to the virtual desktop testing. The physical drives are configured in a thin pool as follows:

Pool information

Type Thin

Dev Configuration RAID 5 (3+1)

No. of Thin Dev 32

No. of Data Dev 24

Data Dev Size (GB) 240

TDev ID 4AC:4CB



Datastore storage configuration

There are 16 120 GB LUNs provisioned for 16 ESX datastores. Each datastore hosts a View Composer replica plus 64 virtual desktops for a total of 1,024 virtual desktops within the environment. This layout is consistent with VMware View best practices. The base XP Desktop images for testing are roughly 6 GB, and the Composer-based images, including swap, are approximately 1 GB after initial startup.


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1,024-desktop configuration

The building-block design in this white paper provides a configuration that is consistent with customer demand and VMware cluster architecture (eight-node cluster maximum for View) to support scaling in the VMware View virtual desktop environment.

The tested environment is based on blade server technology, and the physical building block used contains a 16-server blade chassis. The physical configuration extends well when building a logical building block to support 756-1,024 virtual desktops, consistent with desktop scaling guidelines.

To determine the optimal scalability of the building block, the resources (workload) requirements of the virtual desktops must be known. This provides the basis for calculating the number of concurrent desktops that can be supported on a single ESX host and also provides the foundation for calculating the IOPS required for the underlying storage the desktops are hosted on.

The Dell M600 blade servers in this test contain Intel dual socket, quad-core Xeon 5430 CPUs with 32 GB of RAM on each blade. This configuration typically supports five to eight virtual desktops per core. In the tested environment, the client workload is limited to Windows XP Professional SP3 (32-bit), which allows server scalability up to 64 virtual desktops per ESX host, depending on workload.

The desktop environment is configured to represent several typical office end-user and workload profiles. Workload between desktop use cases can vary widely from simple call desk users generating 1 to 3 IOPS per desktop during normal operation, to offshore development users who can often exceed 10 IOPS per desktop.

The environment discussed in this white paper was tested with a workload simulation tool capable of generating 6 to 8 IOPS per desktop during normal operation. The workload simulator generates common client desktop activity such as:

• Web browsing

• Adobe Acrobat document reading

• Microsoft Office document creation, opening, closing, and saving functions

This workload was initiated when the desktop client was started and ran independently until completed on all 1,024 virtual desktops.



Desktop pool configuration

The following tables list the VMware View Manager pool configuration and the View Manager Active Directory groups.

View Manager pool configuration

Qty Unique ID Desktop persistence Image type Cluster assignment

500 Contract Center Persistence Linked Clone Cluster B

200 Contractors Persistence Linked Clone Cluster A

10 eStaff Persistence Linked Clone Cluster A

50 Finance Persistence Linked Clone Cluster A

14 Human Resources Persistence Linked Clone Cluster A

100 Marketing Persistence Linked Clone Cluster A

100 Sales Persistence Linked Clone Cluster A

50 Support Staff Persistence Linked Clone Cluster A

View Manager Active Directory groups

Group name Number of users

Contract Center 500

Contractors 200

eStaff 10

Finance 50

Human Resources 14

Marketing 100

Sales 100

Support Staff 50


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Desktop test results

Desktop results overview

The following sections provide a summary of the performance results from testing 1,024 View 4 virtual desktops that were deployed using VMware Composer Linked Clone images and hosted on Symmetrix VMAX thin provisioned storage pools.

Performance data collected from the various stages of the test includes the following:

• Start-up data — initial boot of the virtual desktops

• Steady-state data — observations made after all desktops have completed the boot process

• Application execution data — average desktop application response time, representative of end-user experience

Start-up process CPU use

The following graph shows the CPU utilization of a VMware vSphere 4 ESX server on Dell PowerEdge M600 blade servers with 32 GB of memory as the 1,024 virtual desktops are gradually powered on by VMware View 4. During the start-up process the maximum CPU use is approximately 60 percent with a steady state CPU utilization of 40 percent. This indicates that the proposed configuration can accommodate additional workload during the start-up period.

Ramp-up CPU Utilization

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Start-up process memory use

The following graph shows the memory utilization of the Dell PowerEdge M600 blade server during the ramp-up process of 1,024 virtual desktops.

The memory utilization rapidly increases and peaks at 70 percent as 1,024 virtual desktops are instantiated and powered on by the VMware vSphere 4 ESX hosts. Next, the memory utilization reduces over the period of observation to a steady-state value of 57 percent. The drop in memory use can be attributed to the transparent memory sharing feature of VMware vSphere. These results were consistent across all vSphere ESX hosts, and indicate that the proposed configuration can accommodate additional workload both during start-up and steady-state periods.

Memory Performance

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Start-up process read/write performance

The following graph shows the number of IOs per second measured across each of the four Symmetrix VMAX FA ports during the boot process of the 1,024 virtual desktops.

The total IOs per second peaks at about 4,000 IOs per second, and then subsides to under 2,500.



Start-up process read/write ratio

The following graph shows the read/write ratio for each Symmetrix VMAX FA port during the gradual boot process of 1,024 virtual desktops.

The majority of the requests are reads, with a ratio of approximately 70/30 percent read-to-write.


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Start-up process read/write utilization

The following graph illustrates the percentage of utilization for the four Symmetrix VMAX FA ports during the boot process of the 1,024 virtual desktops.

Utilization peaks between 45 and 55 percent, indicating that the array can easily accommodate the boot process.



Steady-state CPU performance

The following graph shows the CPU utilization of the Dell PowerEdge M600 blade server during the steady-state process of 1,024 virtual desktops.

The CPU use was 40 percent; these results were consistent across all vSphere ESX hosts, indicating that the proposed configuration can accommodate additional workload during steady state periods.

CPU Performance

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CPU Usage - 5 CPU Usage - 6 CPU Usage - 7


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Steady-state read/write performance

The following graph shows the number of IOs per second across each of the four Symmetrix VMAX FA ports during the steady-state process of the 1,024 virtual desktops.

The number of IOs is relatively low, and can accommodate any performance spikes. The IOs during the steady state are consistent, fluctuating in a range of about 750 to 1500 IOs/sec.



Steady-state read/write ratio

The following graph shows the read/write ratio for each Symmetrix VMAX FA port during the steady-state process of the 1,024 virtual desktops.

The majority of the requests are reads at first, and the trend slowly reverses to writes when the reboot process is complete and the desktops transition to the steady-state process.


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Steady-state read/write utilization

The following graph illustrates the utilization percentage of the four Symmetrix VMAX FA ports after the 1,024 virtual desktops finish booting.

Utilization peaks between 25 and 55 percent, and then slowly tapers to between 10 and 20 percent as the desktops move into a steady state. This indicates that during periods of steady-state operations the array can accommodate additional desktops.

Application execution performance

The following chart displays the average application execution time from all virtual desktops running on the Dell PowerEdge M600 blade servers.

The application times represent the amount of time it took to open, close, or save a document that was created. These results are a good indication of end-user experience, and genrate a significant amount of load on the environment.

The chart represents an average of the time data that was sampled out of the number of iterations conducted on the virtual desktops. These results show that the performance experienced by the simulated worker (less than 2 seconds) is still well within the performance characteristics one would expect to maintain a satisfactory end-user experience.


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Conclusion

Summary VMware View 4 desktop virtualization technology meets user and IT needs,

providing compelling advantages compared to traditional desktops and terminal services. By integrating EMC Symmetrix VMAX and Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning into a virtual desktop environment, organizations can reduce costs by simplifying storage management and increasing capacity utilization.

Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning enables organizations to present a large amount of capacity to a VMware View desktop environment, and then consume space only as needed from a shared pool. This significantly reduced the storage requirements for this solution while maintaining overall performance and increasing desktop deployment times. This improves TCO by reducing initial overallocation of storage capacity and also reduces labor by simplifying data layout with automated wide striping and reducing the steps required to support growth.

Key points The table below summarizes the key points that this solution addresses.

Key point Solution objective

Virtual desktop infrastructure utilizing Symmetrix VMAX, Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning, VMware View 4, and VMware Composer

A 1,024 View virtual desktop building block using both View Composer-based clones and Symmetrix thin provisioning. Reducing storage requirements by more than 50 percent while maintaining overall performance under load.

Provide a validated architecture for a 1k seat VMware View building block infrastructure

Deploy a 1,024-desktop implementation and validate the end-user experience during boot, steady-state, and reboot operations, to support service level agreements and ensure end-user productivity.



References

White papers For additional information, see the white papers listed below.

•

•

Implementing EMC Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning with VMware vSphere

EMC Symmetrix VMAX and VMware Virtual Infrastructure

• EMC Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning – Applied Technology

• VMware View 4 Deployment Guide

• Workload Considerations for Virtual Desktop Reference Architectures Info Guide

• VDI User Sizing Example

• Optimizing Windows XP for VDI

Note: To access documents located on EMC Powerlink you must have a Powerlink account.

Product documentation

For additional information, see the product documents listed below.

• VMware vSphere 4 Documentation

• VMware View 4 Documentation

Other documentation

For additional information, see the documents listed below.

• Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning Feature Specification

• Best Practices for Fast, Simple Capacity Allocation with EMC Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning

http://www.emc.com/collateral/hardware/white-papers/h6813-implting-symmetrix-vrtl-prvsning-vsphere-wp.pdf�



http://www.emc.com/collateral/hardware/white-papers/h4139-emc-symmetrix-virtual-provisioning-wp.pdf�

http://www.vmware.com/resources/techresources/10088�



http://www.emc.com/collateral/software/white-papers/h6924-vdi-user-sizing-wp.pdf�

http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs/vs_pubs.html�

http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs/view_pubs.html�

http://powerlink.emc.com/km/live1/en_US/Offering_Technical/Technical_Documentation/FS_Symm_Virtual_Provisioning.pdf�

http://www.emc.com/collateral/hardware/white-papers/300-006-718-fast-simple-capacity-allocation-virtual-provisioning.pdf�

http://www.emc.com/collateral/hardware/white-papers/300-006-718-fast-simple-capacity-allocation-virtual-provisioning.pdf�

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