infrastructure of the glaciological monitoring at …
TRANSCRIPT
„INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE GLACIOLOGICAL MONITORING AT PASTERZE AND THE GLACIERS AROUND MT. SONNBLICK“
In Cooperation with:
Marion Greilinger1
Daniel Binder1, Lucia Felbauer1, Bernhard Hynek1, Anton Neureiter1, Stefan Reisenhofer1, Wolfgang Schöner², Gernot Weyss1
1 Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG), Wien, Österreich 2 Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich
Shrinking glaciers in a warming climate
23.04.2020 Folie 2
© Sammlung Gesellschaft für ökologische Forschung / Wolfgang Zängl
2004https://www.treehugger.com/clean-technology/yahoos-5-stunning-before-and-after-pictures-of-melting-glaciers.html
Muir Glacier, Alaska
1941
Banded Glacier, USA
1960
2016https://www.nps.gov/noca/learn/nature/glaciers.htm
1938
2016
Pasterze, Austria
Glaciers in Austria
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• ~ 900 glaciers in Austria• Area: ~ 415 km² (2006-2012)• Volume: ~ 18 km³ (1998)
The three biggest glaciers are:
1. Gepatschferner with an area of 20 km² (17 km² in Austria) and a maximum ice thickness of 240 m
2. Pasterze with an area of 16 km² and a maximum ice thickness of 275 m
3. Obersulzbachkees with an area of 10 km² and a maximum ice thickness of 180 m
Source: Österreichische Kommission für Glaziologiehttp://www.glaziologie.at/oest-kommission-fuer-glaziologie.html
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Glacier Monitoring performed by ZAMG
23.04.2020 Folie 4
The monitoring comprises:• Direct field measurements• Geodetic measurements• Automated cameras• Automatic weather stations• Automatic (energy) mass balance stations• Automatic runoff stations
Monitoring of:• Glacier mass balance• Glacier height changes• Ice thickness • Glacier length changes• Ice flow velocities• Snow height• Ablation• Glacial runoff• Ion deposition• Meteorological parameters• Glacier lake outbreaks• Avalanches• …….
PASTERZE
SONNBLICKGEBIET
DIRECT MASS BALANCE MEASUREMENTS
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Measurement of the accumulation via snow density measurementsat the end of the winter accumulation period together with densesnow depth measurements using a snow probe.
Measurements of the ablation using stakes which aredrilled into the ice.
NETWORK OF AUTOMATED CAMERAS
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SONNBLICK
PASTERZE
www.foto-webcam.euwww.glacio-live.at
GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS
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2009: Airborne Laser Scan (ALS)2018: dGPS-Measurements (excluding snow height)
GLACIAL RUNOFF
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Automatic water gauge station since fall 2002 to measure the water level.
Annual measurements of the flow rate to convert the automated measurements of the water level to a flow rate.
(ENERGY) MASS BALANCE STATIONS
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4 Stations on 3 glaciers: EMBS FLK MBS GOK EMBS Pasterze tongue MBS Pasterze Oberwalderhütte
Measurements of: Temperature Relative humidity Wind velocity and direction Snow height Ablation Radiation(SWin, SWout, LWin, LWout)
RESULTS Mass Balance
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Time series of the measured annual massbalance averaged over the whole glacier area inm water equivalent
Grey: mean over the whole time seriesBlack: mean over the last 10 years
These changes in the mass balance reflects a decline in ice thickness of about 1.3-1.4 m/y (density of ice = 900 kg/m³).
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RESULTS Mass Balance
Annual mass balance highly correlated with the losses during summer!
RESULTS Changes in glacier thickness / ice thickness
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1969 and 1998: Photogrammetric evaluation from aerial photos2012: Airborne Laser Scan2015 and 2017: „Structure from motion“
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RESULTS Changes in glacier thickness / ice thickness
RESULTS Glacial runoff
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Example of glacier lake outburst:
On 15.06.2017 within 9 hours a runoff of about 100.000 m³ water were measured!
AUTOMATIC CAMERAS
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1. Monitoring of the snow coverage
2. Calculation of flow velocities
3. Documentation of glacier shrinkage
4. Changes on the glacier surface
5. Glacier movements
6. Monitoring of peri- or proglacial phenomena (e.g. glacier lake outbursts)
7. Documentation of avalanches
8. …..
