Workshop on Infrastructure for Rebuilding and Developing Countries December 17-20, 2007

Washington D.C.

Infrastructure Development in Conflict Affected Areas in

Mindanao, Philippines

Emmanuel MicianoProject Management Specialist

OEDG, USAID/PHILIPPINES

Mindanao Situation• 25% of the population• 30% of the land area• 80% Christian & 20% Muslim• 22 Million people• Decades of conflict (MNLF,

MILF, NPA, bandit groups)

USAID Commitments to Mindanao• 60% of annual funding to

Philippines• $260 million since 2001

Principal ObjectivesGrowth with Equity in Mindanao (GEM)2:

Accelerate economic opportunities in Mindanao and assure that as many people as possible benefit from economic growth. Help bring about and consolidate peace in Mindanao.Demonstrate to population of conflict-affected areas that the GRP and USG are concerned about their well-being.

Infrastructure projects are the most visible and perhaps the most widely appreciated efforts undertaken in GEM2.

Infrastructure DevelopmentTwo types: Barangay Infrastructure Projects (BIPs) and Regional Impact Projects (RIPs)

BIPs are Small-Scale Infrastructure ProjectsLocated in the ARMM and nearby conflict-affected areas. Costs range from $5T to $50T per project.Number of projects: 830 (in 5 years)Estimated 2.6 million beneficiaries

Project types include:Drainage/Irrigation Systems/Culverts (188)Potable Water Systems (40)Grains/Seaweed Solar Dryers (236)Trading/Community Centers (102)Boat Landings (65)Bridges/Footbridges (42)Road Upgrades (52)Other (105)

Infrastructure DevelopmentBarangay Infrastructure Projects (BIPs)

Tupi Box Culvert

Before After

Adjid Community Water

Tunggol Boat Landing, Maguindanao

Sigayan-Caromatan Road, Lanao del Norte

Before After

Purok Maligang Footbridge

Sitio Abaga Grain Solar Dryer, North Cotabato

Infrastructure DevelopmentRegional Impact Projects (RIPs)

High-impact, high-visibility infrastructure projects

Located in the ARMM and nearby conflict-affected areas

Costs range from $50T to $1.2M per project

Number of projects: 40 RIPs ( in 5 years)

Estimated 1.6 million beneficiaries

Project types include:Port Upgrades (7)Commercial Centers (1)Boat landings (4)Bridges (14)Road Upgrades (13)Water Supply Upgrade (1)

Infrastructure DevelopmentRegional Impact Projects (RIPs)

Bongao Water Supply Upgrading, Tawi-Tawi

Jolo Market Road, Sulu

Bongao Port, Tawi-Tawi

Cotabato City Square

Sitio Sarmiento Bridge, Maguindanao

Before After

Lessons LearnedProject Identification and Design Stage

Maximize participation of all stakeholders in project selection;Get “real” local government counterpart contribution up front (ranging from 25% to 50%); Get it in writing with the Mayors and Governors (MOU) with provisions for consequences for failure to comply with agreement on counterpart contribution;Design with an assumption that there is inadequate maintenance;Do not “design” new alignments for barangay roads unless necessary; Follow existing geometric alignments; Adapting standard designs for foot bridges, box culverts, boat landings saves time.

Project Contracting, Construction Management and Turn OverMaximize competition; take out prequalification process, just do post qualificationConstruction supervision and management should be present on site at all times during construction. Establish and independent Quality Control/Quality Assurance Plan. Beneficial Use Monitoring (BUM) ensures proper use, maintenance, and environmental compliance after project turn over. USAID monitoring ensures compliance to plans and specifications.

Perceptions of the Impact of Infrastructure to Peace and Development in Mindanao

In communities benefiting from GEM2-provided infrastructure, conflict has not recurred;

Where GEM2 provided transportation-related infrastructure, transport costs for cargo and passengers have decreased by up to 70% and services increased; Travel times between points of destinations were reduced significantly.

“USAID’s programs have made a difference. Now we can make a living.” – Moro National Liberation Front Vice Chairman Hatimil Hassan

Looking forward to GEM3 Infrastructure

Increase number of BIPs to 1000 projects;

Higher project cost for RIPs up to around $4.0 million;

More competition among local subcontractors;

Improved design, contracting, construction management and quality control.

Continue to emphasize investment in the conflict affected areas in Mindanao

SALAMAT PO

(Tagalog for Thank You)