Infrared Laser PointerInfrared Laser Pointer

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• IntroductionIntroduction• Characteristics and key featuresCharacteristics and key features

• infrared communication standardsinfrared communication standards

• How IrDA Transmission Works

• Conclusion and Future of the IRDAConclusion and Future of the IRDA

IntroductionIntroduction

• The Infrared Data Association, often The Infrared Data Association, often referred to as IrDA, is a nonprofit referred to as IrDA, is a nonprofit organization whose goal is to develop organization whose goal is to develop globally adopted specifications for infrared globally adopted specifications for infrared wireless communication. Celebrating its wireless communication. Celebrating its ten-year anniversary, IrDA was formed in ten-year anniversary, IrDA was formed in 1994. It thrives today due to the hundreds 1994. It thrives today due to the hundreds of corporate and individual members who of corporate and individual members who volunteer their time and know-how to the volunteer their time and know-how to the continued development of IrDA applications continued development of IrDA applications and specifications. and specifications.

Introduction(cont)Introduction(cont)

IrDA takes a layered protocol approach specifying several layers of protocols including

1- IrPHY (physical layer),

2- IrLAP (link access protocol) and

3- IrLMP (link managment protocol).

Characteristics and key features of the IrDA Characteristics and key features of the IrDA connectionconnection

• An IrDA infrared connection is An IrDA infrared connection is established solely by a directed established solely by a directed infrared beam, for bi-directional half-infrared beam, for bi-directional half-duplex communications. The lowest duplex communications. The lowest signaling rate is 9,600 bps, and the signaling rate is 9,600 bps, and the highest currently specified is 16 highest currently specified is 16 Mbps.Mbps.

Characteristics and key Characteristics and key features(CONT)features(CONT)

• Nevertheless, most devices available Nevertheless, most devices available today operate at a maximum of 4 today operate at a maximum of 4 Mbps. The range of the line-of-sight Mbps. The range of the line-of-sight connection is at least 1 meter, but, connection is at least 1 meter, but, typically, 2 meters can be reached.typically, 2 meters can be reached.

Characteristics and key Characteristics and key features(CONT)features(CONT)

• There is also a low power version There is also a low power version available with a limited range objective available with a limited range objective of 20 cm, but at 10 times less power of 20 cm, but at 10 times less power consumption. IrDA connections are consumption. IrDA connections are suitable for point-to-point and even suitable for point-to-point and even point-to-multipoint. IrDA is very popular point-to-multipoint. IrDA is very popular with portable devices, such as with portable devices, such as notebooks, handheld computers, digital notebooks, handheld computers, digital cameras, electronic books, toys, and cameras, electronic books, toys, and watches.watches.

SIR, FIR,VFIRSIR, FIR,VFIR

SIR Slow infrared: (IrDA 1.0 Standard), SIR Slow infrared: (IrDA 1.0 Standard), which is the capability to transmit which is the capability to transmit data at 9.6 kbps to 115.2 Official data at 9.6 kbps to 115.2 Official IrDA definition is IrDA definition is serial infrared serial infrared

• FIR Fast infrared :(IrDA 1.1 FIR Fast infrared :(IrDA 1.1 Standard), which is the capability to Standard), which is the capability to transmit data up to 4 Mbits/sec. transmit data up to 4 Mbits/sec.

• VFIRVery fast infrared :16 MbpsVFIRVery fast infrared :16 Mbps

infrared communication infrared communication standardsstandards

• IrDA-DataIrDA-Data defines the standard for defines the standard for the wireless, two-way infrared data the wireless, two-way infrared data transmission between two devices transmission between two devices and consists of a set of mandatory and consists of a set of mandatory protocols: PHY (Physical), IrLAP (Link protocols: PHY (Physical), IrLAP (Link Access), and IrLMP (Link Access), and IrLMP (Link Management).Management).

infrared communication infrared communication standards(CONT)standards(CONT)

• IrDA-ControlIrDA-Control is the infrared standard is the infrared standard that allows wireless peripherals such as that allows wireless peripherals such as keyboards, mouse, game pads, joysticks, keyboards, mouse, game pads, joysticks, and other pointing devices to interact and other pointing devices to interact with many types of host devices. Host with many types of host devices. Host devices include PCs, home appliances, devices include PCs, home appliances, game consoles, and TV/Web set top game consoles, and TV/Web set top boxes.boxes.

infrared communication infrared communication standards(CONT)standards(CONT)

The benefits for IrDA-standard infrared connection The benefits for IrDA-standard infrared connection technology includes,technology includes,

• Offers a universal wireless standard for connecting all Offers a universal wireless standard for connecting all

portable infrared-enabled devices portable infrared-enabled devices • Easy, effortless implementation Easy, effortless implementation • Economical alternative to other connectivity solutions Economical alternative to other connectivity solutions • Reliable, high speed connection Reliable, high speed connection • Safe to use in any environment; can even be used during air Safe to use in any environment; can even be used during air

travel travel • Eliminates the hassle of cables Eliminates the hassle of cables • Allows PC’s and non-PC’s devices to communicate with each Allows PC’s and non-PC’s devices to communicate with each

other other • Enhances mobility by allowing users to simply “plop and Enhances mobility by allowing users to simply “plop and

connect” connect”

What is the difference between direct infrared, What is the difference between direct infrared, diffuse infrared, and radio frequency?diffuse infrared, and radio frequency?

• Direct infraredDirect infrared is a point-to-point, typically one-to-one is a point-to-point, typically one-to-one communication. Which requires line of sight and is a secure communication. Which requires line of sight and is a secure form of data transmission and reception.form of data transmission and reception.Hoya IrDA-standard wireless infrared solution is an example Hoya IrDA-standard wireless infrared solution is an example of direct infrared.of direct infrared.Diffuse infraredDiffuse infrared allows many-to-many connections, does allows many-to-many connections, does not require direct line of sight and can be uni-directional or not require direct line of sight and can be uni-directional or bi-directional. Since it is based on visible light, it is a secure bi-directional. Since it is based on visible light, it is a secure form within a room. Financial trading floors are an example form within a room. Financial trading floors are an example of diffuse infrared. of diffuse infrared. Radio frequencyRadio frequency is not secure in that it can penetrate is not secure in that it can penetrate through walls and is subject to uncontrolled interference. It through walls and is subject to uncontrolled interference. It is typically higher in power consumption than directed is typically higher in power consumption than directed infrared and requires FCC certification. infrared and requires FCC certification.

How IrDA Transmission Works• The transmission in an IrDA–compatible mode

(sometimes called SIR for serial IR) uses, in the simplest case, the RS232 port, a built–in standard of all compatible PCs. With a simple interface, shortening the bit length to a maximum of 3/16 of its original length for power–saving requirements, an infrared emitting diode is driven to transmit an optical signal to the receiver.

• This type of transmission covers the data range up to 115.2 kbit/s which is the maximum data rate supported by standard UARTs (see figure 1). The minimum demand for transmission speed for IrDA is only 9600 bit/s. All transmissions must be started at this frequency to enable compatibility. Higher speeds are a matter of negotiation of the ports after establishing the links.

How IrDA Transmission Works(cont)•Higher speeds require special interfaces

which operate at 1.152 Mbit/s and use a similar pulse–shortening process as in the RS232–related mode, but with a pulse reduction to of the original pulse length. The fastest data rate supported by IrDA is 4.0 Mbit/s (often called FIR), operating with 125–ns pulses in a 4–PPM (PPM = Pulse–Position Modulation) mode.

AT89C55WDAT89C55WD

The AT89C55WD is a low-power, The AT89C55WD is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 20K bytes of microcontroller with 20K bytes of Flash programmable read only Flash programmable read only memory and 256 bytes of RAM. memory and 256 bytes of RAM. The device is manufactured The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the and is compatible with the industry standard 80C51 and industry standard 80C51 and 80C52 instruction set and pinout.80C52 instruction set and pinout.

• The TSOP1736 is a 3 pin device that receives the infrared bursts and gives out the demodulated bitstream at the output.

Infrared Photo Transtor - TK69 TSOP1738

Phillips RC5Phillips RC5

• Most audio and video systems are equipped Most audio and video systems are equipped with an infrared remote control.A common with an infrared remote control.A common used standard protocol for infrared data used standard protocol for infrared data communication is the RC5 code, communication is the RC5 code, originallydeveloped by Phillips. This code originallydeveloped by Phillips. This code has an instruction set of 2048 different has an instruction set of 2048 different instructions and is divided into 32 addressof instructions and is divided into 32 addressof each 64 instructions. Every kind of each 64 instructions. Every kind of equipment use his own address,so this equipment use his own address,so this makes it possible to change the volume of makes it possible to change the volume of the TV without change the volume of the hifithe TV without change the volume of the hifi

Phillips RC5Phillips RC5

• The transmitted code is a dataword wich The transmitted code is a dataword wich consists of 14 bits and is defined as:consists of 14 bits and is defined as:

• 2 startbits for the automatic gain control in 2 startbits for the automatic gain control in the infrared receiver. the infrared receiver.

• 1 toggle bit (change everytime when a new 1 toggle bit (change everytime when a new button is pressed on the ir transmitter) button is pressed on the ir transmitter)

• 5 address bits for the systemaddress 5 address bits for the systemaddress

• 6 instructionbits for the pressed key6 instructionbits for the pressed key

Phillips RC5Phillips RC5

• The duration time of each bit is equal The duration time of each bit is equal to 1,778 ms, and the total time of a full to 1,778 ms, and the total time of a full rc5 code is 24,778 ms. rc5 code is 24,778 ms.

Futer of IRDAFuter of IRDA

• Infrared port will soon be seen in Infrared port will soon be seen in copiers, fax machines, overhead copiers, fax machines, overhead projectors, telephones, bank ATM's, projectors, telephones, bank ATM's, credit card readers, game controls, credit card readers, game controls, and headsets, …etc. and headsets, …etc.

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