infostructure directions: technology and architecture "if you don't know where you're...
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Infostructure Directions: Technology and Architecture
"If you don't know where you're going, any road will take you there.”
TEG -NDC SysMgt Retreat- 23 Jul 01
Rejected "Road" Themes
• The Road Ahead -Bill Gates
• Every day is a Winding Road -Sheryl Crow
• The Long and Winding Road -Beatles
• What a long strange trip it's been -Grateful Dead
• Embryionic Journey -Jefferson Airplane
• Endless Road -Hoyt Axton
• Carefree Highway -Gordon Lightfoot
Closer...
• What’s Goin’ On -Marvin Gayeor
• What's Going On -Santana
Bingo!
• Without A Klugh -Michael Powers
Topics
• Architectural foundations
• Architectural evolution/trends
• Technology trends
• Project priorities
• UFOs and their prevention
System Architecture Goals
• Reliable
• Effective
• Efficient
• Secure
• Manageable
Architectural Context: Outside-In Design…
• Desktop:– HW– OS– Local apps– Network services
• Backroom…– Front-end servers (e.g. compute, web)– Back-end servers (e.g. file, transaction, DBMS)– Support servers (e.g. DNS, Kerberos)
Baseline Apps
• Personal productivity (e.g. MS Office)
• Web
• Calendar
• Streaming/On-demand A/V
• Collaboration/conferencing
Application Requirements
Latency
BW
VR
SAN
NFS/SMB
HD videoconf
VideoConf
MM-IM
Text-IM
Fedex
Calendar
DBMS
Web
VoD
HD-VoD
Architectural Choices(Where’s the network?
What to cache?)
Display
Cache
ClientApp
ServerApp
FileSys/DBMS
Disk
CacheCache Cache Cache
Architectural Evolution
• Text terminal (timesharing)
• PC as terminal
• Client-Server
• X terminal (GUI timesharing)
• Web
• p2p
• asp/.net
Scaling Strategies
• It’s about managing complexity
• Optimum number of boxes?
• Divide and conquer (airplanes and fault zones)
• Reducing contention for shared resources
• Design for diagnosis
Architecture Issues• Whither Peer-to-Peer?• Commodity vs. data center disk• Backup: isolating the weak link• Thin clients: X-ng vs. mini-PC vs. handheld• Debugability • Simplicity
– e.g. unification of servers/services, accounts/Ids
• Security/disaster recovery– PKI, server sanctuaries, SPoF studies, ECI
Hardware Trends
• Intel chaos for another year – (e.g. 845 DDR chipset not until 1Q02)
• AMD coming on strong, but behind on .13 micron chips• Peripheral stagnation:
- builtin firewire, USB 2.0, Device Bay, DVI LCD, HD-DVD
• PCI successor: Infiniband??• Disk drives: SCSI, IDE, S-ATA, or ??• DVD burners: DVD+RW, DVD-RW, or DVD-RAM ?
• Handhelds coming on strong• Thin clients??
Appliances/Thin Clients
• Specific use (e.g. Internet radio):– Yes, but if price low enough
• Web surfing appliance (e.g. eVilla): – Too expensive/limited compared to g.p. PC
• Thin clients have most merit where reduced function is a feature; i.e. business
Network Trends
• IP/Ethernet continues to win
• 10GigE coming soon
• Multicast, QoS, and IPv6 are hot topics
• Wireless LAN: here now, 11b obsolete soon
• Wireless WAN: busted business models
OS trends
• Win XP: advanced features (e.g. IPv6)– but some troubling trends (activation, smart tags)
• Linux: solid in the backroom. Desktop?– Where's Mozilla? StarOffice 6.0? Multimedia Apps?
• Mac OS X: niche as long as it's PPC only
• BeOS: eVilla is their last hope
Digital Rights Management
• Hot topic
• Hollywood is in control
• May constrain legitimate use
• Questionable impact on piracy
Project Categories/Drivers
• Growth
• Environment changes: HW, SW, Middleware
• New service requirements
• Security/robustness/disaster recovery
• Working smarter vs. harder– Architectural simplification e.g. consolidation– Improved tools, e.g. canaries, FPTs
Priorities
• Reliability– Function and failure isolation– Complexity reduction… except:– SPoF reduction implies more complexity
• Manageability: making it easier to...– bring up new systems– do routine mtce
• accts, s/w, disk mgt, backups
– know about problems; troubleshoot
UFOs and their Prevention
• Divide-and-conquer architecture• Canaries for advance warning• Finger-Pointing Tools for problem isolation• Communication mechanisms
– Capturing user experiences– Coordinating events– Coordinating experiments– Reporting status, new data
• E2E PI
SysMgt lessons from TMI
• Busted valve – Had failed 11 times elsewhere; NRC mum
• Jammed phones– Designers couldn’t talk to operators (users)
• Hydrogen bubble scare– Wrong formula... but where were the sensors?
The Zen of Troubleshooting
• one seeing > 1000 tellings
• one doing > 1000 seeings
• one sniffing > 1000 speculations