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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL FEDERICO VILLARREAL

FACULTAD DE INGENIERA GEOGRFICA, AMBIENTAL Y ECOTURISMO

ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERA GEOGRFICA

Informe 3

PRACTICA N

C!r"o # Topografa II

Profe"or # Ing. Jos Daz Chumbirizo

E"$!%&'n$e # HUERTA RAMOS JOHA EMAUE!

C(%&)o # *++***-*

A!.' # TA D /0-

Mar"#s$ %& '# S#p"i#mbr# '#( )*%).

!ima + ,#r-

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Universidad Federico VillarealFacultad de Ingeniera Geogrfca, Ambiental y

Ecoturismo

PRCTICA N1MERO

USO Y MANE2O DEL TEODOLITO

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Ecoturismo

INTRODUCCIN

E( "#o'o(i"o #s un ins"rum#n"o r#a(m#n"# n##sario / uni0#rsa( '# #n (a "opografa

a"ua(. 1 #s '# suma impor"ania para #( a(umno "#n#r onoimi#n"os sobr# #( man#2o /

#( uso '# #s"#.

En g#n#ra( #3is"#n 0arias maras '# "#o'o(i"os$ a'a ua( on par"iu(ari'a'#s 4u# #(

a(umno '#b# ono#r /a 4u# '# #s"os '#p#n'# ( por4u# s#r5 #sogi'o para (as fa#nas

'# "raba2o. E( rasgo prinipa( #n (os "#o'o(i"os #s #( "ipo '# p(oma'a$ #3is"#n "r#s "ipos

'# p(oma'a6 fsio$ 7p"ia / (as#r.

En pr5"ia$ (os "#o'o(i"os u"i(iza'os fu#ron (os '# mara CST89#rg#r$ mo'#(o DT8:A.

E( "raba2o '# #s"a s#mana fu# (a ons"rui7n '# un po(gono #rra'o u"i(izan'o #(

"#o'o(i"o / (a mira.

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Ecoturismo

I4 OB2ETIVOS

R#ono#r (as par"#s

Ob"#n#r on#p"os g#n#ra(#s sobr# #( man#2o / #( uso '#( "#o'o(i"o.

Ef#"uar #( #s"aionami#n"o

E2#u"ar (as m#'iion#s '# 5ngu(os horizon"a(#s / 0#r"ia(#s$ 'is"anias

II4 REVISION DE INFORMACION BIBLIOGRAFICA

TEODOLITO#

Un "#o'o(i"o #s un goni7m#"ro omp(#"o p#rf#iona'o$ on #( 4u# #s posib(# r#a(izar '#s'# (as

op#raion#s m5s simp(#s has"a (#0an"ami#n"os / r#p(an"#os mu/ pr#isos$ pu#s p#rmi"# m#'ir

5ngu(os on gran pr#isi7n$ m#'ian"# (a u"i(izai7n '# una a(i'a'a '# an"#o2o / '# (imbosomp(#m#n"a'os on nonios o on mir7m#"ros para po'#r a(anzar pr#ision#s '# has"a *$:;;.

E( "a4um#"ro pos## a'#m5s (os #(#m#n"os '#( "#o'o(i"o om-n. Un asp#"o mu/ impor"an"# 4u#

s# '#b# ui'ar #s 4u# #( apara"o #s" bi#n #n"ra'o$ pu#s ua(4ui#r '#sp(azami#n"o s# r#f(#2ar5

#n #rror#s angu(ar#s. R#ib# "ambin #( nombr# '# ins"rum#n"o uni0#rsa( por (a gran

0ari#'a' '# ap(iaion#s 4u# pu#'#n ob"#n#rs# on su #mp(#o< pu#'# onsi'#rars# omo

un goni7m#"ro omp(#"o apaz '# m#'ir 5ngu(os 0#r"ia(#s /

horizon"a(#s$ '#sni0#(#s / 'is"anias$ as omo para pro(ongar a(in#aion#s on gran pr#isi7n.

Aun4u# (os "#o'o(i"os 'ifi#r#n muho #n"r# s #n '#"a((#s '# ons"rui7n$ sus par"#s #s#nia(#sson an5(ogas #n "o'os. !os '# mo'#(o an"iua'o$ p#ro mu/ #n uso por no #s"ar b(in'a'os omo

(os mo'#rnos$ s# pr#s"an mu/ bi#n a (a '#sripi7n / (oa(izai7n '# sus pi#zas prinipa(#s.

PARTES PRINCIPALES

!as par"#s '#( "#o'o(i"o #sp#ia(m#n"# (os man'os / "orni((os '# (a op#rai7n su#(#n s#r

asigna'os on 0arios nombr#s$ p#ro "ambin son ((ama'os #n forma =g#nria> on (os nombr#s

4u# s# 'ar5n a on"inuai7n.

P'r$e" f!n%'men$'.e"#

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Ecoturismo

!imbo horizon"a(6 para (a (#"ura '# 5ngu(os horizon"a(#s.

!imbo 0#r"ia(6 para (a (#"ura '# 5ngu(os #ni"a(#s.

An"#o2o o "#(#sopio6 para (#"ura '# 'is"anias.

De"5r&65&(n )ener'.#

Tr76o%e#

Cab#za '# "rpo'#

Torni((o '# su2#i7n o fi2ai7n '# (a a(i'a'a

?anho '# p(oma'a '# gra0#'a'

Torni((os h#3agona(#s '# fi2ai7n '#( ab#za(

,a"as

Torni((os '# r#gu(ai7n '# pa"as

Es"ribos para fi2ai7n '# pa"as #n #( su#(o

A.&%'%'#

9as# ni0#(an"#6

,(a"aforma ni0#(an"#

,(aa #(5s"ia

Torni((o '# s#guri'a' '# fi2ai7n '# a(i'a'a

Torni((os a(an"#s o ni0#(an"#s

Torni((os '# fi2ai7n '# a(i'a'a a bas# ni0#(an"#

A(i'a'a propiam#n"# 'iha

i0#( "ubu(ar

!imbo 0#r"ia(

An"#o2o #sp#2o / 0#n"ana '# i(uminai7n

Co(ima'or '# pun"#ra

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Ecoturismo

Sopor"# o 'isposi"i0o '# ins#ri7n '# (a br-2u(a

,a(ana ob"ura'ora o '# pr#si7n '# a(i'a'a

Torni((o "ang#nia( o '# mo0. @ino '# a(i'a'a

,a(anas '# fi2ai7n / r#"#ni7n '# 5ngu(o horizon"a(

Co(umnas mon"an"#s o '# sopor"#

An$eo8o#

Ob2#"i0o

Ou(ar #ni"a(

Ou(ar '#( mirosopio '# (#"uras angu(ar#s

Torni((o b(o4u#a'or '# pr#si7n

Torni((o "ang#nia(

9o"7n '# i(uminai7n '#( r#"u(o

ELEMENTOS ACCESORIOS#

Tr76o%e"#S# u"i(izan para "raba2ar m#2or$ "i#n#n (a misma # 1 p#ro 'if#r#n"#

B /a 4u# "i#n# una a("ura< #( m5s u"i(iza'o #s #( '# m#s#"a. Ha/ unos #(#m#n"os

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Ecoturismo

'# uni7n para fi2ar #( "rpo'# a( apara"o. !os "orni((os ni0#(an"#s mu#0#n (a

p(a"aforma '#( "rpo'#< (a p(a"aforma ni0#(an"# "i#n# "r#s "orni((os para ons#guir

4u# #( #2# 0#r"ia( s#a 0#r"ia(.

Torn&..o %e 6re"&(n 9mo:&m&en$o )ener'.;#Torni((o mara'o #n amari((o$ s#

fi2a #( mo0imi#n"o par"iu(ar$ 4u# #s #( '# (os n'i#s$ / s# '#sp(aza #( 'iso

n#gro so(i'ario on #( apara"o. S# busa #( pun"o / s# fi2a #( "orni((o '# pr#si7n.

Torn&..o %e 5o&n5&%en5&' 9mo:&m&en$o 6'r$&5!.'r o .en$o;# Si ha/ 4u# 0isar un

pun"o (#2ano$ on #( pu(so no s# pu#'#$ para #n"rar #( pun"o s# u"i(iza #( "orni((o'# oini'#nia. Con #s"# mo0imi#n"o s# ha# oini'ir (a (n#a 0#r"ia( '# (a

ruz fi(ar on (a 0#r"ia( '#s#a'a. !os o"ros 'os "orni((os mu#0#n #( n'i# / as

s# pu#'#n m#'ir 5ngu(os o (#"uras aimu"a(#s on #sa ori#n"ai7n.

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Ecoturismo

METODOS PARA MEIDR ANGULOS TODO DEL NGULO SIMPLE

Consis"# #n uan"ifiar (a 'if#r#nia angu(ar '#( a(in#ami#n"o iniia( / fina(.

E( 5ngu(o horizon"a( ob"#ni'o "ambi#n "oma #( nombr# '#( 5ngu(o aimu"a( #n 0ir"u' a( aimu"

'# (as 0isua(#s iniia( / fina( r#sp#"o a un nor"# arbi"rario.

*; M>TODO DE REPETICIN

Consis"# #n m#'ir un 5ngu(o r#p#"i'as 0##s p#ro '# forma aumu(a'a.

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Ecoturismo

Con #s"# m"o'o s# pu#'# ob"#n#r #( 0a(or '# un 5ngu(o on ma/or pr#isi7n 4u# '#(

ins"rum#n"o on so(o ha#r #ro #n #( a(in#ami#n"o iniia( / "omar (a (#"ura fina( '# (a #nsima

r#p#"ii7n.

E( pro#'imi#n"o g#n#ra( s# #3p(ia a on"inuai7n6

Pr&mer 6'"o

S# ha# * #n #( prim#r a(in#ami#n"o 9A para (u#go ap(iar #( m"o'o '#( 5ngu(o simp(#.

Se)!n%o 6'"o

S# "ras(a'a (a (#"ura ob"#ni'a #n #( prim#r paso F a( a(in#ami#n"o '# par"i'a 9A a

on"inuai7n s# ap(ia nu#0am#n"# #( m"o'o '#( 5ngu(o simp(#.

Ter5er 6'"o

S# r#pi"# #( s#gun'o paso "an"as 0##s omo s# 4ui#ra$ ob"#ni#n'o una (#"ura fina( para a(u(ar

#( 5ngu(o busa'o$ bas"a 'i0i'ir (a (#"ura fina( #n"r# #( n-m#ro '# r#p#"iion#s

angulo=

lecturafinal

n

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Ecoturismo

3; M>TODO DE REITERACIN

Consis"# #n m#'ir un 5ngu(o 0arias 0##s$ "oman'o omo orig#n 'i0#rsos pun"os

'#( "ranspor"a'or.

Ca'a m#'i'a r#ib# #( nombr# '# r#i"#rai7n$ s#ri# o s#".

E( pro#'imi#n"o6

Pr&mer 6'"o

S# '#"#rmina (os 5ngu(os '# par"i'a apo/5n'os# #n (a sigui#n"# #3pr#si7n

incremento= 01vuelta

nde series

A on"inuai7n / a mo'o '# #2#mp(o numrio$ s# "omara omo n '# s#ri#s6 G

por (o 4u# #( inr#m#n"o s#r5 *$ (u#go6

"er&e An)!.o %e 6'r$&%'

% *****

) *****

%&*****

G )K*****

Se)!n%o 6'"o

S# ha# ***** #n #( prim#r a(in#ami#n"o para (u#go ap(iar #( m"o'o '#(

5ngu(o simp(#.

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Ecoturismo

Ter5er 6'"o

S# 0isa #( prim#r a(in#ami#n"o$ "oman'o omo orig#n *****$ para (u#go

ap(iar #( m"o'o '#( 5ngu(o simp(#.

C!'r$o 6'"o

S# 0isa #( prim#r a(in#ami#n"o$ "oman'o omo orig#n %&*****$ para (u#go

ap(iar #( m"o'o '#( 5ngu(o simp(#.

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Ecoturismo

METODOLOGA Y PROCEDIMIENTO

o Pro5e%&m&en$o en 5'm6o

E"$'5&on'm&en$o

,ara 4u# un "#o'o(i"o #s"# #n #s"aionami#n"o '#b# "#n#r i#r"as on'iion#s6

PLANTADO#

% Ubiar #( "rpo'# #n #( "#rr#no hai#n'o un "ri5ngu(o #4ui(5"#ro on

#n"ro #n (a #s"aa.

) @i2ar (a a(i'a'a '#( "#o'o(i"o sobr# #( ab#za( '#( "rpo'# m#'ian"# #(

"orni((o '# su2#i7n.

!(#0ar (os "orni((os a(an"#s o ni0#(an"#s a m#'ia arr#ra para fai(i"ar (a

ni0#(ai7n.

G Co(oar (a p(oma'a fsia #n #( ganho '#( "orni((o '# su2#i7n '# (a bas#

'#( "rpo'#.

: Si (a p(oma'a no a# sobr# #( pun"o '# #s"ai7n o #s"aa busar #(

#n"ra'o aor"an'o o a(argan'o (as pa"as '#( "rpo'# o '#sp(azan'o (as

pa"as sobr# #( "#rr#no has"a (ograr ha#r oini'ir on #( #n"ro '# (a

#s"aa.

NIVELACIN#

N i0#(ar #( ins"rum#n"o on #( ni0#( "ubu(ar on a/u'a '# (os "orni((os '#

fi2ai7n / ((#0ar #( ni0#( "ubu(ar a una posii7n para(#(a a un par '#

"orni((os ni0#(an"#s.

K !(#0ar (a burbu2a '#( ni0#( "ubu(ar a sus r#paros giran'o

simu("5n#am#n"# (os 'os "orni((os a(an"#s haia '#n"ro o haia fu#ra

s#g-n s#a #( aso.

& !(#0ar #( ni0#( "ubu(ar a (a posii7n p#rp#n'iu(ar on a/u'a '#( "orni((o

'# su2#i7n (u#go m#'ian"# #( #r "orni((o a(an"# ((#0ar (a burbu2a a su

r#paro.

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Ecoturismo

#rifiar (a ni0#(ai7n hai#n'o girar (a a(i'a'a N* si (a burbu2a '#(

ni0#( "ubu(ar p#rman## #n su r#paro #( "#o'o(i"o 4u#'ara ni0#(a'o para

ua(4ui#r 'ir#i7n.

CENTRADO#

%* Consis"# #n obs#r0ar (a oini'#nia '# (a p(oma'a on #( #n"ro '# (a

#s"aa. Si no #3is"# oini'#nia af(o2ar #( "orni((o '# fi2ai7n '# (a

a(i'a'a 4u# #s"5 #n #( ab#za( '#( "rpo'#$ para '#2ar #n mo0imi#n"o (aa(i'a'a.

%% !u#go mo0i#n'o o giran'o (a a(i'a'a s# (ogra 'iha oini'#nia / s#

fi2a '# #s"a forma '#fini"i0a (a oini'#nia on #( pun"o.

%) #rifiar (a ni0#(ai7n obs#r0an'o (a burbu2a / sus r#paros.

o Pro5e%&m&en$o %e )'&ne$e

En #s"a #"apa '#( "raba2o s# pro#'#r5 a sis"#ma"izar (a informai7n ob"#ni'a #n

#( "raba2o '# ampo.

D'$o" re5o)&%o" 6or e. M$o%o %e re6e$&5&(n

EST

ANGULO

S 1 LECT 2LECT 3LECT 4LECT

PROME

DIO

A+++-++

--

.#$$&-$$

--&)#"-"*

--*+$*'-#&--

*#)+$-+$--

/ .+++-++

--

0 "$+(-+$-$(*&-*)--

'""$-*"--

)"-+"--

0+++-++

--

1

"(+)-#(

--

%&*)-#(

--

($"(-$'

--

**"#(

-%$--

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Ecoturismo

D'$o" re5o)&%o" 6or e. M$o%o %e re&$er'5&(n

EST PV

LECTURAS LECTURAS

PROME

DIO

PROME

DIO

DIRECTA

INVERS

A

DIREC

TA

INVER

SA SERIE

ESTACI

ON

/A +

*(+++-++--

.#$$'-#+

--"*$$(-+$--

0"$+'-$%

--"+$+'-$%--

1"(*+-$)

--"+(**-"'--

A)+++-++

--"'+++-++--

.*"$$'-#+--

#+$$'-#+--

0**$+'-$%--

")$+'-$%--

1**(*+-$)--

")(*+-$)--

A*(+++-++--

+++-++--

."*$$'-#+--

#$$'-#+--

0"+$+'-$%--

"$+'-$%--

1"+(**-"'--

"(*+-$)--

A"'+++-++--

)+++-++--

. #+$$' *"$$'

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Ecoturismo

-#+-- -#+--

0")$+'-$%--

**$+'-$%--

1")(*+-$)--

**(*+-$)--

I4 RESULTADOS

; re"!.$'%o" %e .' M>TODO DE REPETICIN

EST

ANGULO

S 1 LECT 2LECT 3LECT 4LECT

PROME

DIO

A+++-++

--

.#$$&-$$

--&)#"-"*

--*+$*'-#&--

*#)+$-+$--

34461

/ .+++-++

--

0 "$+(-+$-$(*&-*)--

'""$-*"--

)"-+"--

248

0.5

0+++-++

--

1"(+)-#(

--%&*)-#(

--($"(-$'

--**"#(-%$--

289

43.5

*; re"!.$'%o" %e .' me%&%' %e .o" n)!.o" 6or e. M>TODO DE REITERACIN

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Ecoturismo

EST PV

LECTURAS LECTURAS

PROME

DIO

PROME

DIO

DIRECTA

INVERS

A DIRECTA

INVERS

A SERIE

ESTACIO

N

/A 0

18000

00

00000

00000

. #$$'-#+-- "*$$(-+$-- #$$'-#+-- #$$'-#+-- #$$'-#+--

0"$+'-$%

--"+$+'-$%--

"$+'-$%--

"$+'-$%--

"$+'-$%--

1"(*+-$)

--"+(**-"'--

"(*+-$)--

"(*+-$)--

"(*+-$)--

A

9000

00

27000

00

00000

00000

.*"$$'-#+--

#+$$'-#+--

#$$'-#+--

#$$'-#+--

#$$'-#+--

#$$'-#+--

0**$+'-$%--

")$+'-$%--

"$+'-$%--

"$+'-$%--

"$+'-$%--

1**(*+-$)--

")(*+-$)--

"(*+-$)--

"(*+-$)--

"(*+-$)--

A

18000

00

00000

00000

00000

.

"*$$'

-#+--

#$$'-#+

--

#$$'-#+

--

#$$'-#+

--

#$$'-#+

--

0"+$+'-$%--

"$+'-$%--

"$+'-$%--

"$+'-$%--

"$+'-$%--

"$+'-$%--

1"+(**-"'--

"(*+-$)--

"(*+-$)--

"(*+-$)--

"(*+-$)--

A

27000

00

9000

00

00000

00000

. #+$$'

-#+--

*"$$'

-#+--

#$$'-#+

--

#$$'-#+

--

#$$'-#+

--

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Ecoturismo

0")$+'-$%--

**$+'-$%--

"$+'-$%--

"$+'-$%--

"$+'-$%--

1")(*+-$)--

**(*+-$)--

"(*+-$)--

"(*+-$)--

"(*+-$)--

"(*+-$)--

CONCLUSIONES

S# ob"u0o muha informai7n a#ra '# (o 4u# #s$ ha# / omo funiona un"#o'o(i"o.

S# ompr#n'i7 (a m#"o'o(oga n##saria para ob"#n#r 'a"os on #( "#o'o(i"o.

E( uso '#( "#o'o(i"o #s mu/ impor"an"# #n (a ap(iai7n '# nu#s"ra arr#ra

prof#siona( / s# '#b# 'ominar su uso.

E( "#o'o(i"o a 'if#r#nia '#( ni0#( "i#n# muho m5s usos omo (a 'is"ania$5ngu(os horizon"a(#s / 0#r"ia(#s.

RECOMENDACIONES

S# r#omi#n'a "#n#r ui'a'o a( manipu(ar #( #4uipo.

S# '#b# armar un poo r5pi'o #( #4uipo p#ro on un bu#n r#su("a'o

Sab#r (os usos '# (os bo"on#s / "orni((os '#( #4uipo #n uso.

!as (#"uras '#b#n s#r m5s pr#isas "an"o '#( 4u# (## omo '# (os por"amiras

BIBLIOGRAFA

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Ecoturismo

Jorg# M#n'oza Du#as + Topografa.

TO,O?RA@IA 1 SUS A,!ICACIOES8 Dan"# A.A(5n"ara ?ara8prim#ra

#'ii7n8m3io )**K #'.,a"ria

?oog(# Ear"h.

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Ecoturismo

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