information on the flexible pedestrian legform impactor (flex …€¦ · information on the...
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Information on the Flexible Pedestrian Legform Impactor (Flex-PLI)
from J-MLIT Research
INF/GR/PS/106
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Government of Japan
(J-MLIT)
Construction
Thigh(RIGID)
Leg (RIGID)
Damper
KneeJoint
(Steel KneeBending Plate)
TRL-LFI Flex-PLI 2003
Thigh(FLEXIBLE)
Leg(FLEXIBLE)
Knee Joint*(ligament restraint
system)
Flex-PLI has higher biofidelic construction than the TRL-LFI
Validation of biofidelity
Biofidelity
Flex-PLI has high biofidelity
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Deflection (mm)
Mom
ent (
Nm
)
Corridor Lower
Corridor Upper
Corridor Avg.
FlexPLI 2003R Avg.
UVA Mid-Thigh Dynamic Bending Corridor
DDV/DCV Rating0.30 0 to 1 Excellent
1 to 2 Good2 to 3 Moderateover 3 Poor
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 10 20 30 40 50
Deflection (mm)
Mom
ent (
Nm
)
Corridor LowerCorridor UpperCorridor Avg.FlexPLI 2003R Avg.
UVA Mid-Leg Dynamic Bending Corridor
DDV/DCV Rating0.33 0 to 1 Excellent
1 to 2 Good2 to 3 Moderateover 3 Poor
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Angle (deg.)
Mom
ent (
Nm
)
Corridor Lower
Corridor Upper
Corridor Avg.
FlexPLI 2003R Avg.
UVA Knee Dynamic Bending Corridor
RatingDDV/DCV 0 to 1 Excellent
1.27 1 to 2 Good2 to 3 Moderateover 3 Poor
Flex-PLI 2003
Thigh(FLEXIBLE)
Leg(FLEXIBLE)
Knee Joint*(ligament restraint
system)
IHRA/PS/290
TRL-LFIcannot bend
TRL-LFIstiffer knee joint
TRL-LFIcannot bend
Measurement System
for Knee ligamentsinjury assessment
(Angle, Disp.)
for Leg injuryassessment
(Acc.)
Knee Shearing(displacement)
Knee Bending(angle)
Leg 0(acceleration)
TRL-LFI
Knee Joint
65 mm
Impact
for Leg Injury assessment
(strain)
for Knee ligamentsinjury assessment
(Elongation)PCL (elongation)MCL (elongation)
ACL (elongation)
LCL (elongation)
Flex-PLI 2003
Leg 1 (strain)
Leg 2 (strain)
Leg 3(strain)
Leg 4(strain)
Leg 5 (strain)
Thigh 1 (strain)
Thigh 2 (strain)
Thigh 3 (strain)
Thigh 4 (strain)
Knee Joint
92 mm
172 mm
252 mm
332 mm
93 mm
173 mm
253 mm
333 mm
413 mm
Lateral and Medial Condyle (force)
Impact
Flex-PLI has higher injury assessment ability than the TRL-LFI
no measurement
Kinematics
Flex-PLI Human FE-Model (THUMS)
TRL-LFI FE-Model of TRL-LFI
JASIC 2003 Report
Flex-PLI can simulate human lower extremity bending motion properly.(TRL-LFI can bend the knee joint portion only)
Knee bending only
Over all lower extremity bending motion is observed.
Repeatability for Thigh in dynamic certification test
Flex-PLI Thigh has high repeatability in dynamic certification test.
Repeatability test (20 times loading)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Deflection (mm)
Mom
ent (
Nm
)Thigh4-1
Thigh4-5
Thigh4-10
Thigh4-15
Thigh4-20
Repeatability for Leg in dynamic certification test
Flex-PLI Leg has high repeatability in dynamic certification test.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Deflection (mm)
Mom
ent (
Nm
)
Leg2-1
Leg2-5
Leg2-11
Leg2-16
Leg2-20
Repeatability test (20 times loading)
Re-product-ability for Thigh in dynamic certification test
Flex-PLI Thigh has high re-product-ability in dynamic certification test.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Deflection (mm)
Mom
ent (
Nm
)Thigh1-1
Thigh1-2
Thigh3-1
Thigh3-2
Thigh4-1
Thigh4-2
Re-product-ability test (3 products)
Re-producta-bility for Leg in dynamic certification test
Flex-PLI has high re-product-ability in dynamic certification test.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Deflection (mm)
Mom
ent (
Nm
)Leg2-1
Leg2-2
Leg4-1
Leg4-2
Leg6-1
Leg6-2
Re-product-ability test (3 products)
Flex-PLI 2003R Subsystem test
Repeatability in subsystem test
Flex-PLI has high repeatability in subsystem test.
Flex-PLI 2003 R
0
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.02
Thigh 4 Thigh 3 Thigh 2 Thigh 1 Leg 1 Leg 2 Leg 3 Leg 4 Leg 5
Str
ain
FR-T1FR-T2FR-T3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
ACL PCL MCLE
long
atio
n (m
m)
FR-T1FR-T2FR-T3
Thigh and Leg (strain) Knee (ligament elongation)
Discussion
Flex-PLI
TRL-LFI
Knee bending only
Over all lower extremity bending motion is observed.
from the KinematicsTRL-LFI has a possibility to mislead the protection way for the pedestrian lower extremity, since it cannot simulate the human lower extremity motion properly.
from the Measurement
TRL-LFI has a possibility to mislead the protection way for the pedestrian lower extremity, since it doesn’t have a measurement system for the injury assessment of the lower part of the leg.
for Knee ligamentsinjury assessment
(Angle, Disp.)
for Leg injuryassessment
(Acc.)
Knee Shearing(displacement)
Knee Bending(angle)
Leg 0(acceleration)
TRL-LFI
Knee Joint
65 mm
Impact
no measurement
TRL-LF cannot detect the lower part of the leg severity
Conclusions
•Flex-PLI has high biofidelity,higher injury assessment ability than the TRL-LFI,high repeatability and re-product-ability in
dynamic certification test,and high repeatability in the subsystem test with
production car.•TRL-LFI with the lack of biofidelity and insufficient
injury assessment ability may mislead the countermeasure for the pedestrian lower extremity protection.
•J-MLIT recommends to utilize the Flex-PLI as a tool for GTR/PS legform test .
Conclusions
Thank you for your attention!