information, decision support…
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Information, Decision Support…. Decision Making and Problem Solving Management Information Systems Decision Support Systems Group Decision Support Systems Hybrid and Special-Purpose Systems. Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off ringer. Chapter 9. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Succeeding with Technology
Information, Decision Support…
Decision Making and Problem Solving Management Information Systems Decision Support Systems Group Decision Support Systems Hybrid and Special-Purpose Systems
Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off ringer
Chapter 9
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9.1
Decision Making and Problem Solving
• Decision making• Problem solving• Programmed decisions• Nonprogrammed decisions• Optimization model• Heuristics
Key Terms
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Decision Making & Problem Solving Process
Intelligence Stage
Design Stage
Choice Stage
Implementation
Monitoring
Potential Problems and opportunities are identified and defined
Alternative solutions to the problem are developed
Select a course of action
Solution put into effect
Evaluate the implementation
Decision Making
Problem Solving
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MIS
Decision Types
Programmed decisionsStructured situations with well defined
relationshipsQuantifiable
Non-programmed decisionsIll-structured situations with vague or changing
relationships between variablesNot easily quantifiable in advance
DSS
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MIS vs. DSS
A MIS sheds light on a wide-range of common, day-to-day business decisions.
A DSS supports decision making for specific unique and difficult decisions.
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Optimization and Heuristic Approaches
An optimization model finds the best solution, usually the one that will best help individuals or organizations meet their goals.
Heuristics, often referred to as “rules of thumb”—commonly accepted guidelines or procedures that usually find a good solution, but not necessarily the optimal solution—are often used in the decision-making process.
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9.2
Management Information Systems
• Management Information System (MIS)• Business Intelligence• Scheduled report• Demand report• Exception report• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System
Key Terms
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Management Information Systems (MIS)
MIS: an information system designed to provide routine information to managers and decision makers
Business intelligence (BI): Technologies that are used to gather and report information that supports intelligent business decision making.
www.sas.com/technologies/bi
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MIS Input and Output
MIS
Corporate Databases
TransactionsDatabase
ExternalDatabases
Scheduledreports
Demandreports
Exceptionreports
in out
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Reports, Reports, Reports
www.cognos.com/products/business_intelligence/reporting_sapbw/
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Scheduled Reports are produced periodically on a schedule; daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, annualy, ect.
Demand Reports are developed to get certain information at a person’s request.
Exception Reports are automatically produced when a situation is unusual or requires action.
Reports
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ERP: integrates all data processing in an enterprise into one unified systemthat draws from a common database system.
Enterprise Resource Planning
ERP
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9.3
Decision Support Systems
• Decision Support System• What-if analysis• Goal-seeking analysis
Key Terms
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ExpertSystem (ES)
Transaction Processing System (TPS)
Management Information System (MIS)
DecisionSupport System (DSS)
greatercomplexityand intelligence,lessactivity
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Decision Support Systems
A decision support system (DSS) is an information system used to support problem-specific decision making.
www.epocrates.com
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What-if?
What-if analysis is the process of making hypothetical changes to problem data and observing the impact on the results.
What-if is used in projecting paths of hurricanes
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Goal-seeking
Goal-seeking analysis is the process of determining what problem data is required for a given result.
What must be done in order to safely withdraw troops within a year?
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9.4
Group Decision Support Systems
• Group decision support system (GDSS)• Groupware
Key Terms
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Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS)
A GDSS or computerized collaborative work system is designed to provide effective support in group decision-making settings.
A GDSS is flexible, supports anonymous input, and reduces negative group dynamics
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Groupware
GDSS software, called groupware, helps with joint work group scheduling, communication, and management.
www.lotus.com
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9.5
Hybrid and Special-Purpose Systems
• Knowledge Management System• Geographic information system (GIS)• Informatics
Key Terms
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Knowledge Management System
A knowledge management (KM) system assists an organization in capturing, storing, and distributing knowledge for use and reuse by the organization and sometimes by its partners and customers.
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Specialized Systems
A geographic information system (GIS) is capable of storing, manipulating, and displaying geographic or spatial information including maps of locations or regions around the world.
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Informatics
Informatics combines traditional disciplines, like science and medicine, with computer systems and technology.
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Chapter 9 Questions?
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