information and knowledge management - itu...information and knowledge management a risk manager’s...

Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeManagementManagement

A Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives PerspectiveDr Barbara CarbyDr Barbara Carby

The Cayman IslandsThe Cayman IslandsAtAt

CTO Conference, JamaicaCTO Conference, JamaicaSeptember 2006September 2006

[email protected]@gov.ky

Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspectives Perspective

WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT?WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT?


WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT?WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT?

The nonsense of 'knowledge The nonsense of 'knowledge management'management'

T.D. WilsonT.D. WilsonProfessor EmeritusProfessor EmeritusUniversity of Sheffield, UKUniversity of Sheffield, UKVisiting Professor, Visiting Professor, HHöögskolangskolan i i BorBorååssBorBorååss, Sweden, Sweden

mailto:[email protected]

Information and KnowledgeInformation and KnowledgeA Risk ManagerA Risk Manager’’s Perspective s Perspective

““THE NONSENSE OF KNOWLEDGETHE NONSENSE OF KNOWLEDGEMANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT””

!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!

Where !!!= consternationWhere !!!= consternation!!!!!! = Alarm!!!!!! = Alarm


Professor WilsonProfessor Wilson’’ssreview of literature showedreview of literature showedthat when that when ‘‘Knowledge Knowledge

ManagementManagement’’ was usedwas used‘‘Information ManagementInformation Management’’was describedwas described


WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE ?WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE ?


The state or fact of knowingThe state or fact of knowingLogical but not enlighteningLogical but not enlightening

Familiarity, awareness or Familiarity, awareness or understanding gained through understanding gained through experienceexperience


The sum or range of what The sum or range of what has been perceived, has been perceived, discovered and/or discovered and/or learnedlearned


Knowledge must involve Knowledge must involve human information human information processing and resides processing and resides in brainin brain


Can knowledge be Can knowledge be managed?managed?


Disaster/Risk Managers must Disaster/Risk Managers must ensure that the public isensure that the public isaware, alerted. Usually meansaware, alerted. Usually meansGiving Data and InformationGiving Data and Information


Using Storm systems as Using Storm systems as example, warning usually example, warning usually starts as data gathered by starts as data gathered by ““technologytechnology””, , Gets translated to Gets translated to information information (scientists ?)(scientists ?)


Needs further translation toNeeds further translation touseful informationuseful information


Transformation from Transformation from datadata to to useful informationuseful information involvesinvolves

‘‘KnowledgeKnowledge’’ as previously as previously defineddefined


This transformation is This transformation is criticalcritical

for most appropriate and for most appropriate and effective warning effective warning message to be given.message to be given.


Data (Storm System)Data (Storm System)(weather stations, satellites, radar)(weather stations, satellites, radar)

17N LAT, 76 W LONG17N LAT, 76 W LONGPressure 1004 millibarsPressure 1004 millibarsForward speed 15 kmhForward speed 15 kmhWind speed 60 kmhWind speed 60 kmh


That data useless to persons That data useless to persons who have not been exposed who have not been exposed to lat, long etc.to lat, long etc.

Has to be changed into Has to be changed into informationinformation


Storm is 100 miles (southwest of )Storm is 100 miles (southwest of )below Kingstonbelow KingstonMoving at a speed of x mph etcMoving at a speed of x mph etctowards Rocky Pointtowards Rocky Point(Some persons do not understand(Some persons do not understandMetric system)Metric system)


Knowledge must now be added Knowledge must now be added to give useful informationto give useful informationWinds will start at 2:00pmWinds will start at 2:00pm


Strong enough to blow small Strong enough to blow small cars off road, motorists using cars off road, motorists using Smith Road should be careful Smith Road should be careful as area known to have strong as area known to have strong winds.winds.


The Shore Road is like likely toThe Shore Road is like likely tobe impassable by 5:00pm be impassable by 5:00pm based on Projections etc.based on Projections etc.

Leave now !Leave now !


Data,Data,

InformationInformationProcessedProcessedBy HumanBy HumanBrain which appliesBrain which appliesknowledgeknowledge

USEFUL INFORMATION


Knowledge allows same data toKnowledge allows same data to

be adapted to various audiencesbe adapted to various audiences

applying appropriate applying appropriate communications technologycommunications technology


SAME DATASAME DATA

POLICY LEVEL POLICY LEVEL President to address NationPresident to address Nation(Mass media)(Mass media)

OPERATIONSOPERATIONS PrePre--stage, open sheltersstage, open shelters(radio, cell phone, pagers, email)(radio, cell phone, pagers, email)

COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY Evacuate Evacuate Mass media, radios, cell phones incMass media, radios, cell phones incmessages to multiple usersmessages to multiple users

POSTPOST--IMPACTIMPACT AssessmentAssessment -- Satellite phones, GPSSatellite phones, GPShandsets, handsets,


OR SAME DATA OR SAME DATA –– DO NOT GIVE DO NOT GIVE ALERT AT SAME TIMEALERT AT SAME TIME

Because the sum of what has been Because the sum of what has been perceived, discovered or learnt i.e. perceived, discovered or learnt i.e. knowledge, (mainly that public knowledge, (mainly that public doesndoesn’’t like t like ““false alarmsfalse alarms””) means ) means that future credibilitythat future credibility

must be factored into equationmust be factored into equation


Effective communication acknowledges Effective communication acknowledges validity of othersvalidity of others’’ knowledgeknowledge

Community too has Community too has ‘‘perceived, perceived, discovered and learntdiscovered and learnt’’, therefore , therefore they too have knowledge which is to they too have knowledge which is to be applied. Disaster management be applied. Disaster management officials must somehow integrate this officials must somehow integrate this knowledge into knowledge into ““officialofficial”” systemssystems


HOW CAN THE D/E/R MANAGEMENT HOW CAN THE D/E/R MANAGEMENT COMMUNTY BENEFIT FROM COMMUNTY BENEFIT FROM KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE

Since it cannot be Since it cannot be ““managedmanaged””??


LEADERSHIP MUST ENSURELEADERSHIP MUST ENSURE

EXPOSUREEXPOSURE to new technology, data, to new technology, data, information, experiences for RM information, experiences for RM staff, volunteers, community workers staff, volunteers, community workers –– leads to new knowledgeleads to new knowledge

RM RM -- Risk ManagementRisk Management


COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATIONSHARE knowledge SHARE knowledge –– must involve human must involve human

interaction interaction –– workshops, workshops, ee--discussion discussion groups,groups, scholarly and nonscholarly and non--scholarly scholarly writing,writing, use of cultural/popular mediause of cultural/popular media--internet (internet (regularlyregularly updated websites), updated websites), cable television, music videoscable television, music videos


COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

Note: Use of webNote: Use of web--based applicationsbased applicationsallows realallows real--time management of any event time management of any event

from any location with multiple user inputs from any location with multiple user inputs –– Virtual EOC including videoVirtual EOC including video--conferencingconferencing


RESEARCHRESEARCH

Gather data from a variety of sources Gather data from a variety of sources ––Physical/natural/social /behavioral sciencesPhysical/natural/social /behavioral sciencesTo help create new knowledge (or modified To help create new knowledge (or modified

knowledge?)knowledge?)


ANALYSIS AND FEEDBACKANALYSIS AND FEEDBACK

Analyse events, interventions, programmes, Analyse events, interventions, programmes, exercises etc. and feedback to improve exercises etc. and feedback to improve procedures, plans, ensure more efficient procedures, plans, ensure more efficient use of technology use of technology


Information and Communications Information and Communications Technology facilitates knowledge sharing Technology facilitates knowledge sharing –– allows wider allows wider –– global global –– reach of DRR reach of DRR message, allows manipulation of data to message, allows manipulation of data to permit modelling of complex systems permit modelling of complex systems ––and spatial displays of data (GIS) etc.and spatial displays of data (GIS) etc.

DRR DRR –– Disaster Risk ReductionDisaster Risk Reduction


SUMMARYSUMMARY

Knowledge is built from data and Knowledge is built from data and informationinformation

Requires integration of information Requires integration of information and communications technology and and communications technology and brain technology to ensure successfulbrain technology to ensure successfuldisaster risk reductiondisaster risk reduction


SUMMARYSUMMARY

““ManagementManagement”” must involve sharingmust involve sharingof :of :

Information and Communications Information and Communications TechnologyTechnology

Knowledge of technology and applicationsKnowledge of technology and applicationsincluding most appropriate technologyincluding most appropriate technologyfor circumstancesfor circumstances


SUMMARYSUMMARY

It is the responsibility of DRR leadership It is the responsibility of DRR leadership to ensure that :to ensure that :

i)i) Structures permitting sharing and Structures permitting sharing and exchange are developed and maintainedexchange are developed and maintainednecessarily includes application of necessarily includes application of available ICTavailable ICT

ii)ii) New knowledge is created and appliedNew knowledge is created and appliedDRRDRR-- Disaster Risk ReductionDisaster Risk Reduction

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