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Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

General Application

By By

Adedayo O.SAdedayo O.SA Paper Delivered During the General Staff Training for Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN) Abuja, 14th to 22nd April 2008

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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESFile managementFile managementFile SearchingFile SearchingGeneral PrintingGeneral PrintingWeb SearchingWeb SearchingE-mailE-mail

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File ManagementFile Management

A.A. Disk Drives Disk Drives

B.B. Folders and Files Folders and Files

C.C. Creating and Deleting a Folder Creating and Deleting a Folder

D.D. Cutting and Pasting a folderCutting and Pasting a folder

E.E. Moving or Copying a folder Moving or Copying a folder

F.F. Renaming a folderRenaming a folder

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Storage DevicesStorage DevicesRemovable Hard Drive Removable Hard Drive

Internal Hard Drive Internal Hard Drive

Flash Flash

PC Cards PC Cards

Storage Tapes Storage Tapes

Memory Sticks Memory Sticks

Floppy Disks Floppy Disks

Zip Disks Zip Disks

CD /DVDCD /DVD

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What are drives? What are drives? Drives are used to store data. Almost all Drives are used to store data. Almost all computers come with at least two drives: computers come with at least two drives: A A hard drivehard drive (which is used to store large (which is used to store large volumes of data) volumes of data) CD drive (which stores smaller volumes of data CD drive (which stores smaller volumes of data that can be easily transported from one that can be easily transported from one computer to another).computer to another).Hard drive is typically designated the C:\ drive Hard drive is typically designated the C:\ drive and the and the CD driveCD drive is typically designated the D:\ is typically designated the D:\ drive. drive. Floppy drive, it is typically designated the A:\ Floppy drive, it is typically designated the A:\ drive. If your hard drive is partitioned or if you drive. If your hard drive is partitioned or if you have additional drives, the letters E:\, F:\, G:\ have additional drives, the letters E:\, F:\, G:\ and so on are assignedand so on are assigned

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Floppy DrivesFloppy Drives

A A floppy drivefloppy drive (normally designated as (normally designated as thethe "A" "A" drive). This is the drive drive). This is the drive (accessible from the outside of the (accessible from the outside of the computer) into which you can insert and/or computer) into which you can insert and/or remove a floppy disk. One floppy diskette remove a floppy disk. One floppy diskette will hold 1.4 MB of data. If your file size is will hold 1.4 MB of data. If your file size is larger that 1.4 MB, it will not fit on one larger that 1.4 MB, it will not fit on one floppy diskette. floppy diskette.

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Hard DriveHard Drive

A A hard drivehard drive (normally designated as the (normally designated as the "C""C" drive). This is the internal storage unit drive). This is the internal storage unit of your computer. Normally, you will of your computer. Normally, you will install programs on it and store your data install programs on it and store your data on it. You cannot see the hard drive on it. You cannot see the hard drive unless you remove the case of the unless you remove the case of the computer. computer.

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CD-ROMCD-ROM Drives Drives

A A CD-ROM CD-ROM drive (normally designated as drive (normally designated as the the "D""D" drive or the "E" drive if your "C" drive or the "E" drive if your "C" drive is divided into two parts--C and D) is drive is divided into two parts--C and D) is accessed from outside the computer. accessed from outside the computer.

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USB Flash USB Flash Drives Drives

USB Flash Drive USB Flash Drive (normally designated as (normally designated as the the “E"“E" drive or the “F") is accessed from drive or the “F") is accessed from outside the computer through USB Flash outside the computer through USB Flash Disk with High Storage Memory Capacity.Disk with High Storage Memory Capacity.

Inserting a flash disk into drives Inserting a flash disk into drives automatically loads its content on your automatically loads its content on your screen. Always close usb flash disk before screen. Always close usb flash disk before removing it from the drive. removing it from the drive.

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Folders and FilesFolders and Files

Think of your disk drive as one big file Think of your disk drive as one big file cabinet. You will stash your work in the cabinet. You will stash your work in the file cabinet. But you can't just throw file cabinet. But you can't just throw documents in willy-nilly. You have to have documents in willy-nilly. You have to have an organizational structure to your filing an organizational structure to your filing system. system.

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Folders and Files Contd..Folders and Files Contd..

Windows organizes folders and files in a Windows organizes folders and files in a hierarchical system. hierarchical system.

The drive is the highest level of the The drive is the highest level of the hierarchy.hierarchy.

You can put all of your files on the drive You can put all of your files on the drive by creating folders and put related by creating folders and put related material together in folders. material together in folders. . .

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Folders and Files Contd..Folders and Files Contd..

Inside the folder, you will put your Inside the folder, you will put your documents. In order to be able to find documents. In order to be able to find your documents later within an overstuffed your documents later within an overstuffed folder, you will give each document a folder, you will give each document a name. On a PC, it is wise to use the name. On a PC, it is wise to use the following naming conventions for both following naming conventions for both folders and files: folders and files:

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Folders and Files Contd..Folders and Files Contd..

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Creating a FolderCreating a Folder

Click the drive or folder in which you Click the drive or folder in which you want to create the new folder. want to create the new folder.

Click any free area in the right pane. A Click any free area in the right pane. A context menu will appear. context menu will appear.

Highlight New. Highlight New.

Click Folder. Click Folder.

Type a name for the folderType a name for the folder..

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How do I delete a file or folder?How do I delete a file or folder?

To delete a file or folder: To delete a file or folder: Right-click the file or folder you Right-click the file or folder you

want to delete. A context menu will want to delete. A context menu will appear. appear.

Click Delete. Windows Explorer will Click Delete. Windows Explorer will ask, "Are sure you want to send this ask, "Are sure you want to send this object to the recycle bin?" object to the recycle bin?"

Click Yes. Click Yes.

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HOW DO I COPY A FILE OR FOLDER? HOW DO I COPY A FILE OR FOLDER?

To copy a file or folder: To copy a file or folder: Right-click the file or folder you want to copy. A Right-click the file or folder you want to copy. A context menu will appear. context menu will appear. Click Copy. The file or folder should now be on the Click Copy. The file or folder should now be on the Clipboard.Clipboard.

HOW DO I CUT A FILE OR FOLDER? HOW DO I CUT A FILE OR FOLDER?

To cut a file or folder: To cut a file or folder: Right-click the file or folder you want to cut. A Right-click the file or folder you want to cut. A context menu will appear. context menu will appear. Click Cut. The file or folder should now be on the Click Cut. The file or folder should now be on the Clipboard.Clipboard.

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HOW DO I PASTE A FILE OR FOLDER? HOW DO I PASTE A FILE OR FOLDER? To paste a file or folder: To paste a file or folder:

After cutting or copying the file, right-click the After cutting or copying the file, right-click the object or right-click in the right pane of the object or right-click in the right pane of the folder to which you want to paste. A context folder to which you want to paste. A context menu will appear. menu will appear.

Click Paste. Click Paste.

HOW DO I RENAME A FILE OR FOLDER? HOW DO I RENAME A FILE OR FOLDER? To rename a file or folder: To rename a file or folder:

Right-click the file or folder. A context menu Right-click the file or folder. A context menu will appear. will appear.

Click Rename. Click Rename.

Type the new name.Type the new name.

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Searching for files and folders Searching for files and folders

Search Companion offers the most direct way to Search Companion offers the most direct way to locate a file. locate a file. Use Search Companion if you are looking for Use Search Companion if you are looking for common file types,common file types, if you remember all or part of the name of the if you remember all or part of the name of the file or folder you want to find, or if you know file or folder you want to find, or if you know when you last changed a file. If you know only when you last changed a file. If you know only part of the name, you can use wildcard part of the name, you can use wildcard characters to locate all files or folders that characters to locate all files or folders that include that part in the name. include that part in the name. For example, *letter.* will find Holiday letter.doc, For example, *letter.* will find Holiday letter.doc, Special letter.doc, and Special letter.txt. Special letter.doc, and Special letter.txt.

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How do I install a new printer? How do I install a new printer?

To install a new To install a new printerprinter: : Make sure your printer is plugged in, connected Make sure your printer is plugged in, connected to your computer, turned on, and has paper in it. to your computer, turned on, and has paper in it. Click the Start button. The Start menu will Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear. appear. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear. Click Printers and Faxes. The Printers and Click Printers and Faxes. The Printers and Faxes control panel will appear. Faxes control panel will appear. Double-click on Add Printer. The Add Printer Double-click on Add Printer. The Add Printer Wizard will open. Wizard will open. Follow the onscreen instructions. Follow the onscreen instructions.

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How do I cancel a print job? How do I cancel a print job?

To cancel a To cancel a print jobprint job: : Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear. Click the Start button. The Start menu will appear. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear. Highlight Settings. A submenu will appear. Click Printers and Faxes. The Printers and Faxes control Click Printers and Faxes. The Printers and Faxes control panel will appear. panel will appear. Double-click the printer to which you sent the print jobs. Double-click the printer to which you sent the print jobs. The Printer window will open. The Printer window will open. Click the job you want to stop. If you want to stop more Click the job you want to stop. If you want to stop more than one job, hold down the Control key while you click than one job, hold down the Control key while you click the additional jobs. the additional jobs. Click Document, which is located on the Click Document, which is located on the menu barmenu bar. . Click Cancel. Click Cancel.

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Web SearchingWeb Searching

Searching the Web is not easy. There is a Searching the Web is not easy. There is a lot of junk out there, and it can be lot of junk out there, and it can be frustrating to sift through it all. I would frustrating to sift through it all. I would imagine you have tried to use the search imagine you have tried to use the search engines like Google, yahoo, Alta Vista or engines like Google, yahoo, Alta Vista or Lycos, and have run into the fact that its Lycos, and have run into the fact that its difficult to easily find the information you difficult to easily find the information you need need

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Search TermsSearch Terms

Phrase searchingPhrase searching

Boolean logicBoolean logic

Pseudo-Boolean logicPseudo-Boolean logic

Term weighting. Term weighting.

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Phrase SearchingPhrase Searching

Phrase searching is the most powerful of Phrase searching is the most powerful of the combination techniques, and you the combination techniques, and you should should alwaysalways use it if possible. When use it if possible. When you are creating your search terms, if you are creating your search terms, if there are words that usually go together in there are words that usually go together in a phrase, you can indicate that by placing a phrase, you can indicate that by placing them in quotes (such as "PC-Compatible them in quotes (such as "PC-Compatible computer" or "Scott Nicholson").computer" or "Scott Nicholson").

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Boolean LogicBoolean Logic

This is placing the words AND, OR, and This is placing the words AND, OR, and NOT to indicate a relationship between the NOT to indicate a relationship between the search terms for the web database. search terms for the web database.

AND - By putting the word AND between AND - By putting the word AND between two terms, you are telling the database two terms, you are telling the database "I want to find pages that have both of "I want to find pages that have both of these terms. these terms.

For example "buy" AND "PC "For example "buy" AND "PC "

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Pseudo-Boolean LogicPseudo-Boolean Logic

Many of the search engines allow "natural Many of the search engines allow "natural language" searching, which involves two language" searching, which involves two symbols, + and - for psuedo-boolean operations.symbols, + and - for psuedo-boolean operations.If you include a - before a search term or If you include a - before a search term or phrase, it means that the term should NOT be in phrase, it means that the term should NOT be in all sites that are returned. It's similar to the all sites that are returned. It's similar to the Boolean NOT. Boolean NOT. If you include a + before a search term or a If you include a + before a search term or a phrase, it means that the term MUST be in all phrase, it means that the term MUST be in all sites that are returned. It's very similar to a sites that are returned. It's very similar to a Boolean AND Boolean AND E.g E.g +"Scott Nicholson"+"Scott Nicholson"

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Term WeightingTerm Weighting

The final thing you can do to combine your The final thing you can do to combine your terms is to weight them. By "weighting", terms is to weight them. By "weighting", you're telling the search engine that some you're telling the search engine that some terms are more important to you than terms are more important to you than other terms. In our example, we might feel other terms. In our example, we might feel that "Pentium" is more important than the that "Pentium" is more important than the rest of the terms, and while they are still rest of the terms, and while they are still important, we really need to make sure it's important, we really need to make sure it's got "Pentium".got "Pentium".

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Steps to using Search Engines Steps to using Search Engines

Specify and Simplify your search request. Specify and Simplify your search request. Break the request up into search facets. Break the request up into search facets. Develop synonyms for each facet. Develop synonyms for each facet. Create phrases when possible. Create phrases when possible. Link the synonyms for each facet together with Link the synonyms for each facet together with OR, and link the facets together with AND. OR, and link the facets together with AND. Go through at least 50 results before starting Go through at least 50 results before starting again. again. Use pages that are similar to the one you want for Use pages that are similar to the one you want for new synonyms and facets to add. new synonyms and facets to add.

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E- MailE- MailWeb-based email or webmail is a term referring Web-based email or webmail is a term referring to an e-mail service intended to be primarily to an e-mail service intended to be primarily accessed via a web browser.accessed via a web browser.

One of the earliest Webmail services was One of the earliest Webmail services was Hotmail, Yahoo! Mail, Gmail and AOLHotmail, Yahoo! Mail, Gmail and AOL

A major advantage of web-based email over A major advantage of web-based email over application-based email is that a user has the application-based email is that a user has the ability to access their inbox from any Internet-ability to access their inbox from any Internet-connected computer around the world. connected computer around the world.

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THANK YOU.THANK YOU.