information and communication ... -...
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Information and Communication Technology in Emerging Markets:
Central Asia
CAICT Project
Principal Investigators: Drs. Beth Kolko, Eric McGlinchey, Jan Spyridakis
Graduate Research Assistants: Shoshana Billik, Kathleen Gygi, Erica Johnson, Emma Rose, Carolyn Wei
Undergraduate Research Assistants: Mark Licata, Odina Salihbaeva, Desiree Willis
Funded by NSF Grant #NSF-0326101
Overview
•Introduction
•Internet use
•Culture and the Internet
•Future Implications
Young girl in a computer lab in Uzbekistan.Photo: www.irex.org/eurasia.
Project BackgroundThe Central Asia + Information and Communication Technology (CAICT) Project has many ongoing research areas:
• Mobile phone use in Uzbekistan• Central Asian chat sites and forums• Regional surveys of information-seeking
patterns and interaction with technology• Interviews of teachers, healthcare
professionals, IT professionals and businesspeople
• Regional analysis of internet access points
Who are Central Asian Internet users?
13.5 11.65.6 3.3
0
25
50
75
100
Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Uzbekistan
Countries
Perc
enta
ge
Figure 1. Percentage of respondents who go online to access the Internetn = 1000 for all countries.
Students in a computer lab in Termiz, Uzbekistan.
Photo: Carolyn Wei
Who are Central Asian Internet users? (cont’d)
14.7
10.1
3.31.9
12.213.5
7.7
5.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Uzbekistan
Country
Perc
enta
ge
womenmen
Figure 2. Internet Usage by GenderKz women: n = 523. Kz men: n = 477. Kg women: n = 563. Kg men: n = 437. Tj women: n = 482. Tj men: n = 518. Uz women: n = 536. Uz men: n = 464.
Who are Central Asian Internet users? (cont’d)
0102030405060708090
100
Perc
enta
ge no, I used tono, neveryes
Upper Middle Lower
Figure 3. Percentage of Internet users by socioeconomic status in KazakhstanUpper: n = 26. Middle: n = 820. Lower: n = 150.
Where do they access the Internet?
48.7
28.525 23.7
12
2.4 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.30
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Perc
enta
ge o
f res
pond
ents
Internet café WorkSchoolHomeFriend or relative's homeNGO or public access pointHome officeAt spouse's workLibraryDon't know/refused
Internet café in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Photo: Carolyn Wei.
Figure 4. Internet use by location n =1000 for all countries.
School computer lab in Qarshi, Uzbekistan. Photo: Carolyn Wei.
How are they using the Internet?
0123456789
10
Perc
enta
ge
Uzbekistan
Tajikistan
Kygyzstan
Kazakhstan
Several times a day
Once a day
3-5 times a week
1-2 days a week
Every few weeks
Less often
Figure 5. Frequency of Internet use. n =1000 for all countries.
How are they using the Internet? (cont’d)
01
2345
678
910
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of u
sers
w atching movies
using Voice-Over IP
w eb cam chatting
gaming
w ord processing
chatting
w eb brow sing
emailing
Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Uzbekistan
Figure 6. Mean number of users performing various tasks at access points at time of visit. ‘n’ = the number of visits recorded. Kazakhstan: n = 17. Kyrgyzstan: n = 262. Tajikistan: n = 82. Uzbekistan: n = 77.
How are they using the Internet? (cont’d)Several trends in Internet usage are occurring in Central Asia:
•Type of activity varies by country
•Most users access the Internet once or twice a week
•Many people use chat sites and online forums to talk to friends and voice their opinions
Kyrgyz chat site Shalash. http://chat.kg.
How does Internet use interact with culture?
0102030405060708090
100Pe
rcen
tage very untrustworthy
untrustworhtytrustworthyvery trustworthy
KyrgyzstanKazakhstan Tajikistan Uzbekistan
Figure 7. Trustworthiness of information from the Internetn = 1000 for all countries.
How does Internet use interact with culture? (cont’d)
18.7
36.8
20
33.3
81.3
63.2
80
66.7
0102030405060708090
100Pe
rcen
tage
yes
no
Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Uzbekistan
Figure 8. Percentage of Internet users who think that the Internet gives people a voice in politics.
n = 1000 for all countries.
How does Internet use interact with culture? (cont’d)
0
20
40
60
80
100Pe
rcen
tage
strongly disagree
disagree
agree
strongly agree
Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Uzbekistan
Figure 9. Level of agreement with the phrase “The government monitors Internet activity”
n = 1000 for all countries.
How does Internet use interact with culture? (cont’d)
0102030405060708090
100
Perc
enta
ge strongly disagree
disagree
agree
strongly agree
Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Uzbekistan
Figure 10. Level of agreement with the phrase “The Internet contains a great deal of immoral material”n = 1000 for all countries.
Future Implications•Informing design processes in Central Asia and other emerging markets•Documenting and understanding information seeking behavior•Creating ICT for Development projects•Developing localized software and access points based on culture
Internet café. Photo: Beth Kolko