informal reading inventory - appalachian state...

Informal

Reading

Inventory

2008

Copyright Catherine Poprik Kornegay exclusively grants to the Adult Basic Skills Professional Development Project and the North Carolina State Board of Community Colleges, its officers and employees, and volunteers affiliated with North Carolina community-based literacy organizations acting within the scope of their duties a royalty-free, irrevocable license to reproduce and use this Informal Reading Inventory in connection with education, research, and public service functions. This Informal Reading Inventory may not, in whole or in part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or converted to any electronic or machine readable form by any individual or organization other than the above mentioned parties without prior written consent of the Adult Basic Skills Professional Development Project acting in partnership with Catherine Kornegay. © 2008, 1988 Catherine Poprik Kornegay For additional copies or information, please contact:

Adult Basic Skills Professional Development Project Appalachian State University ASU Box 32047 Boone, NC 28608-2047 (828) 262-2269 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.abspd.appstate.edu OR Catherine Poprik Kornegay 2009 Cobblestone Place Fayetteville, NC 28304 E-mail: [email protected]

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Informal Reading

Inventory

Student Testing Materials

p o i u y t r e w q l

k j h g f d s a m z n

x b c v 7 3 8 4 1 9 2

A B

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

boat

men

brown

children

ready

train

soon

told

another

birthday

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

slide

wheels

pencil

strange

dollars

blow

mouth

believe

whisper

mail

H

Susan is looking forward to homecoming at her church. The big event has been highly publicized through television, radio, and pamphlets. Everyone from her hometown will be there to share in the festivities. While the adults socialize, the toddlers will enjoy supervised activities. Happy feelings seem to be contagious at this time. No matter how burned-out one feels at the start, a change manages to take place. Perhaps we all need more happiness surrounding us.

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L A K S J D H F G M

Z N X B C V Q P W O

E I R U T Y



x b c v 7 3 8 4 1 9 2

- 3 -

AAA AA 1. 2.

3.

4. 5.

6. 7.

8. 9.

10.

at car

down

said big

is me

fish play

little

1. 2.

3.

4. 5.

6. 7.

8. 9.

10.

saw green

today

game something

was thank

about house

think

- 4 -

A B 1. 2.

3.

4. 5.

6. 7.

8. 9.

10.

boat men

brown

children ready

train soon

told another

birthday

1. 2.

3.

4. 5.

6. 7.

8. 9.

10.

slide wheels

pencil

strange dollars

blow mouth

believe whisper

mail

- 5 -

C D 1. 2.

3.

4. 5.

6. 7.

8. 9.

10.

cousin unusual

drown

pale disappointed

cork dozen

flight lamp

zip

1. 2.

3.

4. 5.

6. 7.

8. 9.

10.

awkward nephew

cowards

trousers knowledge

argue cartoon

daily habit

item

- 6 -

E F

1. 2.

3.

4. 5.

6. 7.

8. 9.

10.

notched moisture

trial

dessert notions

applause agony

fraction error

origin

1. 2.

3.

4. 5.

6. 7.

8. 9.

10.

contrary wreath

hustling

sandals dispose

plateau conceal

expense hue

obedient

- 7 -

G H 1. 2.

3.

4. 5.

6. 7.

8. 9.

10.

expanse hinder

curfew

heir motto

prune margarine

liable vapor

warrant

1. 2.

3.

4. 5.

6. 7.

8. 9.

10.

humbly intersect

legible

knowingly scant

tangible video

withheld transition

urgency

- 8 -

AAA

Bob and Sue have to get a car.

The old car will not run.

They have a big dog.

The dog likes to ride in the car.

Bob and Sue like to fish, too.

The car they get will have to be big.

Sue wants it to be blue.

Bob says he wants a red car.

- 9 -

AA

The boys are playing ball next to the house.

Mother and Father look out the window.

They see Bill pick up a bat.

John has a ball.

The ball flies into the street and under the truck.

There is a lot of water under the truck.

Father runs outside to find the ball.

Mother calls the boys into the house.

When Father looks up, he is surprised.

Where did the boys go?

He goes to the house and opens the door.

The boys laugh.

Father looks like he went swimming!

- 10 -

A

Lee and Ann took their children to the zoo.

The children wanted to see everything.

“Let’s look at the tigers first,” said Cindy.

They watched the tigers play on the stone.

“Can we see the snakes?” asked Tom.

“Yes,” said Ann, “then we will go to the petting zoo.”

Cindy didn’t like the snakes.

At the petting zoo, they saw horses and sheep.

A clown picked Cindy up so she could pet the horse.

It began to get dark.

Lee said, “It’s time to go home.”

Everyone got in the car and Lee started home.

- 11 -

B

John and Mary have an apartment in the city.

He is a doctor and she works at the bank.

They are planning to go to the beach Friday.

“We need to pack our things tonight so we’ll be

ready to go after work tomorrow,” said John.

“Yes,” agreed Mary, “I suppose we should.”

“What kind of weather will we have?” asked

John.

Mary told him the days would be sunny, but it

might rain Saturday night.

They decided to take some warm clothes for the

evenings.

“We’ll need towels for the beach,” said Mary.

Soon they had their bags packed.

“Let’s get some sleep, Mary,” said John.

- 12 -

C

“Jean, I will be bringing a guest for dinner tonight,”

said Mark. “Is it someone I know, Mark?” asked

Jean. “No. He is a new member of the company,”

Mark said. Jean asked, “What should I serve?” They

decided to have chicken with vegetables and rice.

While Mark was at work, Jean went downtown to

shop. She picked up chicken, mushrooms, carrots,

and a tomato. Then she bought a pumpkin pie. As

Jean arrived home, her excitement grew. She enjoyed

planning dinners for special events. When Mark and

his guest arrived, dinner was ready. “Delicious, as

usual, Jean,” said Mark.

- 13 -

D

Charlie lives in a small farming community. He

works outside a lot and wears overalls or jeans. On

his farm, Charlie grows corn, cabbage, and green

beans. He also has some animals, including a hog

and horses. Charlie likes to see a cool rain shower,

but doesn’t like the ground to freeze. Every day on

the farm has to be scheduled so that nothing is

neglected. Though farming is hard work, Charlie

thinks it is rewarding. Charlie takes care of himself

and enjoys his independence.

- 14 -

E

Frank and Marie decided to spend the weekend at

the lake. After packing their camper, they began the

short trip. They planned to spend some time fishing

and then hike around the lake. Marie caught a

couple of trout and some smaller fish. Meeting with

some difficulties, Marie asked Frank to help her

remove one of the fish from the hook. When they

quit fishing, Frank suggested a walk. Their hike

around the lake brought them close to many

animals. Frank directed Marie’s attention to a

beehive hanging from a tree. As they neared their

camper again, Marie noticed a fawn standing in the

clearing. She made Frank stop and stand very still.

Frank and Marie watched until the fawn walked

contentedly away.

- 15 -

F

Martin is an insurance investigator for a large

company. During the day, he works feverishly to

complete his assignments. In the evening, Martin

likes to go to the recreation center in town. He lifts

weights first and then swims laps in the pool.

Sometimes, when he is more fatigued from work,

Martin goes straight home. Then, he temporarily

escapes the world with some of his favorite

literature. Poetry and nonfiction are the most

fascinating to Martin. After reading several poems,

or a chapter in a book, he finds it easier to relax and

go to sleep.

- 16 -

G

Today is Jane and Rick’s first anniversary. For this momentous occasion, they have special surprises for each other. Jane has planned a quiet, romantic dinner for two by candlelight. She also purchased a pocketknife for Rick. It is one he admired in a mail-order catalog. Rick, meanwhile, has had the local cabinetmaker build a corner cupboard for Jane. In addition, she will find a calico cat waiting for her in the den. The past year has been a happy one for both Rick and Jane.

- 17 -

H


- 18 -

Informal Reading

Inventory

Instructor Scoring Materials

Comprehension Word Identification

Detail Sight Words

Sequence Context Clues

Vocabulary Meaning Initial Consonants

Main Idea Initial Consonants Blends

Making Predictions Final Consonants

Inferences Structural Analysis

Evaluation Syllabication Gen.

Making Generalizations Short/Long Vowels

Application Variant Vowels

Questions for Level D

F 1. What kind of work does Charlie do? (farming)

VOC 2. What does the word “overalls” mean? (loose-fitting trousers with bib front and shoulder straps)

I 3. Why does Charlie like rain? (crops need water)

I 4. Why doesn’t he like the ground to freeze? (could damage crops)

VOC 5. What does the word “neglected” mean? (overlooked/not taken care of)

Percent of Word Identification in Context

0=100% 1=99% 2=98% 3=96% 4=95% 5=94%

Reading Level Independent Instructional Frustration

Percent of Comprehension 0=100% 1=90% 2=80% 3=70% 4=60%

- 19 -

Minimum Information Flow Chart

Student’s Name Date

Student’s Goals Location

Student’s Interests Instructor

Stage 1: Determine the student’s instructional reading level. (Comprehension at least 70% with 95-98% word identification)

<AAA AAA AA A B C D E F G H I

<PP PP P 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9+

Key Independent Instructional Frustration

Stage 2: Determine what is necessary to turn the instructional level into an independent level. Rank in order priorities for instructional emphasis (#1 is of most importance).

______ Comprehension ______ Word Identification

Stage 3: Determine which sub-skill(s) need special attention. Comprehension Word Identification

Detail Sight Words Sequence Context Clues Vocabulary Meaning Initial Consonants Main Idea Initial Consonants Blends/Digraphs Making Predictions Final Consonants Inferences Structural Analysis Evaluation Syllabication Gen. Making Generalizations Short/Long Vowels

Get comprehension information from an Informal Reading Inventory and/or during instruction.

Get word identification information from Informal Reading Inventory, miscue analysis collected and/or during instruction.

Application Variant Vowels

Scoring Guide for use with page 2 Student’s Name ______________________________

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L A K S J D H F G M

Z N X B C V Q P W O

E I R U T Y

Comments: __________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________



x b c v 7 3 8 4 1 9 2

Scoring Guide for use with word lists on pages 3-7 Student’s Name __________________________________

- 21 -

AAA AA A B C 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

at

car

down

said

big

is

me

fish

play

little

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

saw

green

today

game

something

was

thank

about

house

think

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

boat

men

brown

children

ready

train

soon

told

another

birthday

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

slide

wheels

pencil

strange

dollars

blow

mouth

believe

whisper

mail

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

cousin

unusual

drown

pale

disappointed

cork

dozen

flight

lamp

zip

D E F G H 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

awkward

nephew

cowards

trousers

knowledge

argue

cartoon

daily

habit

item

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

notched

moisture

trial

dessert

notions

applause

agony

fraction

error

origin

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

contrary

wreath

hustling

sandals

dispose

plateau

conceal

expense

hue

obedient

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

expanse

hinder

curfew

heir

motto

prune

margarine

liable

vapor

warrant

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

humbly

intersect

legible

knowingly

scant

tangible

video

withheld

transition

urgency

Comments: ________________________________________________________________________________________________

Scoring Guide for use with page 8 Student’s Name ____________________________________

- 22 -

Questions for Level AAA

F, I 1. What kind of car will Bob look for? (new or used, big, blue/red)

MI 2. What is a good title for this story? (The New Car…any reasonable answer)

F, I 3. Why do they need a big car? (carry dog, fishing equipment)

VOC 4. Who are “they” in the story? (Bob and Sue)

I 5. Who will look for the car? (Bob and Sue)

AAA Bob and Sue have to get a car.

The old car will not run.

They have a big dog.

The dog likes to ride in the car.

Bob and Sue like to fish, too.

The car they get will have to be big.

Sue wants it to be blue.

Bob says he wants a red car.

I 6. If the story continued, what would happen next? Why? (accept any reasonable answer)

Scoring Guide AAA

Percent of Word Identification in Context 0=100% 1=98% 2=96% 3=95% 4=94%

Reading Level Independent Instructional Frustration Percent of

Comprehension 0=100% 1=83% 2=67%


- 23 -

Questions for Level AA MI 1. What title would you give this story?

(The Ball Game…any reasonable answer) I 2. Why does the ball fly into the street?

(Bill hit it…John threw it) F 3. Where does the ball go when it gets into the

street? (under a truck) F 4. Who goes to find the ball?

(Father) I 5. Why did Mother call the boys inside?

(for a joke…for a drink..) F, I 6. Why is Father surprised?

(the boys are gone) F, SEQ 7. What does he do next?

(goes to the house, opens the door) F 8. Why do the boys laugh?

(Father is wet/looks like he’s been swimming) I 9. How did Father get wet?

(had to crawl under truck for ball/water there)

AA The boys are playing ball next to the house.

Mother and Father look out the window.

They see Bill pick up a bat.

John has a ball.

The ball flies into the street and under the truck.

There is a lot of water under the truck.

Father runs outside to find the ball.

Mother calls the boys into the house.

When Father looks up, he is surprised.

Where did the boys go?

He goes to the house and opens the door.

The boys laugh.

Father looks like he went swimming! E 10. How would you get the ball out from under the truck? (any reasonable answer)

Scoring Guide AA

Percent of Word Identification in Context 0=100% 1=99% 2=98% 3=97% 4=96% 5=94%


Comprehension 0=100% 1=90% 2=80% 3=70% 4=60%


- 24 -

Questions for Level A F 1. Where did Lee and Ann take the children?

(to the zoo) F 2. What did they see at the zoo?

(tigers, snakes, horses, sheep) MI 3. What is a good title for this story?

(A Visit to the Zoo…) F, I 4. How did Cindy feel about the snakes?

(didn’t like them/scared) VOC 5. What is a petting zoo?

(place where you can touch the animals) I 6. The clown picked Cindy up to pet the horse. Why?

(she is very small/short…the horse was big) SEQ 7. What happened when it began to get dark?

(Lee said “it’s time to go home.” They got in the car.) I, VOC 8. What does the phrase “…Lee started home”

mean? (began driving toward home) I 9. Who are Lee and Ann?

(parents)

A

Lee and Ann took their children to the zoo.

The children wanted to see everything.

“Let’s look at the tigers first,” said Cindy.

They watched the tigers play on the stone.

“Can we see the snakes?” asked Tom.

“Yes,” said Ann, “then we will go to the petting zoo.”

Cindy didn’t like the snakes.

At the petting zoo, they saw horses and sheep.

A clown picked Cindy up so she could pet the horse.

It began to get dark.

Lee said, “It’s time to go home.”

Everyone got in the car and Lee started home.

E 10. How do you think the children felt about their visit to the zoo? (any reasonable answer)

Scoring Guide A

Percent of Word Identification in Context 0=100% 1=99% 2=98% 3=97% 4=96% 5=95% 6=94%




- 25 -

Questions for Level B F 1. Where do John and Mary live?

(apartment in the city) F 2. Where does Mary work?

(bank) MI 3. What is a good title for this story?

(Packing for the Beach…) F, I 4. Why did Mary and John decide to take some warm

clothes? (it might rain/may be cool in the evenings…

I 5. What will they do with towels at the beach? (lie on them/sun/dry off…)

VOC 6. What does the phrase “…their bags…” mean in the story? (suitcases/what they carry their things in)

F, I 7. When did they pack? (night before leaving/Thursday night)

I 8. Why do Mary and John need to get some sleep? (to be ready for Friday/it’s late/long trip after work…)

E 9. What else might they have packed for the trip? (swimsuit/suntan lotion/shorts…)

B

John and Mary have an apartment in the city. He is a doctor and she works at the bank. They are planning to go to the beach Friday. “We need to pack our things tonight so we’ll be ready to go after work tomorrow,” said John. “Yes,” agreed Mary, “I suppose we should.” “What kind of weather will we have?” asked John. Mary told him the days would be sunny, but it might rain Saturday night. They decided to take some warm clothes for the evenings. “We’ll need towels for the beach,” said Mary. Soon they had their bags packed. “Let’s get some sleep, Mary,” said John.

I 10. Why did John ask about the weather forecast? (to know what to pack, to wear…)

Scoring Guide: B Percent of Word

Identification in Context 0=100% 1=99% 2=98% 3=97% 4=96% 5=95% 6=94%




- 26 -

Questions for Level C F 1. Who is Mark bringing home for dinner?

(guest/new member of company) MI 2. What is a good title for this story?

(Dinner Guest/Planning for Dinner…) F, I 3. Where did Jean go to shop?

(downtown/grocery store) SEQ 4. What did she do after she bought the chicken

and vegetables? (bought a pumpkin pie) VOC 5. What does the word “delicious” mean in the

story? (tastes good) I 6. How did Jean feel about Mark bringing

someone for dinner? (happy/excited) F 7. Did Jean know the person Mark brought for

dinner? (no – he was new) F 8. Was the guest a man or a woman?

(man) VOC 9. How did you know?

(used pronoun “he”)

C

“Jean, I will be bringing a guest for dinner tonight, said Mark. “Is it someone I know, Mark?” asked Jean. “No. He is a new member of the company,” Mark said. Jean asked, “What should I serve?” They decided to have chicken with vegetables and rice. While Mark was at work, Jean went downtown to shop. She picked up chicken, mushrooms, carrots, and a tomato. Then she bought a pumpkin pie. As Jean arrived home, her excitement grew. She enjoyed planning dinners for special events. When Mark and his guest arrived, dinner was ready. “Delicious, as usual, Jean,” said Mark.

SEQ 10. What happened after Jean bought the pie?

(she went home)

Scoring Guide: C Percent of Word

Identification in Context 0=100% 1=99% 2=98% 3=97% 4=96% 5=95% 6=94%


Comprehension 0=100% 1=90% 2=80% 3=70%


- 27 -

Questions for Level D F 1. What kind of work does Charlie do?

(farming) VOC 2. What does the word “overalls” mean?

(loose-fitting trousers with bib front and shoulder straps)

I 3. Why does Charlie like rain? (crops need water)

I 4. Why doesn’t he like the ground to freeze? (could damage crops)

VOC 5. What does the word “neglected” mean? (overlooked/not taken care of)

F 6. What does Charlie think of farming? (it is rewarding)

VOC 7. What does “independence” mean in the story? (freedom/not relying on someone else)

F 8. What crops does Charlie grow? (corn, cabbage, green beans)

E 9. Why might Charlie like taking care of himself? (any reasonable answer)

D

Charlie lives in a small farming community. He works outside a lot and wears overalls or jeans. On his farm, Charlie grows corn, cabbage, and green beans. He also has some animals, including a hog and horses. Charlie likes to see a cool rain shower, but doesn’t like the ground to freeze. Every day on the farm has to be scheduled so that nothing is neglected. Though farming is hard work, Charlie thinks it is rewarding. Charlie takes care of himself and enjoys his independence.

VOC 10. What does the word “community” mean? (group of people living in an area)

Scoring Guide: D



Comprehension 0=100% 1=90% 2=80% 3=70% 4=60%


- 28 -

Questions for Level E F 1. What were Frank and Marie’s plans for the

weekend? (spend it at the lake fishing/hiking) VOC 2. What is a trout?(a type of fish)

I 3. What kind of difficulty might Marie have had with the fish? (couldn’t get hook out, too big to handle, line twisted)

I 4. What kind of animals might you find at a lake? (raccoon, deer, …)

I 5. Why did Marie make Frank stand still? (so they wouldn’t scare the fawn)

VOC 6. What does the word “fawn” mean? (baby deer)

I 7. What kind of things did Frank and Marie take on their trip? (fishing gear, pots and pans, food, clothes…)

I 8. Why was the beehive hanging from a tree? (that is where bees make their home)

F 9. How long did Frank and Marie watch the fawn? (until the fawn left)

E

Frank and Marie decided to spend the weekend at the lake. After packing their camper, they began the short trip. They planned to spend some time fishing and then hike around the lake. Marie caught a couple of trout and some smaller fish. Meeting with some difficulties, Marie asked Frank to help her remove one of the fish from the hook. When they quit fishing, Frank suggested a walk. Their hike around the lake brought them close to many animals. Frank directed Marie’s attention to a beehive hanging from a tree. As they neared their camper again, Marie noticed a fawn standing in the clearing. She made Frank stop and stand very still. Frank and Marie watched until the fawn walked contentedly away.

I 10. What do you think will happen next in the

story? Why? (any reasonable answer)

Scoring Guide: E

Percent of Word Identification in Context 0=100% 1=99% 2-3=98% 4=97% 5=96% 6=95% 7=94%


Comprehension 0=100% 1=90% 2=80% 3=70% 4=60%


- 29 -

Questions for Level F F 1. What does Martin do for a living? (insurance

investigator/works for a large company) VOC 2. What does the word “feverishly” mean in the

story? (fast/quick/busily) I, F 3. Why does Martin go to the recreation center?

(to relax/unwind/for exercise) VOC 4. What does “fatigued” mean?

(extremely tired/worn out) F 5. What does Martin do if he goes straight home?

(reads/escapes world with literature) E 6. What is the difference between poetry and

nonfiction? (nonfiction is true; poetry – rhymes, measured lines, etc.)

I 7. Why might reading relax Martin? (any reasonable answer)

F, SE 8. What does Martin do at the recreation center? (lifts weights, then swims laps)

VO, I 9. Why is Martin’s escape only temporary? (must return to reality; other things to do)

F

Martin is an insurance investigator for a large company. During the day, he works feverishly to complete his assignments. In the evening, martin likes to go to the recreation center in town. He lifts weights first and then swims laps in the pool. Sometimes, when he is more fatigued from work, Martin goes straight home. Then, he temporarily escapes the world with some of his favorite literature. Poetry and nonfiction are the most fascinating to Martin. After reading several poems, or a chapter in a book, he finds it easier to relax and go to sleep.

E 10. What might Martin do in his job? (investigate claims…)

Scoring Guide: F

Percent of Word Identification in Context 0=100% 1=99% 2=98% 3=97% 4=96% 5=95% 6=94%


Comprehension 0=100% 1=90% 2=80% 3=70% 4=60%


- 30 -

Questions for Level G

VOC 1. What does “momentous” mean in the story? (special/once in a lifetime)

F 2. What is the “momentous occasion” in the story? (first anniversary)

I 3. What kind of anniversary are they celebrating? (wedding)

E 4. Do you think Rick will like his gift? Why or why not? (any well supported answer…)

F 5. What is Rick going to give Jane? (corner cupboard/cat)

VOC 6. What does “admired” mean? (looked at, liked/thought it was nice)

F, I 7. How do we know the past year was happy for Rick and Jane? (we are told/planning nice surprises for each other)

MI 8. What is a good title for this story? (First Anniversary/Anniversary Surprise…)

F 9. What kind of dinner has Jane planned? (quiet/romantic/candlelight)

G

Today is Jane and Rick’s first anniversary. For this momentous occasion, they have special surprises for each other. Jane has planned a quiet, romantic dinner for two by candlelight. She also purchased a pocketknife for Rick. It is one he admired in a mail-order catalog. Rick, meanwhile, has had the local cabinetmaker build a corner cupboard for Jane. In addition, she will find a calico cat waiting for her in the den. The past year has been a happy one for both Rick and Jane.

VOC 10. What is a “mail-order” catalog? (list of things you can order through the mail)

Scoring Guide: G



Comprehension 0=100% 1=90% 2=80% 3=70% 4=60%


- 31 -

Questions for Level H

MI 1. What is a good title for this story? (Homecoming…)

I 2. Why is Susan looking forward to homecoming? (everyone will be there/happy time)

F 3. How has the event been publicized? (television, radio, pamphlets)

VOC 4. What does “supervised activities” mean in this story? (games, races/events that are watched over)

I 5. Do you think Susan lives in a small or large town? Why? (small, everyone will be at homecoming)

I 6. What kind of change takes place at homecoming? (everyone is happy/feel good…)

F 7. What do the adults do during homecoming? (socialize/talk)

SEQ 8. Do the adults socialize before, after or at the same time that the toddlers play? (same time)

VOC 9. What does “contagious” mean in the story? (catching)

H


E 10. Why might we need more “happiness surrounding us” as the story suggests? (to rub off/make us feel better)

Scoring Guide: H



Comprehension 0=100% 1=90% 2=80% 3=70% 4=60%

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