informal economies and gender global trends and kenya evidence

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Informal Economies and Gender Global trends and Kenya evidence CEMUS 8 October 2012 Asa Torkelsson

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Informal Economies and Gender Global trends and Kenya evidence. CEMUS 8 October 2012 Asa Torkelsson. Overview. Informal economy – definition and manifestation Global trends on gender and informal sector The connection between gender and the informal economy - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Informal Economies and Gender Global trends and Kenya evidence

Informal Economies and GenderGlobal trends and Kenya evidence

CEMUS 8 October 2012

Asa Torkelsson

Page 2: Informal Economies and Gender Global trends and Kenya evidence

Overview•Informal economy – definition and

manifestation•Global trends on gender and informal

sector•The connection between gender and the

informal economy•Women’s work in informal economies•Strategies to reduce the gaps: Gender and

microfinance

Page 3: Informal Economies and Gender Global trends and Kenya evidence

Informal sector - manifestations and importance

• Definition: lack of firm registration, no social security coverage, no employment contract (WDR 2013)

• “Extra-legal” (WDR), sub-terranean economy (Gutman), hidden economy (Feige), underground economy (Tanzi), parallell economy (del Boca), bazaar economy (Geertz), ‘second economy’ (Maliyamkono and Bagachwa)

• Emerging recognition of huge importance (Neuwirth, Sida)

• Existing evidence weak – tricky and methodologically difficult to access data

Page 4: Informal Economies and Gender Global trends and Kenya evidence

General characteristics (ILO 1972)•Ease of entry•Reliance of indigenous resources•Family ownership•Small-scale•Labour-intensive•Non formal skills•Unregulated markets

Page 5: Informal Economies and Gender Global trends and Kenya evidence

Global Evidence, WDR 2013 on jobs

World Bank, World Development Report 2013

Page 6: Informal Economies and Gender Global trends and Kenya evidence

Doing Business 2012 Kenya

World Bank, World Development Report 2013

Page 7: Informal Economies and Gender Global trends and Kenya evidence

World Bank, World Development Report 2013

Page 8: Informal Economies and Gender Global trends and Kenya evidence

World Bank, World Development Report 2013

Page 9: Informal Economies and Gender Global trends and Kenya evidence

Theoretical Framework

Torkelsson and Tassew, Quantifying Women’s and Men’s Resource PortfoliosEuropean Journal of Development Research 2008

Page 10: Informal Economies and Gender Global trends and Kenya evidence

World Bank, Wold Development Report 2012

Page 11: Informal Economies and Gender Global trends and Kenya evidence

The ’Informality Chain’ of Potatoe in Kenya

Page 12: Informal Economies and Gender Global trends and Kenya evidence

Some Strategies to Enhance Women’s Economic Empowerment

Source: Karanja and Torkelsson (2012), Filling the Rural Data Gap in Kenya, World Bak.

Page 13: Informal Economies and Gender Global trends and Kenya evidence

Note: Torkelsson and Karanja, World Bank draft 2012. Preliminary analyses using KAPAP household data.

Page 14: Informal Economies and Gender Global trends and Kenya evidence

Thank you