Sesavali informaciul menejmentSi(Дж. Лодон, Л. Лодон – Управление Информационными Системами)

leqcia 1 (rigiTi #1) ukanasknel wlebSi SeiniSneba transformaciebi, romlebic moxda sawarmoebSi mTels msoflioSi, romelTa Sedegi iyo am sawarmoebis gardaqmna kiberkorporaciebSi. aseT firmebSi gamoiyeneba interneti da qseluri teqnologiebi, ris Sedegadac miiRweva sawarmos sxvadsxva ganyofilebebs Soris monacemebis nakadebis uwyveti momocvla, Cqardeba warmoebis procesi, iqmneba eleqtronuli kavSirebi momxmareblebTan, momwodeblebTan da sxva sawarmoebTan. yvela kompaniebi, rogorc didebi, ise patarebi, sul ufro metad iyeneben informaciul sistemebs, qselebs, internet-teqnologiebs Tavisi biznesis eleqtronuli formiT sawarmoeblad, ris safuZvelzedac aRweven efeqturobisa da konkurentunarianobis axal doneebs. cxadia, biznesis axal struqturas Seaqvs cvlilebebi sawarmoebis organizaciul da mmarTvelobiT struqturebSi.

1.1 ratom informaciuli menejmenti da informaciuli sistemebi?

dResdReobiT sayovelTaoTaa cnobili, rom informaciuli sistemebis gamoyenebis codna mniSvnelovania menejerebisaTvis, radgan sawarmoebis umravlesobas es sistemebi Wirdeba gadarCenisaTvisa da Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis. informaciuli sistemebis gamoyenebas SeuZlia daexmaros kompaniebs gaafarToon Tavisi saqmianoba axal bazrebze, SesTavazon momxmareblebs axali saqoneli da momsaxureba, Secvalon warmoebis mimdinareoba da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Zireulad Secvalon meTodebi, romelTa gamoyenebiTac warmoebs biznesi.

konkurentuli biznes-garemo da kiberkorporaciebis gamoCenabolo dros momxdarma oTxma Zireulma cvlilebam ganapiroba biznes-garemos transformacia. pirveli cvlilebis arsi mdgomareobs globaluri ekonomikis gaCenasa da misi poziciebis gamyarebaSi. meore cvlilebaa – industriuli ekonomikisa da sazogadoebis transformacia codnasa da informaciaze damyarebul ekonomikaSi. mesame cvlilebaa – TviT sawarmoebis aseTive transformacia. meoTxe cvlilebaa – kiberkorporaciebis gamoCena. am cvlilebebis CamonaTvali, romlebic exebian biznesis struqturasa da bunebas, mocemulia cxril 1.1-Si:

cxrili 1.1 cvlilebebi, romlebic Seexo konkurentul biznes-garemos

globaluri ekonomikis gaCenamarTva da kontroli globalur globaluri samuSao jgufebibazrebzekonkurencia msoflio bazrebze produqciis miwodebebis globaluri

sistemebiindustriuli ekonomikis transformaciacodnasa da informaciaze damyarebuli sawarmoo ciklis Semcirebaekonomikaaxali saqoneli da mosaxureba turbulenturi garemocodna – gadamwyveti sawarmoo dastrategiuli resursidrois faqtorze damyarebulikonkurenciasawarmoebis transformaciebimarTvis doneebis Semcireba operaciebis Sesrulebisa da

koordinaciis mcire danaxarjebi

decentralizacia uflebamosilebebis gadacemamoqniloba TanamSromloba da muSaoba jgufSiganTavsebisagan damoukidebloba

kiberkorporaciebis gamoCenaSemkveTebTan, momwodeblebTan da ZiriTadi korporatiuli resursebisTanamSromlebTan kompiuterizirebuli kompiuterizirebuli marTvakavSirebiZiriTadi biznes-procesebi qselebis swrafi aRqma da reagirebagamoyenebiT

moyvanil cvlilebebTan dakavSirebiT gaCnda rigi axali problemebisa,romlebic dadga sxvadasxva firmebis personalisa da, gansakuTrebiT,menejerebis winaSe.

globaluri ekonomikis gaCenaSeerTebul Statebis, aseve evropisa da aziis ganviTarebuli ekonomikebis sxva sul ufro da ufro meti sawarmo, aris damokidebuli saimpirto-saeqsporto operaciebze. firmis warmateba rogorc dRes, ise miTumetes momavalSi, damokidebulia mis unarze imoqmedos globaluri masStabiT. dResdReobiT informaciuli sistemebi uzrunvelyofen sakomunikacio da analitikuri Zlierebis im dones, romelic aucilebelia firmebisaTvis msoflio masStabiT savaWro kontaqtebisa da biznesis marTvis ganxorcielebisaTvis. globaluri ganStoebuli korporaciis marTva –kavSirebi distributorebTan da momwodeblebTan, muSaoba dReRameSi 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi sxvadasxva nacionalur garemoSi, adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso angariSgeba - es aris biznesis mTavari piroba, romelic moiTxovs adekvaturi simZlavris informaciuli sistemis arsebobas. globalizacia da informaciuli teqnologiebi aseve ganapirobeben axali tendenciebis gaCenas adgilobriv firmebSi. globaluri komunikaciuri da marTvis sistemebis saSualebiT momxmareblebs axla SeuZliaT SeZena ganaxorcielon bazarze, romelzec warmodgenilia mTeli msoflios firmebi, Rebuloben ra mniSvnelovan da xarisxian informacias 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi. raTa gaxde saerTaSoriso bazris konkurentunariani monawile, firmas Wirdeba mZlavri informaciuli da komunikaciuri sistemebi.

industriuli ekonomikis transformaciaganviTarebuli samrewvelo qveynebis ekonomika transformirdeba. amasTan industriuli ekonomika gardaiqmneba ekonomikaSi, romelic dafuZnebulia codnasa da informaciaze, maSin rodesac TviT saqonlis warmoebis gadatana xdeba naklebad ganviTarebul qveynebSi. codnasa da informaciaze dafuZnebul ekonimikaSi es ukanasknelni warmoadgenen simdidris SeqmnaSi ZiriTad komponentebs. informaciuli da samecniero revolucia daiwyo wina saukuneSi da TandaTan ufro Cqardeba. 1976 wels `TeTri sayeloebis~ raodenobam, romlebic dakavebuli iyvnen ofisSi, gadaaWarba fermebis, momsaxurebis sferos da uSualod warmoebaSi dakavebuli `lurji sayeloebis~ raodenobas. dRes ukve adamianebis didi nawili muSaobs ara fermebsa da fabrikebSi, aramed vaWrobis, ganaTlebis, janmrTelobis dacvis sferoebSi, bankebSi, sadazRvevo kompaniebsa da saadvokato firmebSi. bevri dakavebulia aseve damxmare biznes-funqciebis: kopirebis, kompiuteruli programirebis, adgilze mitanis sferoSi. magaliTad, faqtiurad codnisa da informaciis sfero Seadgens a.S.S.-s mTliani nacionaluri produqtis 60%-s, xolo masSi dakavebulTa ricxvi mTeli samuSao Zalis 55%-s.

codna da informacia xdeba mravali axali momsaxurebis da saqonlis safuZveli. isini mecniereba- da informaciatevadi saqonelia. Cveulebrivi saqonlis warmoebaSic ki codna ufro intensiurad gamoiyeneba. amis magaliTia saavtomobolo industria, sadac rogorc proeqtireba, ise warmoeba mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli gamoyenebul samecniero miRwevebze da informaciul teqnologiebze. didi ekonomikuri fasis mqone mecnierebatevadi saqoneli da momsaxureba rogoricaa sakredito baraTebis gamoyeneba, swrafi mitana adgilze, rezervirebis msoflio sistema, mTlianad emyareba axal informaciul teqnologiebs. investiciebma informaciul teqnologiebSi Seadgina mTeli investirebuli kapitalis 70% iseT dargebSi, rogoricaa finansebi, dazRveva, uZravi qoneba. mrewvelobis yvela dargSi informacia da teqnologiebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen mis funqcionirebas, gaxdnen kritikuli, strategiuli dabandebebi sawarmoebisa da maTi menejerebisaTvis. informaciuli menejmenti da misi sistemebi saWiroa informaciuli nakadebis da codnis otimizaciisaTvis sawarmos SigniT da emsaxureba firmis codnis maragebis maqsimalur zrdas. radgan mosamsaxureebis mwarmoebluroba damokidebuli iqneba maT mier informaciuli sistemebis gamoyenebis xarisxze, informaciuli teqnologiebis safuZvelze damyarebuli menejmentis gadawyvetilebebi kritikulad mniSvnelovania firmis gadarCenisa da warmatebulobisaTvis.

sawarmoebis transformaciaaq igulisxmeba sawarmoebis SesaZleblobebisa da marTvis transformacia. Tradiciuli sawarmo iyo da rCeba specialistebis ierarqiul, centralizebul, struqturirebul warmonaqmnad, romelic iyenebs standartul operaciebs produqciis masobrivi warmoebisaTvis an momsaxurebis gawevisaTvis. axali tipis sawarmosaTvis damaxasiaTebelia naklebi ierarqiuloba, decentralizacia, moqnili menejmenti, romelic emyareba myisierad miRebad informacias masiurad SekveTili saqonlisa da momsaxurebis misawodeblad, romlebic unikaluri saxiT nawildeba specifikur bazrebze da momxmareblebs Soris. tradiciuli marTva emyareboda formalur gegmebs, Sromis mkacr ganawilebas, aseve formalur wesebs. axali tipis menejeri emyareba araformalur urTierTobebs da winaswar gansazRvruli miznebis qsels, brZanebebisa da adamianebis moqnil organizacias, da momxmarebelze orientacias TanamSromlebis urTierTqmedebis koordinaciis misaRwevad. axali tipis menejeri mimarTavs codnas, Seswavlas da gadawyvetilebis miRebas, romelic calkeul TanamSromelebs aiZulebs uzrunvelyon

firmis warmatebuli saqmianoba. swored informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoyeneba xdis marTvis aseT stils SesaZlebels.

kiberkorporaciebis gamoCena1990-iani wlebis Suidan firmebis mier informaciuli teqnologiebis intensiuri gamoyeneba uSualodaa dakavSirebuli aseve mniSvnelovan organizaciul rekonstruqciasTan, ramac Seqmna pirobebi industriul sazogadoebaSi axali movlenis gaCenisaTvis – esaa kiberkorporaciebis gamoCena. kiberkorporacia (Digital firm) SeiZleba gamocnobili iqnas ramodenime niSnis mixedviT. pirveli, aseT firmebSi praqtikulad yvela mniSvnelovani organizaciuli saqmiani kavSirebi realizebulia kompiuterul formaSi. ZiriTadi bizness-procesebi sruldeba eleqtronul qselebSi, romlebic moicaven mTel sawarmos an akavSireben mraval sawarmos. biznes-procesebis magaliTebia – axali produqtis SemuSaveba, SekveTis organizacia da Sesruleba, mosamsaxureebis daqiraveba da sxva. gadamwyveti korporatiuli resursebi – inteleqtualuri sakuTreba, ZiriTadi SesaZleblobebi, finansuri da adamianuri resursebi – imarTeba eleqtronuli xerxiT. kiberkorporaciaSi nebismieri informacia, romelic saWiroa ZiriTadi bizness-gadawyvetilebebis uzrunvelsayofad, xelmisawvdomia nebismier dros da firmis nebismier adgilas. kiberkorporaciebi aRiqvamen garemos SekveTebs da pasuxoben maT gacilebiT swrafad, vidre tradiciuli firmebi, axdenen garemosTan adaptacias ufro moqnilad aramdgradi drois pirobebSi. kiberkorporacias gaaCnia maqsimaluri mzadyofna da Sesabamisoba globaluri organizaciisa da menejmentisadmi. amis gamo maT aqvT potenciali gaugonari donis Semosavlianobisa da konkurentunarianobis miRwevisa. kiberkorporaciebi gansxvavdebian tradiciuli firmebisagan organizebasa da menejmentSi TiTqmis mTlianad informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoyenebaSi. aseTi firmebis menejmentisaTvis informaciuli teqnologiebi ara mxolod dasayrdenia, aramed biznesis birTvi da marTvis umniSvnelovanesi instrumentia. dResdReobiT kiberkorporaciebis ricxvi cotaa, magram am mimarTulebiT midis bevri firma. maTma menejmentma unda moaxdinos maT winaSe mdgomi problemebis identificireba, gansazRvron teqnologiebi, romlebic daexmarebian am problemebis mogvarebaSi, Seqmnan mmarTvelobiTi procedurebi da SeimuSaon saWiro cvlilebebis danergvis politika. anu, sxva sityvebiT, maT unda Seqmnan da danergon informaciuli menejmentis struqtura, romelic eyrdnoba informaciul sistemebs.

leqcia 2 (#3)informaciuli sistemis cnebainformaciuli sistema (Information system) ganisazRvreba rogorc urTierTdakavSirebuli komponentebis nakrebi, romlebic agroveben (an arCeven), amuSaveben, inaxaven da anawileben informacias, romelic gamoiyeneba gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas, sawarmos marTvisa da koordinaciisaTvis. garda gadawyvetilebis miRebis xelSewyobisa, koordinaciisa da kontrolisa, informaciuli sistema aseve SeiZleba exmarebodes menejersa da mosamsaxureebs problemebis analizSi, rTuli obieqtebis gamovlenasa da ganxilvaSi da axali produqciis SeqmnaSi.

informaciuli sistema Seicavs cnobebs mniSvnelovan adamianebze, adgilebze da obieqtebze sawarmos SigniT an mis garSemo. informaciis qveS Cven vgulisxmobT monacemebs, romlebic isea gaformebuli, rom Sinaarsiani da sasargebloa adamianis saqmianobisaTvis. piriqiT, monacemebi Seicaven nedl cnobebs imaze, rac xdeba sawarmoSi an fizikur garemoSi, manamde, sanam isini iqnebian ise organizebuli da damuSavebuli, rom adamianebs SeeZlebaT maTi gageba da gamoyeneba. informacias, romelic sawarmoebs WirdebaT gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, samuSaoTa marTvisaTvis, problemebis analizisa da axali produqciis an momsaxurebis Sesaqmnelad, informaciul sistemaSi qmnis sami saxis operacia – Setana, damuSaveba da gamotana. Setanisas xdeba sawyisi monacemebis registracia an Segroveba sawarmoSi an mis garemocvaSi. damuSaveba Setanils aniWebs Sinaarsian formas. gamotanisas damuSavebuli informacia miewodeba mis gamomyenebel adamianebs an im operaciebs, romlebSic is gamoiyeneba. informaciuli sistemebi aseve saWiroeben ukukavSiris arsebobas, romelic gamotanis Sedegebs awvdis sawarmos Sesabamis wevrebs Sefasebisa da Setanis koreqtirebis RonisZiebebis gansaxorcieleblad. informaciuli sistemebis qveS Cven yovelTvis vigulisxmebT iseT informaciul sistemebs, romlebic damyarebulia informaciis kompiuterul damuSavebaze.

informaciuli sistemebi biznesSiTu ganvixilavT informaciul sistemas biznesis TvalsazrisiT (mxolod gamoyenebiTi TvalsazrisiT), isini warmoadgenen organizaciul da mmarTvelobiT gadawyvetilebas, damyarebuls informaciul teqnologiebze, gaTvaliswinebuls nebismier garemocvaSi samuSaod. menejerma unda icodes misi SesaZleblobebi saqmiani operaciebis warmoebisas warmoSobili problemebis gadawyvetis saqmeSi. informaciuli sistemebis aseT codnas, romelic moicavs organizaciul-mmarTvelobiT da teqnikur aspeqtebs, uwodeben informaciul wignierebas (Information systems literacy). amisagan gansxvavebiT kompiuterul wignierebas (Compiuter literacy) uwodeben informaciuli teqnologiebis codnas. moviyvanoT diagrama, romelic faqtiurad warmoadgens informaciuli sistemis gafarToebul gansazRvras:

b i z n e s-p r o b l e m e b i

* sasaqonlo portfelis * koordinaciis proble- dagegmva mebi rogorc swrafi

* gayidvebis miznobrivi zrdis Sedegebi maCveneblebis formulireb * xeliT Sesrulebadi

* cvlilebebis strategiis procesebiSemuSaveba * konkurentebis axali iniciativebi

* kerZo veb-saitebi* samagido kompiuterebi* qselebi

* momwodeblebi * saqonlis SekveTa * momsaxurebis * sacalod movaWreni * Tvalyuris midevne- gaumjobeseba * sacalo momxmareblebi ba SekveTebze * danaxarjebis * mosamsaxureebi * informacia perso- Semcireba

nalur SeRavaTebze * mogebis zrda * saqonlis mitana * Setyobinebebis gavrceleba

dizainis ganaxleba

leqcia 3 (#4)sawarmoebi da organizaciebiinformaciuli menejmenti warmoadgens sawarmosa Tu organizaciis marTvis Semadgenel nawils. nebismieri sawarmos gadamwyvet elementebs warmoadgenen misi mosamsaxureebi, struqtura, standartuli procedurebi, politika da saqmianobis kultura. sawarmos specialistebi da eqspertebi asruleben sxvadasxva funqciebs – biznes-funqciebs, anu specializirebul davalebebs gaydvebusa da marketingis, warmoebis, finansebis SromiTi resursebis sferoebSi:

ZiriTadi biznes-funqciebi funqcia daniSnuleba gasaReba da marketingi sawarmos saqonlisa da momsaxurebis gayidvawarmoeba da damuSaveba saqonlisa da momsaxurebis warmoebafinansebi sawarmos finansuri aqtivebis marTva (naRdi fuli, aqciebi, obligaciebi da a.S.)finansuri aRricxva finansuri angariSebis Canawerebis warmoeba (Semosuli fuli, xarjebi, gadaricxvebi, a.S.)SromiTi resursebi samuSao Zalis daqiraveba, swavleba, aRricxva

SemdgomSi Cven ganvixilavT ZiriTad biznes-funqciebs detalurad da vaCvenebT, Tu rogor exmarebian informaciuli sistemebi maT ganxorcielebas. sawarmos saqmianobis procesis koordinacia xdeba mkafio ierarqiuli struqturisa da standartuli formaluri procedurebis saSualebiT. TanamSromelTa ierarqia warmoadgens piramidalur struqturas, romlis zeda doneebi ukaviaT menejerebsa da teqnikur eqspertebs. sawarmos biznes-procesebi efuZnebian standartul procedurebs, romelTagan umravlesoba poulobs asaxvas informaciul sistemaSi. masSi gaiTvaliswineba aseve sxvadasxva specialistebis gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi, kompromisebi da SeTanxmebebi. marTva

menejmenti

teqnologia

informaciulisistema

biznes-gadawyveti

le-bebi

sawarmo

menejerebi wyveten kompaniis biznesTan dakavSirebul yvela ZiriTad amocanas. isini amuSaveben sawarmos strategias da mis Sesabamisad anawileben finansur da SromiT resursebs, aseve koordinacias uweven sawarmos mTel saqmianobas. menejeris saqmianoba mdgomareobs swor reagirebaSi mraval situaciaze da problemaze maT gadasawyvetad, romlebsac awydeba sawarmo, aseve misi moqmedebis gegmebis SedgenaSi, saSualebas miscems sawarmos Tavidan aicilos aseTi problemebi. magram menejeris saqmianoba ar mdgomareobs marto sawarmoSi ukve arsebuli struqturebisa da procesebis marTvaSi. maT aseve monawileoba unda miiRon axali saqonlisa da momsaxurebis SeqmnaSi da periodulad mniSvnelovnad gaaumjobeson mTeli sawarmos struqtura. menejeris saqmianobis aucilebeli nawilia SemoqmedebiTi muSaoba axali codnisa da informaciis gamoyenebiT. informaciul menejments SeuZlia iTamaSos mniSvnelovani roli sawarmos an misi struqturis cvlilebis procesSi.

teqnologiainformaciuli teqnologia – erT-erTi mTavari instrumentia, romelsac menejerebi iyenebn TavianT saqmianobaSi. kompiuterebis aparatuli uzrunvelyofa aris mowyobilobebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba informaciul sistemebSi monacemebis Sesatanad, dasamuSaveblad da gamosatanad. kompiuteruli programuli uzrunvelyofa Sedgeba daprogramebuli instruqciebis nakrebisagan, romlebic marTaven informaciuli sistemis aparaturul komponentebs. sakomunikacio teqnologia aseve Sedgeba aparaturuli mowyobilobebisagan da programuli saSualebebisagan, romlebis emsaxureba informaciuli sistemis calkeul elementebs Soris kavSirs da monacemebis fizikur gadacemas. rogorc wesi, yvelaferi zemoTCamoTvlili erTiandeba qselebSi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen cifruli informaciis, xmis Semcveli monacemebis, gamosaxulebis gadacemas. yvela CamoTvlili teqnologiebi uzrunvelyofen sawarmos SigniT sainformacio resursebTan koleqtiur xelmisawvdomobas da Seadgenen informaciul infrastruqturas anu informaciuli teqnologiebis infrastruqturas. informaciuli infrastruqtura warmoadgens im safuZvels, razedac igeba sawarmos informaciuli menejmenti. informaciuli menejmentis sistemis muSaobis Sedegi aris klientebisaTvis maRali donis servisis miwodebis SesaZlebloba dabal fasebSi, rac Tavis mxriv ganapirobebs warmatebas konkurentebTan brZolaSi.

1.2 Tanamedrove midgoma informaciuli menejmentisa da sistemebisadmi

farTo perspeqtivebi, romlebic Cndeba informaciul sistemebze dayrdnobiT menejmentis ganxorcielebisas, uCvenebs, rom maTi Seswavla aris sfero, sadac gadaikveTeba mravali sxvadasxva disciplina. informaciuli sistemebi warmoadgenen socialur-teqnikur (an mokled `socioteqnikur~) struqturebs. marTalia isini Sedgebian kompiuterebisagan, sxvadasxva mowyobilobebisagan da emyarebian sufTa `fizikur~ teqnologiebs, magram maTTan muSaobisaTvis aucilebelia socialuri, organizaciuli da inteleqtualuri resursebis gamoyeneba. qvemoTmoyvanil suraTze mocemulia is ZiriTad disciplinebi, romelTa codna aucilebelia informaciuli sistemebis srulfasovani SeswavlisaTvis:

Cveni kursis mTavari Temaa ara zogadad informaciuli sistemebis, aramed mmarTvelobiTi anu marTvis informaciuli sistemebis (Management information systems) Seswavla. aseTi sistemebis Seswavla daiwyo 1970-ian wlebSi da am Seswavlis mTavari obieqti maSin iyo menejerebisaTvis gamiznuli kompiuteruli informaciuli sistemebi. marTvis informaciuli sistemebi Tavis TavSi aerTianeben Teoriul Sromebs, romlebic exebian gamoTvliT sistemebs, mmarTvelobiT meTodikebsa da operaciul analizs, sistemebis Seqmnis praqtikas da maTTvis programuli gamoyenebebis Seqmnas. am dros seriozuli yuradReba eTmoba sociologiur, ekonomikur da fsiqologiur aspeqtebs. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom informaciuli sistemebis momxmarebeli organizaciebi da individualuri momxamreblebi TviTonac `icvlebian~ swavlebis, muSaobis axali xerxebis aTvisebisa da kompaniis organizaciuli struqturis Secvlis saSualebiT.

leqcia 4 (#5) 1.3 sawarmoebSi informaciuli menejmentisa da informaciuli sistemebis axali roli

Tanamedrove sawarmoebSi menejerebs ar SeuZliaT informaciuli sistemebis ugulvebelyofa, radgan isini TamaSoben Zalian mniSvnelovan rols sawarmos marTvaSi. Tanamedrove informaciuli sistemebi gavlenas axdenen rogorc imaze, Tu rogor muSaoben menejerebi sawarmos TanamSromlebTan, ise saqonlisa da momsaxurebis warmoebis mTel procesze. amitom pasuxismgebloba aseTi sistemebis danergvaze da maTTan muSaobaze ar SeiZleba gadatanili iqnas teqnikuri personalis mxrebze.

informaciuli sistemebis gamoyenebis sferos gafarToebaTandaTan ufro da ufro izrdeba urTierTkavSirebi erTis mxriv, biznes-strategiebs, wesebsa da procedurebs Soris da meores mxriv, informaciuli sistemebis programul uzrunvelyofas, aparaturul mowyobilobebs, monacemTa bazebsa da telosakomunikacio teqnologiebs Soris. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania am urTierTkavSiris gaTvaliswineba momavlis gegmebis Sedgenisas. is, Tu riT iqneba dakavebuli firma momavali 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi, mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli misi informaciuli sistemebis SesaZleblobebze. bazarze dakavebuli niSis wilis gazrda, gamoSvebuli produqciis xarisxis zrda da misi fasis Semcireba, TanamSromlebis Sromis nayofierebis gazrda sul ufro da ufro metadaa damokidebuli sawarmos mier gamoyenebuli informaciuli sistemebis tipze da SesaZleblobebze. Semdeg suraTze mocemulia axali kavSirebi sawarmoebsa da informaciul sistemebs Soris:

sainformacio-

mmarTveli sistema

informatika

marTva

operaciaTagamokvleva

sociolo-gia

fsiqologia ekonomika

kidev erTi cvlileba informaciuli sistemebisa da sawarmoebis urTierTkavSirebSi gamomdinareobs aseTi sistemebisa da programuli produqtebis gamoyenebis arealis swrafi gafarToebidan. dResdReobiT informaciuli sistemebis danergvisa da maTi marTvis procesSi CarTulia sawarmos ufro didi nawili, vidre adre. firmebi xdeba sul ufro metad kompiuterizirebuli, maTi informaciuli sistemebis momxmareblebis rolSi gamodian ukve SemkveTebi, momwodeblebi da konkurentebic ki. Tanamedrove informaciuli sistemebi iwveven cvlilebebs ukve sawarmos marTvis principebSi da sawarmos Sida struqturaSi. informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoyenebis sferos gafarToebasTan erTad sawarmos praqtikulad yvela TanamSromeli (aseve klientebi da momwodeblebi) xdeba kompiuteruli sistemebis moxmarebeli, Rebuloben ra monawileobas informaciis mimocvlaSi.

qseluri revolucia da internetierT-erTi mizezi, ris gamoc informaciulma sistemebma daiwyes sawarmos saqmianobaSi aseTi mniSvnelovani rolis Sesruleba, aris gamoTvliTi simZlavreebis zrda da kompiuteruli teqnologiebis fasis Semcireba. kompiuterebis gamoTvliTi simZlavreebi ormagdeba yovel 18 TveSi, xolo mikroprocesorebis mwarmoebluroba gaizarda 25000-jer bolo 30 weliwadSi maTi gamoCenis dRidan. mZlavri, gamoyenebaSi martivi programuli uzrunvelyofis gamoyenebiT kompiuters SeuZlia nebismieri gaTvlebis gakeTeba, monacemebis udidesi masivebis analizi da rTuli fizikuri da logikuri procesebis modelireba, gamoiyenebs ra animacias, xmas da ukukavSirs. kompiuteruli teqnologiebis simZlavris zrdam gamoiwvia kavSiris didi qselebis gaCena, romlebic sawarmos SeuZlia gamoiyenos dedamiwis nebismier adgilas ganlagebul informaciis sacavebTan kavSirisaTvis da Tavisi ganyofilebebis muSaobis koordinaciisaTvis, maTi ganlagebis siSoris miuxedavad. am qselebma Secvales savaWro-samrewvelo sawarmoebis saxe, Seqmnes ra wanamZRvrebi namdvili kiberkorporaciebis gaCenisaTvis. yvelaze didi da popularuli qseli aris interneti, romelSic Sedis asobiT aTasi wvrili komerciuli da saxelmwifo qselebi 200-ze meti qveynidan. 400 milionze meti adamiani, dakavebuli mecnierebaSi, ganaTlebaSi, saxelmwifo samsaxurSi da biznesSi iyenebs mas informaciis gacvlisaTvis da saqmiani operaciebis

urTierT-kavSiri

sawarmo informaciuli sistema

biznes- strategia

procedurebis Sesrulebis wesi

programuliuzrunvelyofa

aparaturuli uzrunvel- yofa

monacemTa baza

tele-komunikaciebi

ganxorcielebisaTvis mTel msoflioSi. internetiT SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva saqonlisa da momsaxurebis reklama, gayidva da yidva. igi gaxda universaluri teqnikuri platforma axali saqonlis, momsaxurebis, strategiebisa da sawarmoebis Sesaqmnelad. man mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina biznesSi da yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi informaciuli sistemebis gamoyenebaze. teqnikuri, geografiuli da fulis sazRvrebis waSliT, aseve informaciis Tavisufali gadacemis uzrunvelyofis wyalobiT internetma gamoiwvia informaciuli sistemebis gamoyenebis axali xerxebis gaCena da axali biznes-modelebis ageba. dresdReobiT interneti aris ZiriTadi teqnologiuri safuZveli, romelsac emyareba kiberkorporaciebis saqmianoba. internetis mier SemoTavazebul axal SesaZleblobebs Soris biznesmenebis yuradReba yvelaze metad miipyro WWW-m (World Wide Web). es sistema iyenebs universalur standartebs informaciis Sesanaxad, mosaZebnad, formatirebisa da mis qselur mowyobilobaze gamotanisaTvis. monacemebi inaxeba eleqtronuli gverdrbis saxiT. aseTi qseli SeiZleba iyos axali tipis informaciuli sistemebis safuZveli, magaliTad, internetiT SekveTebis damuSavebis sistema.

organizaciuli struqturebis axali saxeebi: kiberkorporacia da qseluri sawarmokompiuterebis gamoTvliTi simZlavreebis swrafma zrdam da kompiuteruli qselebis ganviTarebam ganapiroba mravali sawarmos `qselur~ sawarmoebad gadaqceva, ramac Tavis mxriv ganapiroba informaciis SeuzRudavi gavrceleba rogorc sawarmos SigniT, ise mis gareT. aseTi SesaZleblobis gaCena SeiZleba iyos safuZveli kompaniis struqturis kardinaluri cvlilebebis Catarebisa, misi saqmianobis sferos gafarToebisa, warmoebis axali meTodebis danergvisa da saqonlisa da momsaxurebis asortimentis gazrdisa. sawarmos aseTi gardaqmnis saboloo produqti aris swored kiberkorporacia.

sawarmoebis struqturis gamartivebakompiuterebis eris dadgomamde Seqmnili didi, biurokratiuli sawarmoebi xSirad araefeqturad, mouqnelad muSaoben da maT uZneldebad konkurencia gauwion axal sawarmoebs. aseTi sawarmoebis nawilSi moxda momuSaveTa ricxovnobisa da organizaciul ierarqiaSi doneebis Semcireba. kiberkorporaciebs aseve gaaCniaT ierarqiuli struqtura da, Sesabamisad, sxvadasxva organizaciuli doneebi. magram aseT firmebs aqvT `optimaluri ierarqiebi~, romlebic gadawyvetilebis miRebaze pasupismgeblobas anawileben mTeli sawarmos SigniT, rac amartivebs mis struqturas. aseT sawarmoebs aqvT mmarTvelobis naklebi doneebi, radgan gadawyvetilebebis nawils iReben ufro dabali donis TanamSromlebi. Tanamedrove informaciuli menejmentis teqnologiebi TanamSromlebis ZiriTad nawils saSualebas aZlevs didi moculobis monacemebi xelmisawvdomi iyos maTTvis, ris gamoc maT SeuZliaT TviTon miiRon gadawyvetilebebi, romlebsac adre sxvadasxva donis menejerebi Rebulobdnen. globaluri qselebis (magaliTad internetis) saSualebiT TanamSromlebs SeuZliaT erTad imuSaon maSinac ki, rodesac isini sxvadasxva adgilebSi imyofebian. es ki imasac niSnavs, rom menejerebis pasuxismgeblobis doneebi izrdeba, maRali donis menejerebs saSualeba aqvT akontrolon TanamSromlebis didi raodenoba geografiuli adgilmdebareobisagan damoukideblad. aseTi cvlilebebis gamo bevrma kompaniam samsaxuridan daiTxova saSualo rgolis aTasobiT menejeri. distanciuri muSaobasakomunikacio teqnologiebi xSirad saSualebas iZlevian ar iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli manZilis faqtori. aseve aRar aris saWiro nedleulisa da mza produqciis didi sawyobebis qona, radgan klientebs SeuZliaT saWiro saqonlis winaswar SekveTa sawarmos kompiuteruli sistemebis saSualebiT. erT gundSi moSorebul adgilebSi ganlagebuli TanamSromlebis muSaoba gaxda sruliad realuri web-teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT.

SromiTi procesebis reorganizaciainformaciuli sistemebi TandaTan iwveven xeliT Sromis Secvlas avtomatizirebuli procesebiT. radgan eleqtronuli procesebis marTva ufro advilia, mravalma sawarmom ara marto moaxdina Tanxebis ekonomia, aramed gaaumjobesa kidec klientebis momsaxurebis xarisxic. SromiTi procesebis reorganizacias SeuZlia didi gavlena moaxdinos sawarmos muSaobis efeqturobaze. metic, mas SeuZlia gamoiwvios axali organizaciuli struqturebis, saqonlisa da momsaxurebis gaCena.

sawarmoebis moqnilobis zrdakompaniebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon sakomunikacio teqnologiebi, raTa gazardon Tavisi moqniloba – sabazro situaciisa da konkurentebis moqmedebebis cvlilebebze reagirebis unari. patara sawarmoebs aseT SemTxvevebSi SeuZliaT iolas gavidnen mxilod ramodenime menejeriTa da muSiT, romlebic Seasruleben mniSvnelovani raodenobis samuSaos kompiuterebis gamoyenebiT. msxvil sawarmoebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon informaciuli teqnologiebi imisaTvis, rom moaxdinon bazarze Camoyalibebul situaciaze operatiuli reagireba da swrafad miiRon Sesabamisi zomebi (rasac patara sawarmoebi akeTeben uproblemod). es xdeba saqonlis SekveTiT damzadebis (Mass customization) gamoyenebisas, rodesac programuli uzrunvelyofa da kompiuteruli qselebi gamoiyeneba saqonlis warmoebis procesebis zusti kontrolisaTvis, raTa gamoSvebuli iqnas winaswar SekveTili saqonlis patara partiebi. arsebobs iseTicneba, rogoricaa `mikromarketingi~, rodesac informaciuli sistemebi da menejmenti uzrunvelyofen klientebis moTxovnilebebis zust dakmayofilebas, awarmoeben ra SekveTil saqonelsa da momsaxurebas (e.w. erTi adamianis bazari).

cvlilebebi marTvis procesSiinformaciuli sistemebi da informaciuli menejmenti cvlian marTvis process, aZleven ra menejerebs axal saSualebebs dagegmvis, organizaciis, xelmZRvanelobisa da kontrolis axal saSualebebs. magaliTad, axla menejerebs SeuZliaT miiRon firmis saqmianobaze informacia nebismier doneze da nebismieri adgilidan. aseTi drouli da detaluri informacia saSualebas iZleva ufro zustad iqnad dagegmili kompaniis Semdgomi moqmedebebi da moxdes gayidvebis monitoringi realur droSi. kompiuterul qselebSi informaciis Tavisufali gavrcelebis wyalobiT menejers SeuZlia kavSiri iqonios aTasobit TanamSromelTan maTi adgilsamyofels miuxedavad, rac tradiciuli struqturis sawarmoebSi SeuZlebelia.

sazRvrebis gafarToebakiberkorporaciebis gansakuTrebuli Taviseburebaa SesaZlebloba awarmoos saqmeebi kompaniis gareT iseTive warmatebiT, rogorc kompaniis SigniT. qseluri informaciuli teqnologiebi saSualebas aZleven kompaniebs moaxdinon Tavisi saqmianobis koordinacia sxva sawarmoebTan mTel dedamiwaze. iseTi operaciebi, rogoricaa anazRaureba da SekveTebis gaformeba, SeiZleba ganxorcieldes avtomaturad sxvadasxva sawarmoebs Soris, rac amcirebs maT Rirebulebas da zrdis operatiulobas. amgvarad mravali sawarmo Tavis klientebTan da momwodeblebTan erTad afarToeben saqmianobis sazRvrebs.

kiberkorporacia: eleqtronuli komercia da eleqtronuli biznesiyvela siaxle, rac zemoT iyo aRwerili, warmoadgenen biznesis eleqtronuli warmoebis xerxebs. aseTi teqnologiebis sabazo platforma aris interneti. qselis saSualebiT SesaZlebelia sawarmoebis informaciuli sistemebis erT kompiuterul qselSi gaerTianeba, rac warmoadgens farTo eleqtroenuli bazris Seqmnis winapirobas. eleqtroenuli bazari aris informaciuli sistema, romelic aerTianebs mraval myidvelsa da gamyidvels, romlis daniSnulebaa informaciis, saqonlisa da momsaxurebis gacvla, aseve gadaxdebis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba. aseTi sistemebi warmoadgenen Tavisebur Suamavlebs, romelTa gamoyenebisas

mcirdeba ZiriTadi operaciebis xarjebi, rogoricaa myidvelebisa da gamyidvelebis moZebna, fasebze informaciis miReba, saqonlisa da momsaxurebis SekveTa da maTi anazRaureba. myidvelebsa da gamyidvelebs SeuZliaT garigebebis dadeba `kibersivrceSi~ maTi relauri mdebareobisada miuxedavad. internetSi reklamirdeba, gaiyideba da Seisyideba uamravi sxvadasxva saqoneli da momsaxureba. masSi arsebobs eleqtronuli supermarketebi. arsebobs eleqtronuli finansuri bazaric ki, sadac SeiZleba aqciebis, obligaciebis SeZena da romelime fondSi saxsrebis investirebac ki. internetis sayovelTao xelmisawvdomobam da masSi sxvadasxva garigebebis ganxorcielebis simartivem migviyvana eleqtronuli komerciis ganviTarebamde. eleqtronuli komercia – es aris saqonlisa da momsaxurebis yidvisa da gayidvis procesi, romelic xorcieldeba kompiuteruli sistemebis gamoyenebiT. amaSi igulisxmeba aseve reklama, marketingi, SekveTebis mitana da anazRaureba. procedurebis qaRaldze da xeliT Sesrulebis SecvliT eleqtronuli analogebiT, aseve informaciis gacvlis sistemebis gamoyenebis xarjze eleqtronul komercias SeuZlia Zlian daaCqaros nebismieri saqonlis SekveTis, mitanisa da anazRaurebis procesebi maTze danaxarjebis mniSvnelovani Semcirebis pirobebSi. aranakleb mniSvnelovania isic, rom intenet teqnologiebi gamoiyeneba biznesTan dakavSirebul sxva procesebSic – sakadro saqmianobaSi, angariSebis SemowmebaSi, sawarmoo gegmebis Sesrulebis, remontebisa da sawarmoo xazebis momsaxurebis SemowmebaSi, dokumentaciis SedgenaSi. internet-teqnologiebi gamoiyeneba aseve Sida korporatiuli qselebis SeqmnaSi, romlebsac uwodeben intranet-qselebs. eleqtronul komercias da e-bizness SeuZliaT Zireulad Secvalon biznesis warmoebisadmi midgomebi. raTa efeqturad gamoiyenon interneti da sxva kompiuteruli teqnologiebi eleqtronuli komerciisaTvis da e-biznesisaTvis, aseve kiberkorporaciebis Sesaqmnelad, sawarmoebma unda Secvalon biznesis gamoyenebuli modelebi, moaxdinon biznes-procesebis racionalizacia, daamyaron ufro mWidro kontaqtebi klientebTan da momwodeblebTan. (eleqtronuli komercia – saqonlisa da momsaxurebis yidvisa da gayidvis procesi, romelic xorcieldeba internetis, kompiuteruli qselebisa da sxva cifruli teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT.eleqtronuli biznesi - e-biznesi - internetisa da sxva cifruli teqnologiebis gamoyeneba firmis SigniT kavSirebisaTvis, koordinaciisa da misi saqmianobis marTvisaTvis)

leqcia 5 (#6) 1.4 infromaciuli menejmentis gamoyeneba: axali SesaZleblobebi da axali problemebi

informaciuli sistemebis mier sawarmoebisaTvis micemuli mravali axali SesaZleblobisda miuxedavad, isini xandaxan warmoqmnian axal problemebsac da menejerebs uyeneben principialurad axal amocanebs. am kursis mizania SeviswavloT informaciuli menejmentis upiratesobebi da gavecnoT warmoqmnili problemebis gadaWris gzebs.

informaciuli menejmenti: marTvis ZiriTadi sakiTxebiinformaciuli menejmentisaTvis saWiro informaciuli sistemebis Sesaqmnelad menejerebma unda gadawyviton amocanebi Semdeg xuT ZiriTad areSi:

1. strategiuli biznes-problema: kiberkorporaciis saqmianoba. rogor SeiZleba gamoiyenon kompaniebma informaciuli teqnologiebi, raTa iyvnen konkurentunarianebi, imuSaon maqsimalurad efeqturad da SemdgomSi mTlianad gadavidnen kompiuterul safuZvelze?

kiberkorporaciis Seqmna da yvela potenciuri SesaZleblobis realizacia mravali sawarmosaTvis didi da rTuli gzaa. informaciul teqnologiebSi didi investiciebis miuxedavad bevrma kompaniam ver SeZlo mogebis mniSvnelovani gazrda, isini ver gaxdnen kiberkorporaciebi. raTa srulad gamoiyenon informaciuli teqnologiebis

upiratesobebi da miaRwion saqmianobis maqsimalur efeqturobas, sawarmoebis umravlesobas sWirdeba mTliani gardaqmna. maT unda Secvalon organizaciuli politika, Seqmnan axali biznes-modelebi da gaauqmon moZvelebuli ganyofilebebi. Tu moxdeba mxolod ZiriTadi biznes-procesebis avtomatizacia, SeuZlebelia informaciuli menejmentis mTeli potencialis gamoyeneba. 2. globalizacia: icnoben Tu ara sawarmoebi moTxovnebs, romlebsac unda akmayofilebdnen biznesi da misi informaciuli uzrunvelyofa ekonomikis globalizaciis pirobebSi? saerTaSoriso vaWrobis swrafma zrdam da globalizaciis tendenciam moiTxova iseTi informaciuli sistemebis gamoyeneba, romlebsac SeuZliaT moemsaxuron sawarmoo da savaWro operaciebs sxvadasxva qveynebSi. raTa gansxvavebebma enaSi, kulturasa da politikaSi ar gamoiwvion qaosi kompaniaSi da warmatebiT ganvitardes saerTaSoriso informaciuli sistemebi, sawarmoebma unda SeimuSaon teqnikuri, programuli da sakomunikacio standartebi, aseve unda Seqmnan transnacionaluri finansuri

da saangariSgebo struqturebi. Tanamedrove menejerebma mkafiod unda warmoidginon, Tu rogor unda moxdes sxvadasxva Tanamedrove kompiuteruli sistemebisa da programuli produqtebis koordinacia da mowesrigeba, raTa dakmayofildes sawarmos organizaciis tviToeuli donis moTxovnebi, aseve maqsimalurad gaizardos mTeli sawarmos SuSaobis efeqturoba. 3. informaciuli infrastruqtura: Tanamedrove ekonomikuri pirobebi da mudmivi progresi kompiuterul sistemebSi moiTxoven informaciuli struqturebis Seqmnisadmi sruliad axal midgomas. informaciuli arqiteqtura: es aris forma, romelsac informaciuli menejmentis teqnologia Rebulobs calkeul sawarmoSi da romlis daniSnulebaa uzrunvelyos mocemuli firmis mier dasaxuli amocanebis gadawyveta da misi specifikuri funqciebis Sesruleba. es aris rogorc programuli uzrunvelyofis arqiteqtura, ise organizaciuli doneebis struqtura, informaciul sistemasTan muSaobis xerxebi. radgan menejerebi da sxva TanamSromlebi am sistemasTan uSualod muSaoben, is unda pasuxobdes kompaniis biznesis yvela amocanebs rogorc awmyoSi, ise

momavalSi. zemoT moyvanil naxazze mocemulia sawarmos informaciuli infrastruqturis ZiriTadi elementebi, romlebTanac menejers axla aqvs urTierToba da romlebic manunda ganaviTaros momavalSi. am arqiteqturaSi aris saqmiani gamoyenebebi sawarmos yvela funqcionaluri arisaTvis, marketingisa da gayidvebis, warmoebis, finansebis, sabuRaltro aRricxvisa da SromiTi resursebis CaTvliT. aqve moyvanilia gamoyenebebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen biznes-procesebis mimdinareobas, romlebic aerTianeben ramodenime organizaciul dones da funqcias, aseve akavSireben sawarmos momwodeblebTan, distributorebTan, saqmian partniorebTan da klientebTan. kompiuteruli mowyobilobebi, programuli uzrunvelyofa, monacemebis Senaxvis mowyobilobebi, qselebi da adamianuri rezervebi – aris informaciuli sistemis resursebi, romlebTanac misi gamoyenebebi muSaoben. Tanamedrove informaciuli infrastruqturebi dakavSirebulia saerTo moxmarebis qselebTa, rogoricaa interneti. qvemoT moyvanilia ramodenime tipiuri kiTxva informaciul arqiteqturaze da infrastruqturaze, romelsac unda gascen pasuxi Tanamedrove menejerebma.

- gadaicema Tu ara monacemebi, romlebis exeba sawarmos gasaRebis sistemas da mis sxva biznes-funqciebs, kompaniis yvela WEB-resursebze Tu isini unda ganTavsdes mxolod kompaniis saTao ofisSi?

- Seqmnis Tu ara sawarmo sakomunikacio sistemebs misi struqturis calkeuli elementebis dasakavSireblad sxvadasxva programul gamoyenebebTan?

- gaafaraToebs Tu ara sawarmo infrastruqturas Tavisi sazRvrebis gareT, daakavSirebs ra mas klientebTan da momwodeblebTan?

am kiTxvebze universaluri pasuxebi ar arsebobs. metic, biznesi mudmivad cvalebai sferoa, amitom sawarmos informaciuli struqtura aseve unda iyos Ria nebismieri cvlilebebisaTvis. menejmentis mier informaciuli arqiteqturisa da infrastruqturis Seqmna gansakuTrebulad Zneli amocanaa kiberkorporaciebisaTvis. sawarmoebis umravlesoba iyenebs bevr izolirebul da erTmaneTTan SeuTavsebel kompiuterul mowyobolobebs, programebs, telekomunikaciur qselebsa da informaciul sistemebs, rolebic abrkoleben informaciis firmis SigniT Tavisufal gavrcelebas. internrt-standartebis gamoyenebam SeiZleba moxsnas SeuTavseblobis zogierTi problema. saerTod, sawarmos globaluri teqnikur-informaciuli platformis Seqmns sakmaod rTuli amocanaa. 4. investiciebi informaciul sistemebSi: rogor gansazRvravs sawarmo informaciuli sistemebis Rirebulebas sakuTari biznesisaTvis? mZlavri da iafi kompiuteruli mowyobilobebis farTo gavrcelebasTan erTad teqnikuri problemebi kargaven TavianT mniSvnelobas da pirvel planze gamodis saqmianobis organizaciasa da marTvasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi. rogor unda uzrunvelyon sawarmoebma sakmarisi mogebis miReba informaciul sistemebSi investirebis pirobebSi? cvlilebebs sawarmos struqturaSi da mis informaciul sistemebSi didi dro da saSualebebi Wirdeba. sawarmos menejmentma aseT dros pasuxi unda gasces Semdeg kiTxvebs:

- miiReba Tu ara mogeba axal kompiuterul sistemebSi investiciebidan?- rogoria konkurentebis mogeba sawarmos mogebasTan SedarebiT?

yovelTvis winaswar Znelia imis Tqma, axali sistema Rirs Tu ara masze daxarjul drod da Tanxebad. warmovidginoT im sawarmos xelmZRvanelis mdgomareoba, romelc pasuxismgebeli iyo informaciuli menejmentis struqturis Seqmnaze, Tu araswori gadawyvetileba da gaumarTlebeli riski sawarmos daujdeba milionobiT dolarad da fuWad daxarjul wlebad. 5. pasuxismgebloba da kontroli: rogor SeiZleba imaSi darwmuneba, rom sawarmos informaciuli sistemebi gamoiyeneba Sesabamisad? rogor moxdes maTi proeqtireba ise, rom masSi garkveva TanamSromlebisaTvis advili iyos da rogor moxdes maTi kontroli? marTalia informaciuli sistemebisa da menejmentis gamoyeneba iZleva bevr upiratesobas, unda gaTvaliswinebuli iyos axali problemebi da siZneleebic, romlebzec menejerebma unda ifiqron Tavidanve.

mTavari siZnele menejerisaTvis is aris, rom man unda miiRos swori gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic gaiTvaliswineben aseTi sistemebis danergvis yvela Sedegebs – rogorc dadebiTs, ise uaryofiTs. informaciuli sistemebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi zemoqmedebebi moyvanilia cxrilSi qvemoT:

informaciuli sistemebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi zemoqmedebebi informaciuli sistemebis uaryofiTi Sedegebi gamoyenebis upiratesobebi

informaciul sistemebs adamianebze mravali operaciis avtomatizacia,gacilebiT swrafad SeuZliaT gamoT- rasac adre adamianebi asrulebdnen,vlebis Sesruleba da dokumentebis iwvevs samuSao adgilebisdamuSaveba Semcirebas

informaciuli sistemebi exmarebian informaciuli sistemebi saSualebassawarmoebs meti gaigon bazris aZleven sawarmoebs Seagrovon tendenciebsa da momxmareblebis personaluri monacemebi adamianebze,survilebze romlebic arRveven maT uflebebs informaciis konfidencialurobaze

informaciuli sistemebi sawarmos informaciuli sistemebi imdenadsaSualebas aZleven danergon farTod gamoiyeneba yoveldRiuraxali servisebi, rogoricaa cxovrebaSi, rom maT muSaobaSi`avtomaturi salaro~, satelefono Seferxebebma SeiZleba praqtikuladsistemebi da kompiuteruli mTliand moaxdinon sawarmos terminalebi muSaobis paralizeba

informaciuli sistemebi saSualebas informaciuli sistemebis mudmiviZlevian gamoyenebuli iqnan axali momxmareblebs SeiZleba xSiradmeTodebi medicinaSi gauCndeT stresebi da janmrTelobis

sxva problemebiinterneti informacias xdis interneti SeiZleba gamoyenebulixelmisawvdoms milionobiT iqnas programuli uzrunvelyofis,

adamianisaTvis mTel msoflioSi wignebis, filmebis da sxva sakuTrebis `piratuli~ aslebis gavrcelebisaTvis

menejerebs aseve xSirad mouxdebaT saqme iqonion informaciuli sistemebis usafrTxoebisa da kontrolis problemebTan. es sistemebi imdenad mniSvnelovan rols asruleben biznesSi, saxelmwifosa da yoveldTiur cxovrebaSi, rom sawarmoebs mouxdebaT miiRon specialuri zomebi, raTa darwmunebuli iyvnen maT sizusteSi, saimedoobasa da usafrTxoebaSi. menejerebs mouxdebaT pasuxebis gacema aseT kiTxvebzec:

- SeZleben Tu ara isini TavianT informaciuli sistemebSi gamoiyenon xarisxis iseTive standartebi, rogorsac iyeneben saqonlisa da momsaxurebis Seqmnisas?

- SeZleben Tu ara isini iseTi informaciuli sistemebis Seqmnas, romlebic daicaven kerZo infirmaciis konfidencialurobas da amasTan Seesabamebian sawarmos miznebas da amocanebs?

- gaakontroleben Tu ara es sistemebi TanamSromlebis saqmianobas?- ra RonisZiebebi gatardeba, Tu procesebis avtomatizacia gamoiwvevs

samuSao adgilebis Semcirebas? informaciuli menejmentis kursis mizania davexmaroT menejerebs aseTi amocanebis gadawyvetaSi. qvemoT moyvanilia zogierTi saWiro ganmarteba marTvis safuZvlebidan da aRwerilia sawarmos marTvis siZneleebi.

menejmenti

menejerebi pasuxismgebelni arian mravali amocanis analizze da problemis gadawyvetaze, romlebic dgebian sawarmos winaSe, aseve moqmedebis strategiisa da gegmebis SemuSavebaze. informaciuli sistemebi warmoadgenen menejerebis erT-erT instruments, romlebic mas awvdian gadawyvetilebebis miRebisaTvis saWiro informacias. informaciuli sistemebi maT exmarebian aseve miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Sesrulebis procesSi da gamoiyenebian rogorc marTvis berketebi.

sawarmo informaciuli sistemebi farTod damkvidrdnen sxvadasxva sawarmoebSi. maTzea damokidebuli TviT korporatiuli kultura, politika, samuSao procesebi da standartuli saoperacio procedurebi. isini warmoadgenen instrumentebs sawarmos saorganizacio struqturis SecvlisaTvis, gardaqmnian ra am struqturis calkeul elementebs axal biznes-modelebSi da afarToeben ra sawarmos sazRvrebs. upiratesobebi, romlebsac isini iZlevian, iwveven ekonomikis globalizacias, kiberkorporaciebis gaCenas.

teqnologiaqseluri revolucia swrafad mimdinareobs. informaciuli sistemebis teqnologiebi aRar SemoisazRvreba mxolod kompiuterebiT, aramed Sedgeba teqnologiebis mTeli speqtrisagan, romlebic saSualebas iZlevian kompiuterebi gaerTiandes qselebSi, mniSvnelovnad afarToeben ra maTi gamoyenebis areals. interneti warmoadgens universalur moqnil platformas informaciis nakadebis SeqmnisaTvis, romlebic winaaRmdegobebis gareSe vrceldebian rogorc sawarmos SigniT, ise mis gareT, akavSirebs ra sawarmos klientebTan, momwodeblebTan da saqmian partniorebTan.

informaciuli menejmentis Seqmnisas da gamoyenebisas warmoSobili mmarTvelobiTi amocanebi:arsebobs amocanebis xuTi ZiriTad tipi: 1. iseTi sistemebis Seqmna, romlebic iqnebian maqsimalurad konkurentunarianebi, efeqturebi da maqsimalurad moicaven sawarmos yvela biznes-procesebs. 2. informaciuli sistemebisadmi wayenebuli moTxovnebis swori gansazRvra 3. informaciuli arqiteqturisa da sistemuri infrastruqturis Seqmna, romlebis pasuxobe sawarmos amocanebs 4. biznesisaTvis maTi sargeblianobis gansazRvra 5. momxmareblebisaTvis gasagebi da marTvaSi martivi sistemebis Seqmna, romlebis ar arRveven ZiriTad eTikur principebs.

integracia:marTalia xSirad saWiroa calkeuli sistemebis Seqmna, romlebic sxvadasxva funqciebs asruleben sxvadsxva doneebze, sul ufro meti sawarmoebi cdiloben Seqmnan integrirebuli sistemebi. magram informaciuli sistemebi, romlebic aerTianeben yvela biznes-processa da yvela funqcias, SeiZleba iyvnen Zalian rtuli agebisas da masTan muSaobisas, amasTan Zalian Zviri. menejerebma winaswar unda gansazRvron, integraciis ra done dasWirdeba kompanias da ramdeni dajdeba es.

menejerebis saqmianobis sferos gafarToeba: menejerebis umravlesoba SeCveulia saqmianoba awarmoon biznesis mxolod calkeul sferoebSi – konkretul ganyofilebaSi, ofisSi an saamqroSi. magram sawarmoebis informaciuli sistemebi da sawarmoo qselebi moiTxoven menejerisagan ufro farTo midgomas, xSirad sakuTari sawarmos gareTac ki. investiciebi informaciuli sistemebSi Seadgenen mniSvnelovan Tanxebs da danergvis da gaumjobesebis process unda xelmZRvanelobdnen adamianebi, romlebsac aqvT sruli warmodgena firmis miznebsa da amocanebze.

leqcia 6 (#7)

2.1 ZiriTadi informaciuli sistemebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba sawarmoebSi da organizaciebSi

radgan yovel sawarmoSi arsebobs ganyofilebebi, romlebSic sxvadasxva specialobis TanamSromlebi muSaoben, da sxvadasxva organizaciuli doneebi, maTi marTvisaTvis saWiroa sxvadasxva tipis ramodenime informaciuli sistema. arcerT calkeul sistemas ar SeuZlia moaxdinos organizaciis funqcionirebisaTvis saWiro mTeli informaciis dateva. qvemoTmoyvanil suraTze moyvanilia calkeul sawarmoSi gamoyenebuli yvela sistemis gamosaxvis erT-erTi xerxi. masze naCvenebia strategiuli, mmarTvelobiTi, profesionaluri da saoperacio doneebi, romlebis, Tavis mxriv, iyofian xuT funqcionalur ared: marketingi da gayidvebi, warmoeba, finansebi, buRalteria da personalis marTva. informaciuli sistemebi ise igeba, rom gamoyenebul iqnan yvela doneebze da yvela areSi.

informaciuli sistemis jgufebi, visac emsaxureba sistema tipi strategiuli mTavari done menejerebi

menejmentis saSualo rgolis done menejerebi

codnis TanamSromlebi, romlebic done amuSaveben monacemebsa da codnas

operaciuli operaciuli done menejerebi

funqcionaluri gayidvebi warmo- finan- buRal- personalis areebi da marketingi eba sebi teria marTva informaciuli sistemebis sxvadasxva saxeebisxvadasxva saorganizacio doneebze samuSaod gaTvaliswinebulia informaciuli sistemebis Semdegi oTxi ZiriTadi saxe: operaciuli donis sistemebi, sistemebi monacemebTan (codnasTan) profesionaluri muSaobisaTvis, mmarTvelobiTi sistemebi da strategiuli sistemebi (strategiuli dagegmvis sistemebi). operaciuli donis sistemebi (Operational-level systems) exmarebian menejer-operacionistebs gaakontrolon yvela elementaruli moqmedeba da tranzaqcia sawarmos SigniT, rogorebicaa gayidvebi, fuladi Semosulobebi, depozitebi, sagadamxdelo uwyisebi, sakredito istoriebi da warmoebaSi nedleulis Semosvla. am donis sistemebis gamoyenebis ZiriTadi miznebia rutinuli amocanebis gadawyveta da sawamos SigniT yvela tranzaqciis monitoringi. magaliTad, kiTxvaze – ramdeni saTadarigo nawilia realurad – swrafi pasuxis gasacemad informacia unda iyos advilad xelmisawvdomi, axali da zusti. aseTi sistemebi akontroleben TanamSromlebis samuSao drois avtomatur aRricxvasac.

codnasTan muSaobis sistemebi (Knowledge-level systems) uzrunvelyofen sawarmos codnis arsebobasa da mis gamoyenebas TanamSromlebis mier. aseTi sistemebis daniSnulebaa axali monacemebisa da codnis integracia da TanamSromlebisaTvis yvelanair dokumentebTan muSaobaSi daxmareba. aseTi informaciuli sistemebi, dayenebuli samuSao adgilebze da saofise kompiuterebze, warmoadgenen yvelaze gavrcelebul programebs, romlebic gamoiyeneba dRes biznesis yvela sferoSi.

mmarTvelobiTi donis sistemebi (Management-level systems) gamoiyeneba monitoringisaTvis, kontrolisaTvis, gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi daxamrebisaTvis,

aseve saSualo rgolis menejerebis mier administraciuli funqciebis SesrulebisaTvis. isini iZlevian pasuxs kiTxvaze: yvelaferi muSaobs Tu ara ise, rogorc saWiroa. am sistemebs SeuZliaT peroduli angariSebis mocema saqmianobis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb da informaciis warmodgena calkeuli operaciebis Sesaxeb. am donis zogierTi sistemebi exmarebian menejerebs arastandartuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi. isini iZlevian pasuxeba Semdegi tipis kiTxvebze: rogor imoqmedebs sawarmoo gegmaze gayidvebis mkveTri zrda dekemberSi? ra daemarTeba investirebul kapitalze mogebas, Tu qarxnis gaSveba gadaideba erTi TviT? aseT kiTxvebze pasuxebi xSirad moiTxoven axal monacemebs, romlebsac ver miviRebT TviT sawarmoSi, da monacemebs, romelTa miReba Znelia operaciuli donis Sida sistemebidan.

strategiuli dagegmvis sistemebi (Strategic-level systems) exmarebian mTavar menejerebs gadawyviton strategiuli sakiTxebi da ganaxorcielon grZelvadiani dagegmva, gaiTvaliswineben ra am dros ara marto sawrmos monacemebs, aramed garemocvis realiebs. am sistemebis mTavari daniSnulebaa sawarmos saqmianobis SeTanxmeba garemo pirobebTan. pasuxebi gaicema aseT tipiur kiTxvebze: Rirs Tu ara Tanxebis grZelvadiani investireba da romel sferoSi SeeZleba sawarmos miiRos maqsimaluri mogeba? ra saxis produqtebs gamouSvebs sawarmo uaxloes xuT weliwadSi? es informaciuli sistemebi aseve emsaxurebian ZiriTadi biznes-funqciebis realizacias, rogorebicaa produqciis gayidva da marketingi, warmoeba, finansebi, buRalteria da SromiTi resursebis kontroli.

Cven jer aRvwerT TviToeuli saorganizacio doneze momuSave sistemebis calkeul kategoriebs, xolo Semdeg vaCvenebT rogor iyeneben sawarmoebi am sistemebs ZiriTad biznes-funqciebis gansaxorcieleblad.

informaciuli sistemebis eqvsi ZiriTadi tipiSemdeg naxazze naCvenebia informaciuli sistemebis 6 ZiriTadi tipi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia konkretul organizaciul doneebze samuSaod. esenia: strategiuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebis uzrunvelmyofi sistemebi strategiul doneze gamosayeneblad; mmarTvelobiTi informaciuli sistemebi da gadawyvetilebebis miRebis uzrunvelmyofi sistemebi mmarTvelobiT doneze; monacemebTan samuSao sistemebi da saofise sistemebi codnis doneze; tranzaqciebis damuSavebis sistemebi operaciul doneze. TviToeul doneze informaciuli sistemebi uzrunvelyofen garkveuli funqciebis Sesrulebas. amgvarad, sawarmoSi momuSave tipiuri sistemebi exmarebian momuSaveebsa da menejerebs TviToeul doneze marketinguli, sawarmoo, safinanso da sxva funqciebis SesrulebaSi.

sistemebis tipebi

strategiuli gadawyvetilebebismiRebis uzrunvelyofis sistemebi

mmarTvelobiTi informaciuli sistemebigadawyvetilebebis miRebis uzrunvelyofis

strategiuli donis sistemebigayidvebis 5 wliani 5 wliani mogebis personalisdonis 5 operatiuli sabiujeto dagegmva saqmianobiswliani gegma prognozi dagegmvaprognozi

menejmentis donis sistemebigayidvebis maragebis biujetis kapitaluri gadaadgile- marTva kontroli wliuri investiciebis bebis dagegmva analizi analizi gayidvebis warmoebis xarjebis mogeba/ xarjebis ana-regionebis kalendaruli analizi zaralis lizi kontraq-analizi dagegmva analizi tebis mixedviT

sistemebi

codnisasTan muSaobis sistemebi

saofise sistemebi

tranzaqciebis damuSavebis sistemebi

marketingi warmoeba finansebi arRicxva kadrebis da gayidvebi ganyofileba

Semdeg cxrilSi aRwerilia eqvsive tipis sainformacio sistemis SesaZleblobebi. unda aRiniSnos, rom TviToeul maTganSi SeiZleba Sediodes komponentebi, romlebic iseT organizaciul doneze gamoiyeneba, romlisTvisac mTeli sistema ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli. magaliTad, saSualo rgolis menejerma SeiZleba mimarTos informaciisaTvis tranzaqciebis damuSavebis sistemasac.

informaciis damuSavebis sistemebis maxasiaTeblebi

sistemis tipi informacis Setana informaciis informaciis momxmareblebi damuSaveba gamotana

strategiuli agregirebuli grafika; proeqciebi; ufrosigadawyvetil. monacemebi: modelireba; SekiTxvebze menejerebimiRebis uzrun. Sida da gare interaqtiuroba pasuxebisistemebigadawyvetilebebis monacemebis interaqtiuroba; specialuri profesio-miRebis uzrunvel- mcire mocul. modelireba; angariSebi; nalebi;yofis sistemebi an masiuri mo- analizi gadawyvetilebe- personalis nacemTa bazebi, bis analizi; samsaxuris romlebic opti- pasuxebi menejerebi mizirebulia SekiTxvebze monacemebis ana- lizisaTvismmarTvelobiTi jamuri trazaq- proceduruli Semajamebeli saSualoinformaciuli ciebis monaceme- angariSebi; mar- angariSebi; rgolis sistemebi bi; monacemTa tivi modelebi; aseve angariSe- menejerebi didi moculo- qveda donis bi gamonakli- bebi; martivi analizi sebze modelebicodnisasTan proeqtis modelireba; modelebi; profesio-muSaobis specifikaciebi; imitaciebi grafika nalebi; teq-

menejmentis donis sistemebi inJineruli grafikuli mmarTvelobiTisamuSao sadgurebi samuSao sadgurebi samuSao sadgurebi

teqstebis dokumentebis eleqtronuli damuSaveba warmodgena kalendrebi

menejmentis donis sistemebi manqanuri savaWro xelfasebi kompensaciebi kontroli operaciebis dacvaSekveTebze qarxnebis kreditorebis swavleba dadakvirveba kalendaruli aRricxva damuSaveba dagegmva

SekveTebis materialebis naRdi fuladi debitorebis TanamSromle-damuSaveba gadaadgilebis saxsrebis aRricxva bis Canawereb- kontroli marTva is warmarTva

sistemebi codnis baza nikuri per sonalisaofise dokumentebi; dokumentebis dokumentebi; moxeleebisistemebi kalendaruli marTva; kalenda- kalendaruli gegmebi ruli dagegmva; gegmebi; komunikacia fostatranzaqciebis tranzaqciebi; daxarisxeba; detalizirebu- operaciu-damuSavebis xdomilobebi siis gamotana; li angariSebi; li perso-sistemebi Serwyma; ganax- siebi; naerTebi nali; admi- leba nistrato- rebi

tranzaqciebis damuSavebis sistemebitranzaqciebis damuSavebis sistemebi (Tranzaction processing systems) ZiriTadi biznes-sistemebia, romlebic operaciul doneze muSaoben. es kompiuteruli sistemebia, romlebic asruleben da aregistrireben yvela mimdinare operacias, romlebic saWiroa sawarmos normaluri saqmianobisaTvis. operaciul doneze yvela miznebi, amocanebi da resursebi winaswaraa ganawilebili da mkafiod struqturirebulia. magaliTisaTvis qvemoT mocemulia saxelfaso uwyisebis damuSavebis sistema, romelic aris erT-erTi tipiuri tranzaqciebis damuSavebis sabuRaltro sistema, romelic bevr sawarmoSi gamoiyeneba. sistema awarmoebs sawarmos TanamSromlebisaTvis xelfasebis gadaxdis monitorings. ZiriTadi faili Sedgeba informaciis calkeuli nawilebisagan (saxeli, misamarTi, TanamSromlis saidentifikacio kodi), romlebsac uwodeben elementarul monacemebs. am monacemebs aqvT gasaRebebi, romlebiTac maTi ganaxlebaa SesaZlebeli. ZiriTadi failidan SeiZleba moxdes elementaruli monacemebis sxvadasxvanairi kombinireba angariSebis menejerebisaTvis an saxelmwifo struqturebisaTvis warsadgenad. sistemas SeuZlia monacemebis nebismieri kombinaciis mqone angariSebis generireba.

monacemebi TanamSromlebze mTavar wignSi:(sxvadasxva ganyofilebebi) Tanamdebobrivi sargo da xelfasi

angariSebi saxelmwifo struqturebisaTvis

TanamSromlebis Semowmeba

interaqtiuri SekiTxvebi: interaqtiuri SekiTxvebi: gamomuSavebis done

saxelfaso uwyisebis damuSavebis sistema

saxelfaso uwyisebis ZiriTadi faili

mmarTvelobi-Ti angariSebi

monacemebis elementebisaxelfaso uwyisebisZiriTad failSi:TanamSromeli nomeri saxeli misamarTi ganyofileba Tanamdeboba sargo Svebuleba xelfasis daricxva gamomuSaveba wlebis mixedviT gadasaxadebi socialuri saSemosavlo sxva dakavebebi

TanamSr. saxeli xelfasi gadasa- gamom.nomeri xadebi wlebis mixedv.#### ------------- 10000 120 6000

tranzaqciebis damuSavebis sxva tipiuri sistemebi mocemulia qvemoT. suraTidan Cans, rom aseTi sistemebi iyofian xuT funqcionalur kategoriad: vaWroba/marketingi, sawmoeba, finansebi/buRalteria, SromiTi resursebi da sxva tipebi, romelTa daniSnulebaa specifikur SemTxvevebSi da pirobebSi gamoyeneba. tranzaqciebis damuSavebis sistemebi xSirad kompaniebis ganmsazRvreli sistemebia, radgan maT saqmianobaSi mcire darRvevebsac ki SeuZliaT gamoiwvion seriozuli problemebi sawarmos saqmianobaSi. menejerebs WirdebaT aseTi tipis sistemebi operaciebis statusis monitoringisaTvis firmis SigniT da partniorebTan muSaobisaTvis. es sistema aseve aris informaciis ZiroTadi mimwodebeli sxva sainformacio sistemebisaTvis. magaliTad, sabuRaltro sistema ver daiTvlis Semosavlebsa da xarjebs, Tu saxelfaso uwyisebis damuSavebis sistemidan ar miiRo informacia. es informacia aseve saWiroa Semosavlebis deklaraciebisa da balansebis Sesadgenad.

funqciebi da qve-

sistemebi

tranzaqciebis damuSavebis sistemebis tipebimarketingis/gayidvebissistemebi

warmoebissistemebi

sabuRaltro/safinansosistemebi

personalismarTvis

sistemebi

sistemebis sxva tipebi

sistemis ZiriTadi

funqciebi

gayidvebis marTva; bazris gamokvleba; faswarmoqmna;axali saqoneli

kalendaruli dagegmva; Sesyidvebi; miwodeba/

miReba; inJineringi;operaciebi

biujetis Sedgena;mTavari wigni;

gadaxdebi;xarjebis aRricxva

Canawerebi TanamSrom-lebze; mo-

geba; kompen- saciebi; SromiTi ur-TierTobebi; swavleba

miReba; Sefasebebis registracia;

kursebisregistracia;

moswavleebi

ZiriTadigamoyen

e-biTi

sistemebi

gayidvebze SekveTebis

damuSavebis inf. sistema;

bazris Seswavlis sistema;

gayidvebze sakomisioebis

Sefasebis sistema

manqanuri kontrolis sistema;

Sesyidvebze Sekvetebis aRricxvis sistema; xarisxis kontrolis sistemebi

mTavari wigni;

debitor/kreditorebis

aRricxva;fondebis marTvis

sistemebi

saxelfaso uwyisebi;

Canawerebi TanamSrom-

lebze; mogebis aRricxvis sistema;

kariruli zrdis sistema

registraciis sistema;

biografiuli monacemebis

kontrolis sistema;

sponsorobazexarjebis kontrolis sistema

codnasTan muSaobis sistemebi da saofise sistemebi codnasTan muSaobis sistemebisa da saofise sistemebis (Knowledge work systems, Office systems) daniSnulebaa monacemebis doneze informaciasTan muSaoba. es sistemebi exmarebian gonebrivi SromiT dakavebul TanamSromlebs. maTi ZiriTadi saqmianobaa axali informaciisa da codnis Seqmna. codnasTan muSaobis sistemebi samuSao sistemebia samecniero da teqnikuri proeqtirebisaTvis, sxvadasxva saxis teqnikuri eqspertizebis CatarebisaTvis. ofisis TanamSromlebi ZiriTadad muSaoben mza informaciasTan, iyeneben da avrceleben mas. saofise sistemebis daniSnulebaa TanamSromlebis muSaobis efeqturobis gazrda ofisis farglebSi informaciis koordinirebisa da gacvlis gziT. isini aseve uzrunvelyofen kavSirs

momxmareblebTan, momwodeblebTan da sxva sawarmoebTan. tipiuri saofise sistemebi (teqsturi redaqtorebi, sagamomcemlo sistemebi, dokumentebis grafikuli warmodgenis sistemebi) amuSaveben dokumentebs, adgenen kalendarul grafikebs, anxorcieleben komunikaciebs. dokumentebis grafikuli damuSavebis sistemebi axdenen dokumentebis konvertirebas cifrul formatSi, rac Semdgom maTTan kompiuterze muSaobis saSualebas iZleva.

mmarTveli informaciuli sistemebimmarTveli informaciuli sistemebi (Manajement information systems) muSaoben sawarmos mmarTvelobiT doneze. isini exmarebian menejerebs angariSebis Sedgenisas, aZleven ra mudmivad maT informacias sawarmos mimdinare mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. maTi ZiriTadi funqciebia dagegmva, kontroli da gadawyvetilebebis miReba mmarTvelobiT doneze. saWiro informacias isini Rebuloben tranzaqciebis damuSavebis sistemebidan. mmarTveli informaciuli sistemebi axdenen sawarmos ZiriTad operaciebze mTeli informaciis koncentracias, uzrunvelyofen sxvadasxva saxis angariSebis miRebas. tranzaqciebis damuSavebis sistemidan miRebuli monacemebi ZiriTad operaciebze SekumSulia da gamoiyenebian regularul angariSebSi. suraTze qvemoT naCvenebia, Tu rogor amuSavebs mmarTveli informaciuli sistema gayidvebTan, warmoebasTan da buRaltrul aRricxvasTan dakavSirebul monacemebs, aTavsebs ra maT specialur failebSi, romelTa gamoyenebiTac menejerebs SeuZliaT miiRon angariSebi.

tranzaqciebis damuSavebi sistemebi mmarTveli informaciuli sistemebi

SekveTebis damuSavebis sistemisfaili

master-failiwarmoebisganyofilebi-dan

sabuRaltrofailebi

suraTze tranzaqciebis damuSavebis sami sistemidan garkveuli periodulobiT informacia operaciebze gadaecema mmarTvel informaciul sistemas, romelic axdens menejerebisa muSaobisaTvis saWiro angariSebis generirebas. Semdeg suraTze ki moyvanilia aseTi gziT miRebuli angariSis magaliTi:

gemebis faili (teqnikuri monacemebi)

portebamde manZilebiT ganpi- robebuli SezRudvebis faili saTbobis xarjvasTan dakavSirebuli analitikuri danaxarjebis faili

SekveTebis damuSavebis sistema

materialuri resursebis dagegmvis sistema

mTavari wig-nis uzrunvel-yofis sistema

MmarTveli inf. sistemis failebi

M monacememebi gayidvebze

erTeul produqciaze danaxarjebis monacemebi monacemebi saqonlis cvlilebebze

monacemebi danaxarjebze

mmarT.infor.sistem

anga-riS-ebi

menejerebi

personalurikompiuteri

modelebi anali monacemTa gemebis personalTan dakavSirebuli bazebi danaxarjebis faili portebTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis faili

es sistema warmoadgens reisebis Rirebulebis Sefasebis sistemis magaliTs. gadawyvetilebebis miRebis xelSemwyobi es sistema funqcionirebs personalur kompiuterze, is yoveldRiurad gamoiyeneba sazRvao tvirTzidvebis dargis menejerebis mier. saerTod, mmarTveli informaciuli sistemebi gansakuTrebiT gavrcelebulia im menejerebs Soris, romlebsac ainteresebT kompaniis saqmianobis yovelkvireuli, yovelTviuri, wliuri Sedegebi (magram ara yoveldRiuri). sistema saSualebas iZleva miviRoT pasuxebi kiTxvebze, romlebic dasmulia winaswar, standartuli algoriTmebis gamoyenebiT. mmarTveli informaciuli sistemebis didi nawili iyenebs martiv procedurebs, rTuli maTematikuri modelebisa da statistikuri meTodebisagan gansxvavebiT.

gadawyvetilebebis miRebis xelSemwyobi sistemebi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis xelSemwyobi sistemebi (Decision-support systems) aseve funqcionireben sawarmos mmarTvelobiT doneze. isini exmarebian menejerebs miiRon gadawyvetilebebi gansakuTrebul, swrafad cvlad da araprognozirebad situaciebSi, romelTa gansazRvra winaswar SeuZlebelia. marTalia es sistemebi ZiriTadad iyeneben Sida informacias, miRebuls mmarTvelobiTi sistemebidan da tranzaqciebis damuSavebis sistemebidan, magram xSirad maT sWirdebad damatebiTi informaciisaTvis gare wyaroebic, rogorebicaa birJis kursebi an produqciaze konkurentebis fasebi. cxadia, rom gadawyvetilebebis miRebis xelSemwyob sistemebs aqvT didi analitikuri SesaZleblobebi sxva sistemebTan SedarebiT. maTSi realizebulia monacemebis analizis mravali modeli, amasTan maT SeuZliaT didi odenobiT informaciis koncentracia da misTvis gadawyvetilebebis miRebaze pasuxismgebeli pirebisaTvis mosaxerxebeli formis micema. es sistemebi isea daproeqtebuli, rom momxmareblebi maTTan muSaoben pirdapir, mosaxerxebeli interfeisiT. isini interaqtiuri sistemebia da SesaZlebelia sawyisi pirobebisa da monacemebis cvla. magaliTisaTvis SeiZleba ganvixiloT zemoTmoyvanili reisebis Rirebulebis Sefasebis sistema. aseT sistemas SeuZlia pasuxi gasces Semdegi tipis kiTxvebze: viciT ra SemkveTis mowodebebis grafiki da satvirTo tarifebi, romeli gemi unda gamoviyenoT gadazidvisaTvis, raTa Semosavali iyos maqsimaluri? gemis rogori siCqarea optimaluri Semosavlisa da miwodebis grafikis TvalsazrisiT?

strategiuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebis xelSemwyobi sistemebi maRali donis menejerebi iyeneben strategiuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebis xelSemwyob sistemebs, romlebic maT exmarebian strategiuli masStabis gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi. aseTi sistemebi warmatebiT wyveten arastandartul problemebs, romlebsac Wirdeba zusti Sefaseba, msjeloba da intuicia. isini ise igeba, rom maT SeeZloT yvela gare xdomilebaze informaciis dajgufeba da aseve informaciis miReba sawarmos Sida sistemebisagan. isini filtraven, Tvalyurs adevneben monacemebis kritikul mniSvnelobebs, amcireben da amartiveben marTvisaTvis saWiro informaciis miRebis dros. aseTi sistemebi iyeneben yvelaze srulyofil grafikul programebs da pirdapir awvdian umaRlesi mmarTvelobis ofisebs sqemebsa da diagramebs. am tipis informaciuli sistemebi ar proeqtirdeba garkveuli tipis amocanebis gadasawyvetad, isini momxmarebels uzrunvelyofen gamoTvliTi da sakomunikacio

grafika

angariSebi

instrumentebiT, romlebic gamoyenebuli iqneba sxvadasxva saxis kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad, kerZod, aseT tipis kiTxvebze: ra mdgomareobaSia Cveni biznesi; ras SeuZlia bazris mudmivad cvladi koniunqturisagan dacva; romeli Svilobili firmebi SeiZleba gaiyidos, rom miviRoT Tanxebi axali SenaZenebisaTvis. qvemoT moyvanilia strategiuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebis xelSemwyobi sistemebis tipiuri modeli, romelic Sedgeba calkeuli samuSao adgilebisagan, romlebzec asaxulia meniu, interaqtiuri grafikuli elementebi da sakomunikacio uzrunvelyofa, romelTa gamoyenebiTac momxmarebels SeuZlia miiRos retrospeqtiuli da SedarebiTi monacemebi sawarmos Sida sistemebidan da gare monacemTa bazebidan. radgan aseTi sistemebis momxmareblebi umaRlesi donis mmarTvelebi arian, romlebsac xSirad ara aqvT kompiuterebTan muSaobis didi gamocdileba, sistemebs aqvT martivi da mosaxerxebeli interfeisi.

strategiuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebis xelSemwyobisistemis samuSao adgili

meniugrafikakomunikaciebilokaluri damuSaveba

sistemis sxva sistemis sxvasamuSao adgili samuSao adgili

meniu meniugrafika grafikakomunikaciebi komunikaciebilokaluri damuSaveba lokaluri damuSaveba

informaciuli sistemebis urTierTkavSiriqvemoT naCvenebia, rogoraa urTierTs Soris dakavSirebuli erT sawarmoSi sxvadasxva organizaciul doneze momuSave informaciuli sistemebi:

Sida monacemebi sxva informac.sistemebis monac. finansuri monacemebi saofise sistemebi

gare monacemebi internetis axaliambebi birJis indeqsebi informaciebisaxelmwifo struqtirebidan

tranzaqciebis damuSavebis sistema, rogorc wesi, warmoadgens sxva sistemebisaTvis monacemebis ZiriTad mimwodebels, xolo strategiuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebis xelSemwyobi sistema mxolod Rebulobs informacias dabali donis sistemebidan. sxva tipis istemebi aseve cvlian informacias erTmaneTSi, amasTan es gacvla SeiZleba moxdes sxvadasxva funqcionalur areebSi momuSave sistemebs Soris. cxadia, rom saWiroa garkveuli integraciis uzrunvelyofa sawarmos sxvadasxva informaciul sistemebs Soris, raTa informacia daubrkoleblad vrceldebodes sawarmos samsaxurebsa da danayofebs Soris. magram aseTi integracia Zviri siamovnebaa, radgan Zalian rTulia da did dros moiTxovs. TviToeulma sawarmom kargad unda awonos yvela dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi, sanam farTomasStabian informaciul integracias ganaxorcielebdes.

leqcia 7 (#8) 2.2 informaciuli sistemebi: funqcionaluri gansxvavebebi

informaciuli sistemebi SeiZleba klasificirdes ara marto organizaciuli doneebis mixedviT, romlebzec isini muSaoben, aramed maT mier Sesrulebadi funqciebis mixedviTac. Cven aRvwerT sxvadasxva informaciuli sistemebis mier Sesrulebad funqciebs da moviyvanT TviToeuli organizaciuli donisaTvis funqcionaluri gamoyenebebis magaliTebs.

gayidvebisa da marketingis sistemebirealizaciisa da marketingis sistemebi pirvel rigSi arian pasuxismgebeli produqciisa da momsaxurebis gayidvebze. marketingis funqcia aris sawarmos produqciisa da momsaxurebis momxmareblebis aris, maTi SekveTebisa da moTxovnilebebis

strategiuli gadawyvetileb- ebis miRebis xelSemwyobi sistemebi

mmarTveliinformaciuli sistemebi

gadawyvetileb- ebis miRebisxelSemwyobi sistemebi

codnis sistemebi da saofise sistemebi

tranzaqciebis damuSavebis sistemebi

gansazRvraSi, aseve maT dasakmayofileblad produqciisa da momsaxurebis dagegmvasa da gamoSvebaSi, maT reklamaSi. realizaciis samsaxurs aqvs kontaqtebi SemkveTebTan da momxmareblebTan, uSualod asyidebs maT produqciasa da momsaxurebas, iRebs SekveTebs. (Sales and marketing information systems) exmarebian TanamSromlebs CamoTvlili moqmedebebis SesrulebaSi. qvemoTmoyvanil cxrilSi naCvenebia Tu romeli informaciuli sistemebi gamoiyeneba gayidvebisa da marketingis samsaxurebSi da ra funqciebs asruleben isini:

gayidvebisa da marketingis informaciuli sistemebis magaliTebisistema aRwera organizaciuli

doneSekveTebis

damuSavebaSekveTebis Seyvana, damuSaveba da Tvalyuris mudevneba

operaciuli

bazris analizi bazrebisa da SekveTebis identifikacia demografiuli monacemebis, bazrebze cnobebis, SemkveTebis qcevisa da ZiriTadi tendenciebis gamoyenebiT

codnis

faswarmoqmnis analizi ZiriTad saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze fasebis gansazRvra

menejmentis

gayidvebTan dakavSirebuli

situaciebis analizi

gayidvebis 5 wliani prognozebis Sedgena

strategiuli

strategiul doneze gayidvebisa da marketingis sistemebi Tvalyurs adevneben bazris koniunqturas, akeTeben misi cvlilebis prognozebs, exmarebian axali saqonlisa da momsaxurebis dagegmasa da SeqmnaSi, axdenen konkurenti sawarmoebis saqmianonis mudmiv monitorings. mmarTvelobiT doneze es sistemebi daxmarebas uweven sareklamo kampaniebis CatarebaSi da axali saqonlis bazarze gatanaSi, aseve exmarebian faswarmoqmnis politikis gansazRvraSi. isini aanalizeben realizaciis maxasiaTeblebs da afaseben ganyidvelebis muSaobis efeqturobas. codnis doneze gayidvebisa da marketingis sistemebi daxmarebas uweven bazris gamokclevasa da marketingul analizSi. operaciul doneze isini xels uwyoben perspeqtiuli SemkveTebis moZebnaSi da maTTan kavSiris damyarebaSi, gayidvebis monitoringis CatarebaSi, SekveTebis damuSavebaSi. es sistemebi agroveben monacemebs saqonlis TviToeul gayidul erTeulze Semdgomi analizisaTvis. sawarmos menejerebi swavloben gayidvebis monacemebs da baris tendenciebs.

saqonlisa da momsaxurebis warmoebis informaciuli sistemebi produqciis warmoebisa da damuSavebis funqcia mdgomareobs kompaniis saqonlisa da momsaxurebis warmoebaSi. aq aseve igulisxmeba produqciis warmoebis dagegmva, misi xarisxis gaumjobeseba da gamoSvebis gafarToeba, mowyobilobebis momsaxureba, warmoebis gegmebis Sesruleba, materialebisa da masalebis mowodebis sistemis awyoba, samuSao Zalis daqiraveba/anazRaurebis sxvadasxvanairi ganrigebis Sedgena. warmoebis informaciuli sistemebis (Manufacturing and production information systems) daniSnulebaa yvela am amocanis gadawyvetaSi daxmareba. qvemoT moyvanilia ramodenime tipiuri warmoebis informaciuli sistema, romlebic daxarisxebulia im organizaciuli doneebis mixedviT, romelzec isini muSaoben:

warmoebis informaciuli sistemebis magaliTebisistema aRwera organizaciuli

done

manqanuri kontroli manqanebsa da mowyobilobebze kontroli

operaciuli

kompiuteruli proeqtireba

axali nakeTobebis proeqtireba kompiuteris saSualebiT

codnis

warmoebis dagegmva gadawyvetilebis miReba imis Taobaze, Tu rodis da sad unda iqnas warmoebuli saqoneli

menejmentis

sawarmoo simZlavreebis

ganlageba

gadawyvetilebis miReba sawarmoo simZlavreebis ganlagebaze

strategiuli

strategiul doneze aseTi sistemebi asruleben sawarmos grZelvadian sawarmooamocanebs, rogoricaa axali qarxnebis ganlagebis dagegmva, axal teqnologiebSi kapitaldabandebebis perspeqtiulobis Sefaseba. mmarTvelobiT doneze warmoebis informaciuli sistemebi axdenen sawarmoo danaxarjebisa da resursebis monitoringsa da analizs. codnis doneze es sistemebi qmnian da xels uwyoben sawarmoo procesebze informaciis gavrcelebas an exmarebian sawrmoo eqspertizis Catarebisas. aseTi sistemebis umetesoba muSaobaSi iyenebs `inventarul~ qvesistemebs, romlebSic inaxeba monacemebi yvela obieqtebze, romlebTanac muSaobs ZiriTadi sistema. magaliTad, garkveuli masalebis ukmarisobis, an zedmetobis, raodenoba. mteli es informacia indeqsirebulia masTan muSaobis moxerxebulobisaTvis. inventaruli master-faili Seicavs monacemebs TviToeul calkeul obieqtze – mis unikalur saidentifikacio kods, aRweras, sawyobSi arsebul raodenobas, SekveTis odenobas, pezervis, odenobas. amis safuZvelze sawarmos SeuZlia daiTvalos SekveTis yvelaze optimaluri zoma, romelic mosaxerxebelia samuSaod da axdens Senaxvasa da mza produqciis transportirebaze danaxarjebis optimizacias. informaciuli sistema regularulad axdens iseTi angariSebis generirebas, rogorebicaa sawyobSi obieqtebis raodenoba, SekveTebis moculobebi, calkeuli produqtebis ukmarisobis SesaZlebloba da sxva. qvemoTaa mocemulia inventaruli qvesistemis magaliTi:

monacemebi SekveTasa da motanaze

monacemebis elementebi maragebis mdgomareobis angariSi inventarul master-failSi TariRi 14.01.2006elementis kodi kodi aRwera gvaqvs SekveTlia aRwera saxeze myofi raodenoba 6361 kvebis bloki 5710 8660SekveTili raodenoba 9313 kondensatori 663 10200axali SekveTis dro 8808 gamfrqvevi 11242 0 interaqtiuri SekiTxvebi

adamianuri resursebis marTvis sistemebiSromiT resursebTan muSaoba moicavs sawarmosaTvis saWiro samuSao Zalis mowvevas, gamoyenebasa da xelSewyobas. adamianuri resursebis marTvis sistemebs aqvT iseTi saSualebebi, rogoricaa potenciuri TanamSromlebis

maragebis kontrolis sistema

mmarTvelobiTi angariSebi

inventaruli master-faili

identifikacia, yvela moqmed TanamSromelze saaRricxvo Canaweris Senaxva da maTi kvalifikaciis amaRlebis programebis Seqmna. strategiuli donis adamianuri resursebis marTvis sistemebi gansazRvraven moTxovnebs, romelebic uyendebaT sawarmos sxvadasxva TanamSromlebs (Cvevebi, ganaTlebis done, Tanamdeboba, staJi da xelfasi), rac Semdeg asaxvas povebs sawarmos grZelvadian biznes-gagmebSi. mmarTvelobiT doneze es sistemebi exmarebian menejerebs daqiravebis analizsa da monitoringSi, TanamSromlis samuSao adgilis gansazRvraSi da Sromis anazRaurebaSi, maT swavlebaSi, Tanamdebobriv gadaadgilebebSi. operaciul doneze es sistemebi Tvalyurs adevneben daqiravebasa da TanamSromlebis ganTavsebas samuSao adgilebze:

adamianuri resursebis marTvis sistemebis magaliTebisistema aRwera organizaciuli

doneswavleba saswavlo kursebis, codnis donisa da

Cvevebis Tvalyuris devnebaoperaciuli

karieruli zrdis Tvalyuris devneba

TanamSromlis karieruli zrdis Sesaxeb Canawerebis Setana

codnis

kompensaciuri analizi xelfasis, sargosa da premiis diapazonisa da ganawilebis Tvalyuris devneba

menejmentis

sakadro dagegmva saWiro samuSao Zalis grZelvadiano dagegmva

strategiuli

qvemoT moyvanilia tipiuri informaciuli sistema sawarmos TanamSromlebze saaRricxvo Canawerebis warmoebisaTvis:

monacemebi TanamSromlebze (ganyofilebebi) saxelfaso uwisi

monacemebis elementebi ganTavisuflebebis angariSi inventarul master-failSi TariRi 14.01.2006TanamSromeli: TariRi saxeli satabelo # ganTavisuf- satabelo nomeri lebis mizezisaxeli 11.12.2005 afaqiZe gia 2943 Statebis Semcir.misamarTi 12.01.2005 Wkadua Tea 1432 pensiaze gasvlaganyofileba 15.05.2006 beraia ia 2124 sakuTari gancx.asaki ojaxuri mdgomareoba interaqtiurisqesi SekiTxvebi xelfasiganaTlebis doneTanamdebobasamuSaoze miRebis TariRiganTavisuflebis TariRiganTavisuflebis mizezi

sistemas SeuZlia mravalgvari angriSis generireba, rogoricaa axali TanamSromlebis sia, SevebulebeSi myofTa sia, klasifikacia samuSaos tipisa da ganaTlebis, Sromis nayofierebis mixedviT.

saaRricxvo Canawerebis sistema

mmarTvelobiTi angariSebi

inventaruli master-faili

Sesabamisi funqciebis Sesasruleblad sawarmoebSi gamoiyeneba aseve safinanso da sabuRaltro informaciuli sistemebi.

leqcia 8 (#10)

safinanso da sabuRaltro informaciuli sistemebisafinanso funqciebi mdgomareobs sawarmos finansuri aqtivebis marTvaSi, rogoricaa naRdi fuli, fasiani qaRaldebi, obligaciebi da sxva investiciebi. marTvis mizania safinanso aqtivebis maqsimaluri momgebianobiT gamoyeneba. aqve Sedis sawarmos kapitalizaciis marTva (aqciebTan, obligaciebTan da sxva fasiani qaRaldebTan muSaobisas axali finansuri SesaZleblobebis moZebna). raTa sworad ganisazRvros romel dargSi SeuZlia sawarmos maqsimaluri mogebis miReba, safinanso sistemas unda hqondes gare wyaroebidan miRebuli sakmarisi informacia. sabuRaltro arealSe Sedis sawarmos safinanso Canawerebis momsaxureba da marTva. esenia fuladi Semosavlebi, gasavlebi da xarjebi, amortizacia da saxelfaso uwyisebi. finansebi da buRalteria upirobodaa dakavSirebuli sxva problemebTanac – sawarmos safinanso aqtivebisa da investiciebis uwyvet monitoringTan. Sesabamisi informaciuli sistemebi saSualebas iZlevian pasuxebi miviRoT Semdeg kiTxvebze: rogor mdgomareobaSia sawarmos finansuri aqtivebi; rogoria fuladi Semosavlebis, gasavlebis da xelfasebis zusti ricxvebi dRevandeli dRisaTvis. qvemoT cxrilSi moyvanilia tipiuri safinanso da sabuRaltro sainformacio sistemebi (Finance and accounting information systems) , romlebic gamoiyeneba msxvil sawarmoebSi:

safinanso da sabuRaltro sainformacio sistemebis magaliTebisistema aRwera organizaciuli

donedebitorebis aRricxva im Tanxebis aRricxva da Tvalyuris

devneba, romlebic sawarmos ekuTvnisoperaciuli

SekveTebis portfelis analizi

SekveTebis portfelis damuSaveba investiciebis WrilSi

codnis

biujetis gaangariSeba moklevadiani biujetis momzadeba menejmentismogebis dagegmva mogebis grZelvadiani dagegmva strategiuli

strategiuli donis sistemebi exmarebian sawarmos im miznebis miRwevaSi, romlebic dasaxulia grZelvadiani investirebisas, da axdenen sawarmos finansuri mdgomareobis xangrZlivvadian prognozirebas. mmarTvelobiT doneze es sistemebi exmarebian menejerebs dainaxon mTliani suraTi da gaakontrolon sawarmos finansuri resursebi. codnis bazebi momxmareblebs aZleven analitikur instrumentebs maqsimaluri mogebis misaRebad finansuri dabandebebisas. operaciul doneze momuSave finansuri sistemebi Tvalyurs adevneben fuladi saxsrebis nakadebis moZraobas yvela finansuri tranzaqciis monitoringis saSualebiT, rogorebicaa zekebi, gadaxdebi momwodeblebisaTvis, fasiani qaRaldebis realizaciiT miRebuli Semosavali da sxva fualdi operaciebi. zemoT Cven ukve moviyvaneT xelfasebis gaangarisebisa da daricxvis sistema, romelic bevr sawarmoSi gamoiyeneba. imis gamo, rom zogierTi biznes-procesebi aris saerTo ramodenime sxvadasxva funqciisaTvis (kros-funqcionaluria), isini erTdroulad gamoiyeneba gasaRebis, marketingis, sawarmoo da sabuRaltro sistemebSi. magaliTad, bevr sawarmoSi SekveTis Sesrulebis procesi moiTxovs gayidvebis ganyofilebis (SekveTis miReba da damuSaveba), buRalteriis (kreditis Semowmeba da angariSis gamowera), sawarmoo da satransporto (SekveTis dakompleqteba da mitana) ganyofilebebis kooperacias. qvemoT suraTze moyvanilia, Tu rogor SeiZleba funqcionirebdes aseTi kros-funqcionaluri procesi:

informaciuli sistemebi uzrunvelyofen rogorc Cveulebriv (calkeuli biznes-funqciebSi Semaval biznes-procesebs), ise kros-funqcionalur biznes-procesebs.

leqcia 9 (#11) 2.3 funqciebisa da biznes-procesebis integracia: korporatiuli sistemebi da interkorporaciuli qselebi Tavisi saqmianobis koordinirebis TvalsazrisiT sawarmoebisaTvis didi sargebloba moaqvs informaciuli sistemebis gaerTianebas calkeuli korporaciis farglebSi an mTeli dargis masStabiTac ki.

biznes-procesebi da informaciuli sistemebierTis mxriv, biznes-procesebi warmoadgenen konkretul teqnologiur procesebs, romlebic iyeneben nedleuls, materialebs da sawarmos informaciul aqtivebs. meores mxriv, biznes-procesebi aris xerxebi, romelTa saSualebiTac sawarmo axdens mTeli Tavisi saqmianobis, informaciuli nakadebis da sawarmos mTavari menejerebis mier gamoyenebuli marTvis meTodebis koordinacias. qvemoT moyvanilia zogierTi tipiuri biznes-procesebi TviToeuli funqcionaluri arisaTvis:

biznes-procesebis magaliTebifunqcionaluri are biznes-procesebi

warmoeba saqonlis warmoebaxarisxis Semowmeba

gamoyenebuli materialebis CamonaTvalis Seqmna gayidvebi da marketingi SemkveTebis identifikacia

SemkveTebs Soris saqonelze cnobebis gavrcelebasaqonlis gayidva

buRalteria da finansebi gadaxdebi kreditorebisaTvisfinansuri tranzaqciebis Seqmna

naRdi fulis arricxvis marTvasakadro aRricxva TanamSromlebis samuSaoze miReba

TanamSromlebis Sromis nayofierebis SefasebaSemosavlebis gegmaSi TanamSromlebis Casma

sabuRaltro aRricxva

angariS- faqturis

generacia

SekveTis generireba

SekveTis gagzavna

warmoeba kreditis Semowmeba

kreditis mowoneba

saqonlis damzadeba

saqonlis miwodeba

gayidvebi

informaciul sistemebs SeuZliaT daxmareba gauwion sawarmoebs biznes-procesebis calkeuli elementebis efeqturobis gazrdaSi maTi gadaxedvisa da racionalizaciis gziT. marTalia, biznes-procesebis gadakeTeba moiTxovs detalur analizsa da dagegmvas, rata amas ukuefeqti ar moyves. amitom erT-erTi ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba, romelsac sawarmos xelmZRvaneloba iRebs, aris ara is, Tu rogor moxdes biznes-procesebis modernizacia, aramed im procesebis SerCeva, romlebas es esaWiroebad.

klientebTan urTierTobebisa da miwodebebis mimdevrobebis marTvaeleqtroneuli komercia, globalizacia, kiberkorporaciebis gaCena da ganviTareba iwvevs sawarmoebis xelmZRvanelobis mxridan klientebTan urTierTobebsa da miwodebebis mimdevrobebis marTvasTan dakavSirebuli procesebis strategiuli gadaxedvis aucileblobas. dResdReobiT klients SeuZlia internetidan miiRos informacia konkurentebis produqciisa da fasebis Sesaxeb. raTa gadarCnen, sawarmoebma unda eZebon axali gzebi produqciis xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad da TviTRirebulebis Sesamcireblad. Tvlian, rom sakiTxis gadawyveta mdgomareobs SemkveTebTan muSaobaSi da gasaRebisa da miwodebebis mimdevrobis marTvis koreqtuli sistemebis SeqmnaSi. Tanamedrove biznesmenebi klientebs ixilaven ara rogorc Semosavlebis ubralo wyaros, aramed rogorc grZelvadiani dafinansebis obieqtebs, risTvisac gamoiyeneba klientebTan urTierTobebis sistema, romelic mimarTulia sawrmosa da klientebs Soris urTierTobebis yvela aspeqtis marTvisaTvis. adre sawarmos yvela biznes-procesebi dacalkevebuli iyo da ar iyenebdnen momxmareblebze saerTo monacemebs. axali sistema axdens klientebTan dakavSirebuli yvela biznes-procesebis integracias da maTze yvela informaciis koncentracias sxvadasxva sakomunikacio arxebidan. aseTi struqtura mocemulia suraTze:

klientebTan urTierTobebis sistema (Customer rejationship management system) iyenebs Tanamedrove informaciul teqnologiebs klientebis yovelmxrivi SefasebisaTvis. sistemidan miRebuli informacia gamoiyeneba axali klientebis mosazidad, servisis xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad, Semkvetebis survilebis gasaumjobeseblad, maTi SenarCunebisaTvis da sxva.

marketingi sareklamo kampaniasTan

dakavSirebuli monacemebi Semadgenloba monacemTa analizi

SemkveTebis momsaxureba momsaxurebis centris monacemebi internetiT momsaxurebis monacemebi kurierebiT momsaxurebis monacemebi ukabelo qselebidan miRebuli monacemebi

erTiani Sexeduleba klientebzeSemkveTebTan Setyobinebebis gagzavnaSekvetebis Sesrulebis gamWoli kontroliklienTebTan grZelvadiani urTierTobebisaukeTeso klientebis identifikacia

gayidvebi gayidvebi telefoniT gayidvebi internetiT sacalo gayidvebi gayidvebi kurierebis saSualebiT

raTa klientTan saqoneli maqsimalurad swrafad da minimaluri danaxarjebiT miewodos, sawarmoebi cdiloben moaxdinon im biznes-procesebis racionalizacia, romlebic exebian miwodebisa da momaragebis sakiTxebs. miwodebebis mimdevrobebis marTva mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli nedleulis SesyidvasTan, warmoebasTan da saqonlis gadazidvebTan. masSi monawileoben momwodeblis, distributorisa da SemkveTis logistikis sistemebi, rogorc erTiani procesis monawileebi, rac drois, Sromisa da fulis ekonomiis saSualebas iZleva. miwodebis mimdevroba aris teqnologiuri qseli, romelic nedleulis mowodebas, mis damuSavebasa da saboloo produqtis SemkveTTan mitanas gulisxmobs. miwodebebis marTvis informaciuli sistema ( Supply chain management system) saSualebas iZleva es procesebi imarTos ufro efeqturad momaragebis, warmoebis, inventarizaciis da momsaxurebisa da saqonlis klientTan mitanis procesebis koordinaciasa da kontrolSi daxmarebis gziT. es informaciuli systema saSualebas iZleva moxdes moTxovnis prognozirebis, warmoebis, materialebis xarjvis, SekveTebis damuSavebis, SekveTebis Sesrulebis, satransporto samsaxurebis, angariSebisa da gadaxdebis sistemebis integracia raTa saqoneli klientTan drois minimaluri danakargebiT da yvelaze mcire fasiT moxdes. qvemoT cxrilSi mocemulia upiratesobebis CamonaTvali, romelsac sawarmo iRebs aseTi sistemis danergviT:

rogor aadvileben informaciuli sistemebi miwodebebis mimdevrobebis marTvas

informaciul sistemebs SeuZliaT miwodebebis mimdevrobis monawileTa amocanebis gaadvileba

gadawyvetilebis miReba imaze, rodis da ra iwarmoos, Seinaxos, gadaadgildesSekveTebis swrafi gadacemaSekveTis mdgomareobis Tvalyuris devnebaxelmisawvdomobis Semowmeba da maragebis donis Tvalyuris devnebamiwodebebis Tvalyuris devnebawarmoebis dagegmva bazris realuri moTxovnebis safuZvelzesaqonlis dizainSi cvlilebebis swrafi danergvasaqonlis specifikaciebis uzrunvelyofadefeqtebisa da saqonlis ukan dabrunebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gavrceleba

miwodebebis mimdevrobebis marTvis sistemebi SeiZleba Seiqmnas korporaciuli da gare qselebis an specialuri programuli uzrunvelyofis gamoyenebiT.

korporatiuli informaciuli sistemebidid sawarmos, rogorc wesi, gaaCnia sxvadasxva saxis mravali sainformacio sistema, romlebic asruleben yvelanair funqciebs da funqcionireben sxvadasxva organizaciul doneze, uzrunvelyofen ra calkeul biznes-procesebs. am sistemebis didi nawili erTmaneTTan araa dakavSirebuli, amitom menejments uWirs Seagrovos yvela monacemi sawarmos mdgomarebis sruli suraTis Sesaqmnelad. informaciis erTiani nakadis dayofa mraval aseT sistemad da monacemTa bazad uaryofiTad moqmedebs sawarmos saqmianobaze. qvemoT suraTze mocemulia tipiuri situacia sawrmoebSi, romlebsac aqvT ramodenime informaciuli sistema:

biznes-funqciebi

momwod- momxma-eblebi reblebi

momwod- biznes- biznes- biznes- biznes- biznes- momxma-eblebi procesebi procesebi procesebi procesebi procesebi reblebi

sawarmos

sazRvari

sawarmos

sazRvari

warmo- eba

buRal- teria

finan- sebi

marketin- gi da gayidvebi

sakadroresur- sebi

momwod- momxma-eblebi reblebi

amitom mravali sawarmo qmnis informaciul korporatiul sistemebs (Enterprise sestems), sxvanairad korporatiuli resursebis dagegmvis sistemebs, romlebic uzrunvelyofen kompaniis SigniT yvela procesebis integracias. amasTan mTeli informacia xelmisawvdomia kompaniis TanamSromlebisaTvis da aRar aris biznesis sxvadasxva kompiuterul sistemebs Soris ZviradRirebuli kavSirebis aycilebloba. calkeuli biznes-procesebi, dakavSirebuli gasaRebasTan, warmoebasTan, finansebTan da logistikasTan, SeiZleba gaerTianebuli iqnas ramodenime zogad proceduraSi, romlebic gamoiyeneba yvela areSi da yvela organizaciul doneze. suraTze qvemoT naCvenebia rogor muSaoben aseTi sistemebi.

korporatiuli sistema

mwarmo- momxma- eblebi reblebi

korporatiuli resursebis dagegmvis sistema monacemebs iRebs yvela ZiriTadi biznes-procesidan, inaxavs maT arqivSi monacemTa bazis saxiT, sadac isini SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos nebismier areSi muSaobisas. menejerebs Wirdebad zusti da drouli informacia, raTa moaxdinon yvel operaciis koordinacia dRis ganmavlobaSi da iyvnen sawarmos saqmeebis mdgomareobis kursSi. korporaciis Stab-binas, romelic SeiZleba daSorebiT mdebareobdes qarxnebidan da savaWro warmomadgenlobebidan, yovelTvis aqvs axali informacia, romelic exeba gasaRebas, warmoebas, mimdinare SekveTebsa da korporaciis saqmianobis sxva aspeqtebs.

korporatiuli sistemebis mier uzrunvelyofili biznes-procesebisawarmoo procesebi, maragebis marTvis, SeZenis,mowodebis, warmoebis dagegmvis, materialebis saWiroebis dagegmvis, mowyobilobebis Senaxvis uzrunvelyofis CaTvliTsabuRalrto da safinanso procesebi, debitorebisa da kreditorebis aRricxvis, arsebuli saxsrebisa da prognozebis, saqoneli/xarjebis aRricxvis, mTavari wignisada safinanso angariSebis CaTvliTgayidvebisa da marketingis procesebi, SekveTebis damuSavebis, faswarmoqmnis, miwodebebis, angariSebis gamoweris, gayidvebis dagegmvisa da marTvis CaTvliT

sawarmoosistemebi

sabuR-altro siste- mebi

safin-anasosiste- mebi

gayidvebisda marke-tingis or-ganizaciissistemebi

sabuR-altrosiste- mebi

sawarmos

sazRvari

warmoeba buRalteria sawarmos

sazRvari

biznes-procesi biznes-procesi biznes-procesi biznes-procesi yvela organizaciul doneze

sakadro resursebi

finansebi gayidvebi da marketingi

kadrebis marTvis procesebi, personalis administrirebis, samuSao drois aRricxvis, xelfasebis, personalis dagegmvis, Semosavlebis aRricxvis, samuSaos dawyebis msurvelTa aRricxvis, mivlinebebze angariSebis CaTvliT

korporatiuli informaciuli sistemebis upiratesobebi da naklovanebebiinformaciuli korporatiuli sistemebi saSualebas iZlevian yvela ZiriTadi biznes-procesi integrirebuli iqnas erT kompiuterul gamoyenebaSi, marTalia am dros Tavs iCens mravali siZnele.korporatiuli informaciuli sistemebis gamoyenebis upiratesobebikorporatiuli sistemebis gamoyeneba saSualebas iZleva miRweul iqnas seriozuli gaumjobesebebi biznesis oTx ZiriTad `ganzomilebaSi~: sawarmos struqtura, marTvis procesi, teqnologiuri platforma da muSaobis efeqturoba. sawarmos struqtura. sawarmoebma SeiZleba gamoiyenon korporatiuli informaciuli sistemebi arsebuli organizaciuli struqturebis uzrunvelayofad an axali, ufro efeqturi, struqturebis Sesaqmnelad. magaliTad, maT SeiZleba gamoiyenon informaciuli sistemebi yvela biznes-procesebis integraciisaTvis misi ganyofilebebisa da filialebis geografiuli ganlagebisa da maT mier Sesrulebuli funqciebis miuxedavad. amasTan miRweuli iqneba Ziritadi procesebisa da informaciis gacvlis meTodebis garkveuli unifikacia. sxvadasxva ganyofilebebis TanamSromlebi erTnair amocanebs Seasruleben msgavsi meTodebiT miuxedavad maTi daSorebuli ganlagebisa, maT aseve eqnebaT saerto informacia.

biznes-procesebis marTva codnis bazebis daxmarebiT. mravali mniSvnelovani operaciis avtomatizaciasTan erTad sainformacio sistemebs SeuZliaT mniSvnelovnad gaaumjobeson menejerebis muSaobis xarisxi da Seumsubuqon maT gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesi (maT Soris arastandartul situaciebSi). informacia, romelic exeba yvela biznes-procesebs, inaxeba sistemaSi da xelmisawvdomia nebismier momentSi. menejerebs aRar uxdebaT mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebis miReba arasruli monacemebis safuZvelze (romelic miiReba mxolod sakuTari ganyofilebidan)

teqnologia: erTiani platforma. sawarmoo informaciuli sistemebi gulisxmoben sawarmos mier erTiani unificirebuli teqnologiuri platformisa da erTnairi tipis mowyobilobebis gamoyenebas. yvela ZiriTad biznes-procesidan miRebuli monacemebi inaxeba saerTo arqivSi mtel sawarmoSi miRebuli erTiani standartuli formatis gamoyenebiT.

biznesi: efeqturi operaciebi da procesebi, romlebic kontrolirdeba klientebis mier. sawarmoo informaciuli sistemebi SeiZleba iyos imstruqturis safuZveli, romelSic gaiTvaliswineba SemkveTis yvela survili da bazris tendenciebi. calkeuli biznes-procesebis integraciis saSualebiT (rogorebicaa gasaReba, warmoeba, finansebi da logistika) sawarmos SeuZlia efeqturi reagireba moaxdinos klientis SekveTaze, dagegmos axali produqtebis gamoSveba da Seqmnas iafi da efeqturi miwodebis sistema. Cndeba SesaZlebloba warmoebuli iqnas mxolod is saqoneli, romelzec arsebobs moTxovna, amasTan maSinve da saWiro raodenobiT. saqonlis fasisa da xarisxis Sesaxeb monacemebis dammuSavebeli sainformacio sistemebis gamoyenebiT sawarmoebs SeuZliaT gazardon moTxovna sakuTar produqciasa da momsaxurebaze.

korporatiul informaciul sistemebTan muSaobis siZneleebi

marTalia sainformacio sistemebs SeuZliaT sawarmos saqmianobis koordinaciis gaumjobeseba, misi muSaobis efeqturobis gazrda da mniSvnelovani

gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi daxmareba, maTi daproeqteba da danergva xSirad Zalian rTuli procesia. amas ara marto Wirdeba mniSvnelovani investiciebi axal teqnologiebSi, aramed fundamentaluri cvlilebebic bizne-operaciebis umetesobaSi. kompaniebs uxdebad biznesis warmoebis meTodebis kardinaluri gadaxedva, raTa miRweuli iyos informaciis gavrceleba winaaRmdegobebid gareSe. amgvarad, axali informaciuli sistemebis gamoyeneba sawarmos winaSe ayenebs rTul amocanebs: xangrZlivi da ZviradRirebuli danergvis procesi, cvlilebebis Setana tradiciul biznes-procesebSi da saqmis warmoebis axali meTodebis Rirsebebisa da naklovanebebis analizi.

danergvis siZneleebi. korporatiuli resursebis dagegmvis sistemis danergva iwvevs seriozul cvlilebebs nebismieri kompaniis saqmianobaSi. aseve, sawarmos organizaciuli struqturac ar rCeba ucvleli. aseti sistemebis damnergavi sawarmoebi mzad unda iyvnen monacemebis standartizaciisaTvis, aTasobiT TanamSromlis gadamzadebisaTvis ZiriTadi biznes-procesebis gadawyobisaTvis, amasTan mimdinare muSaobasTan paralelurad. Sedomebma am procesSi SeiZleba ganpirobos sasurveli Sedegebis miuRebloba.

maRali winaswari danaxarjebi da momavali upiratesobebi. sawarmoo sainformacio sistemebis danergvis Rirebuleba maRalia, martalia misi gaTvla SeiZleba winaswar garkveuli sizustiT. amasTan aseTi sistemebis gamoyenebis upiratesobebi yoveltvis cxadi ar aris, miTumetes sanam es sistema srulad ar amuSavdeba.

moqnilobis arqona. informaciuli sistemebis programuli uzrunvelyofa rogorc wesi, sakmaod rTulia, da masTan muSaobis Seswavla ioli ar aris, gansakuTrebiT sawarmoebSi kvalificiuri muSaxelis naklebobis dros. es programebi mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli korporatiul biznes-procesebTan. axali Taobis informaciul sitemebs aqvT myari struqtura Zveli informaciuli sistemebisagan gansxvavebiT, sadac detalebis gadakeTeba SeiZleboda saWiroebisda mixedviT. amitom winaswar analizsa da gaTvlebs unda mieqces didi yuradReba.

strategiuli potencialis realizacia. Tu informaciuli sistema ar iqneba Tavsebadi kompaniis biznesis warmoebis ZiriTad principebTan, maSin miRwevadi ar iqneba dasaxuli strategiuli miznebi da am sistemis danergvidan mosalodneli upiratesobebi. sawarmoebis informaciuli sistemebi gulisxmoben marTvisa da samsaxurebis centralizacias, romlebic pasuxismgeblebi arian gadawyvetilebebis miRebaze, rac SeiZleba mosaxerxebeli ar iyos zogierTi firmisaTvis. arseboben sawarmoebi, romlebasac ar esaWiroebad informaciuli sistemebis maRali donis integracia.

leqcia 10 (#12) 3.3 menejerebi, gadawyvetilebebis miReba da informaciuli sistemebi

qvemoT ganvixilavT sawarmoebis, menejmentis, informaciuli sistemebisa da biznes-strategiebis urTierTkavSirs. moyvanili iqneba sawarmoebis im maxasiaTeblebis aRwera, romelTa codna aucilebelia informaciuli sistemebis daproeqtebis, agebis da eqsploataciis procesSi. ganvixilavT menejerisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesis rols menejmentSi, moxdeba im areebis identifikacia, romlebSic informaciuli sistemebis gamoyeneba gaaumjobesebs marTvis efeqturobas. raTa gavarkvioT, Tu ra sargeblobis motana SeuZliaT informaciul sistemebs menejerebisaTvis, pirvel rigSi saWiroa zustad gairkves, raSi mdgomareobs menejerebis roli da ra informacia sWirdebaT maT gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad da sxva Tavisi funqciebis Sesasruleblad. aseve saWiroa imis, codna, Tu rogor xdeba

gadawyvetilebebis miReba da rogor SeiZleba informaciulma sistemebma xeli Seuwyon am process.

menejerebis roli sawarmoSisawarmoSi menejerebi asruleben gadamwyvet rols. maT uflebamosilebas miekuTvneba gadawyvetilebebis miReba, angariSebis Sedgena da sxvadasxva Sexvedrebis mowyoba. raTa ukeTesad gaverkveT menejerebis mier Sesrulebad funqciebSi, ganvixiloT maTi saqmianobis klasikuri da Tanamedrove modelebi.menejmentis klasikuri ganmartebebimenejmentis klasikuri modeli (Classical model of management), romelic ar Secvlila bolo 70 wlis ganmavlobaSi da pirvelad aRwerili iqna 1920-ian wlebSi, aRwers menejeris xuT klasikur funqcias: dagegmva, organizacia, koordinacia, gadawyvetilebebis miReba da kontroli. am sqemas dResac ar daukargavs popularoba. marTalia, amasTan erTad Cven unda vicodeT rogor gegmaven menejerebi raimes, rogor iReben gadawyvetilebebs da akontroleben sxva TanamSromlebis muSaobas. gavixiloT maTi saqmianoba ufro dawvrilebiT.

qceviTi modelebi

Tanamedrove mecnierebi (bihevioristebi) qceviTi modelebis (Behavioral models) Seswavlis Semdeg mividnen daskvnamde, rom menejeris qceva iSviaTad seesabameba klasikur mmarTvelobiT modelebs. qceviTi modelebi efuZnebian daSvebas, rom menejeris realuri saqmianoba gacilebiT ufro naklebad sistematizirebulia, ufro araformaluria, ufro aqtiuria da naklebad organizebulia, vidre aRwerilia klasikur saxelmZRvaneloebSi. damkvirveblebma aRmoaCines, rom menejerebis qcevas aqvs xuTi atributi, romlebic ar `jdeba~ klasikur modelSi: pirveli, menejerebi mraval saqmes akeTeben erTdroulad da maT Soris Sesvenebebis gareSe – gamokvlevebiT menejerebi 600 saqmeze mets akeTeben yoveldRiurad; meore, mmarTvelis saqmianoba fragmentirebulia, mis mier Sesrulebuli operaciebis didi raodenoba grZeldeba 9 wuTze naklebs., saqmeebis mxolod 10% ikavebs erT saaTsa da mets; mesame, menejeris drois nawili midis fiqrze da laparakze – amiT isini iReben garkveul axal informacias (nabeWdi monacemebi ukve araaqtualuri xdeba); meoTxe, isini upiratesobas aniWeben komunikaciis zepir saSualebas weriT saSualebasTan SedarebiT, radgan pirveli ufro moqnilia, naklebi Zalisxmeva unda da ufro swrafad moaqvt Sedegebi; mexuTe, menejerebi did yuradrebas uTmoben kontraqtebis mTel sistemasTan muSaobas, iyeneben ra maT rogorc Tavisebur `informaciul sistemas~. dakvirvebebidan gamomdinare, koteris mtkicebiT efeqtur menejers unda axasiaTebdes sami ZiriTadi komponenti:

generaluri menejerebi samuSao drois mniSvnelovan nawils xarjaven dRis personaluri ganrigis Sedgenaze da mokle da grZelvadian miznobriv dagegmvaze;

yvelaze mniSvnelovani momenti mdgomareobs imaSi, rom efeqturi menejerebi udides yuradRebas uTmoben sakuTari `pirovnebaTaSorisi qselis~ Seqmnas, romelic Sedgeba yvela donis TanamSromlebisagan – mtvirTavebidan sawyobSi martvis umaRlesi donis kolegebamde;

koterma daadgina, rom menejerebi aseT qsels iyeneben Tavisi samuSao ganrigis Sesasruleblad da sakuTari miznebis misaRwevad.

menejeris yoveldRiuri aqtiurobis analiziT mincbergma aRmoaCina, rom SeiZleba gamoiyos aTi ZiriTadi administraciuli roli. administraciuli roli (Managerial roles) – es aris samuSaoebis standartuli saxeebi, romelic menejerma unda Seasrulos sawarmoSi. mincbergma aseve dayo es rolebi sam ZiriTad kategoriad: pirovnebaTaSorisi, informaciuli da gadawyvetilebebis miRebasTan dakavSirebuli.

pirovnebaTaSorisi rolebi (interpersonal roles). aseT SemTxvevebSi menejerebi gamodian Tavisi sawarmoebis oficialuri xelmZRvanelebis rolSi, warmoadgenen ra mas gare samyaroSi da asruleben ra iset simbolur movaleobebs, rogoricaa magaliTad warCinebuli TanamSromlis dajildoeba. menejerebi gamodian liderebis rolSi, xelmZRvaneloben ra TanamSromlebs, warmarTaven da uzrunvelyofen maT. aseve isini warmoadgnen damakavSirebel rgols sawarmos sxvadasxva doneebs Soris da akavSireben erTmaneTTan sxva menejerebs, romlebic erT doneze imyofebian. informaciuli rolebi (Infromational roles). menejerebi arian sawarmos `nervuli centrebi~, iReben da avrceleben ra yvelaze zust da axal informacias. amasTan erTad isini arian axali informaciis Seqmnis ZiriTadi damwyebebi. gadawyvetilbebis miRebasTan dakavSirebuli rolebi (Decisional roles). menejerebi iReben gadawyvetilebebs. isini moqmedeben rogorc saqmosnebi axali iniciativebis cxovrebaSi gatarebisas, ebrZvian sawarmoSi warmoSobil uwesrigobebs, anawileben resursebs, agvareben konfliqtebs jgufebs Soris sawarmoSi. qvemoT moyvanili cxrili, romelic damyarebulia mincbergis klasifikaciaze, gviCvenebs informaciuli sistemebi romel SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba iyvnen sasargeblo menejerebisaTvis da romlebSi ara. am cxrilidan Cans, rom informaciuli sistemebis gamoyenebas ara aqvs azri marTvis zogierT sferoSi. aseT areebSi gamosadegi sistemebis Seqmna momavlis saqmea.

administraciuli rolebi da informaciuli sistemebis gavlenaroli qcevis tipi uzrunvelmyofi sistema

pirovnebaTaSorisi roli oficialuri piri lideri damakavSirebeli rgoli

-pirovnebaTaSoroso

-

araara

eleqtronuli komunikaciebis sistemebi

informaciuli roli `nervuli~ centri

informaciis Seqmnis damwyebi

oratori

-

informaciis damuSaveba

-

mmarTveli informaciulisistemebi,

sakomunikacio sistemebisafosto, saofise sistemebisaofise da specializire-buli

sistemebi, samuSao sadgurebi

gadawyvetilebebis miRebasTandakavSirebuli roli saqmosani uwesrigobebis aRmomfxvreli resursebis gamanawilebeli

Suamavali

-gadawyvetilebebis

miReba

-

araara

gadawyvetilebebis miRebis xelSemwyobi

sistemebiara

menjeri da gadawyvetilebebis miReba

gadawyvetilebebis miReba xSirad aris yvelaze rTuli samuSao, romlis Sesrulebac uxdebad menejerebs. informaciuli sistemebi exmarebian maT komunikaciisa da informaciis gavrcelebis sakiTxebSi. magram gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi sistemebs SeuZliaT mxolod xeli Seuwyon menejerebs.

gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesi

gadawyvetilebebis miRebis klasifikacia SeiZleba saorganizacio donis mixedviT: strategiuli, mmarTvelobiTi, informaciuli da operaciuli. strategiuli gadawyvetilebebis miReba (Strategic decision making) moicavs grZelvadiani miznebis gansazRvras, sawarmos resursebisa da politikis dagegmvas. gadawyvetilebebis miReba menejerebis mier kompaniis kontrolis (Mangement control) procesSi mdgomareobs sawarmos calkeuli struqturuli danayofebis mier resursebisa da mwarmoeblurobis gamoyenebis efeqturobis SefasebSi. operatiuli kontroli (Operational control) gulisxmobs im konkretuli davalebebis Sesrulebaze gadawyvetilebis miRebas, romlebic Camoyalibebulia saSualo da maRali donis menejerebis mier, da maTi Sesrulebis kriteriumebis gansazRvras, aseve resursebis ganawilebas. gadawyvetilebebis miReba informaciul doneze (codnis doneze) (Knowledge-level decision making) aris axali ideebis Sefaseba, romlebis exebian saqonelsa da momsaxurebas, axal codnasa da sawarmos SigniT informaciis gavrcelebis xerxebs. TviToeul CamoTvlil doneze gadawyvetilebebs yofen struqturirebul (Structured decisions) da arastruqturirebul (Unstructured decisions) gadawyvetilebebad. arastruqturirebuli gadawyvetilebebi moiTxoven problemis sworad gansazRvrasa da misi gadawyvetis xarisxis Sefasefis xerxebis gansazRvras. TviToeuli aseTi gadawyvetileba arastandartulia, amitom ar arsebobs maTi gadawyvetis sayovelTad miRebuli meTodebi da procedurebi. struqturirebuli gadawyvetilebebi, piriqiT, miiReba xSirad da arian yoveldRiuri, ris gamoc arseboben garkveuli meTodikebi. zogierTi gadawyvetilebebi arian sustad struqturirebuli. gadawyvetilebebis miRebisadmi am ori midgomis kombinaciiT miiReba Semdegnairi bade:

gadawyvetilebis tipi saorganizacio done saorganizacio codnis done mmarTvelobiTi strategiuli

struqturirebuli debitoruli warmoebis angariSebi danaxarjebis eleqtronuli gadaWarbeba kalendaruli dagegmva

biujetis formirebisaTvisnaxevrad- momzadebastruqturirebuli sawarmoo somZlavreebis adgilsamyofeli proeqtis kalendaruli dagegmva

arastruqturirebuli

saqonlis axali saqoneli daproeqteba axali bazrebi

tds – tranzaqciebis damuSavebis sistemass – saofise sistemebimis – mmarTvelobiTi informaciuli sistemebicms – codnasTan muSaobis sisitemebigmxs – gadawyvetilebebis miRebis xelSemwyobi sistemebisgmxs – strategiuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebis xelSemwyobi sistemebi

saerTod, operatiuli kontroliT dakavebul TanamSromlebs saqme aqvT struqturirebul problemebTan. piriqiT, dagegmviT dakavebuli TanamSromlebi

tds

ss

mis

gmxs

cms sgm

xs

wyveten problemebs, romlebsac mkafio struqtura ara aqvT. TviToeul dones Wirdeba rogorc struqturirebuli, ise arastruqturirebuli gadawyvetilebebi.

gadawyvetilebis miReba: procesis etapebigadawyvetilebis miReba moicavs mraval sxvadasxva moqmedebas. doqtorma saimonma aRwera am procesis oTxi ZiriTadi etapi: monacemebis Segroveba (dazverva), proeqtireba (damuSaveba), amorCeva da danergva.monacemebis Segroveba (dazverva) (Intelligence) Sedgeba im problemis gansazRvrisa da zusti formulirebisagan, romelic Seeqmna sawarmos – rodis da ratom Seiqmna problema, raSi mdgomareobs is rogor moqmedebs is sawarmos saqmianobaze. mmarTvelobiT informaciul sistemebs SeuZliaT daxmareba am etapze, miTumetes Tu maT gaaCniaT gafarToebuli angarisebis Sedgenis SesaZlebloba.damuSavebis (Design) etapze iqmneba problemis gadawyvetis sxvasxvagvari meTodikebi. am saqmeSi mniSvnelovani daxmareba SeuZliaT gadawyvetilebebis miRebis xelsemwyob sistemebs, romlebSic Cadebulia samuSao situaciebis modelirebis meTodikebi.amorCeva (Choice) moicavs ramodenime alternatividan optimaluris amorcevas. amisaTvis SeiZleba saWiro iyos ufro mZlavri gadawyvetilebebis miRebis xelSemwyobi sistema, romelsac SeuZlia monacemebis didi moculobebis damuSaveba da rTuli modelebis gaTvla, amasTan unda gaaCndes aseve analitikuri funqciebi. danergvis (Implementation) etapze menejerebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon angariSgebis sistema, romelic maT miawvdis informacias Sesrulebis procesze. SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas sxvadasxva informaciuli sistemebi – didi mmarTvelobiTi sistemebidan dawyebuli mcire programebamde, romlebic axdenen proeqtebis dagegmvas personalur kompiuterze. zogadad, gadawyvetilebis miRebis etapebi CamoTvlili mimdevrobiT SeiZleba ar mosdevdes erTmaneTs. amasTan procesis yvela stadiaze SeiZleba saWiro iyos dasawyisSi an wina etapze dabruneba:

arsebobs Tu ara problema?

rogoria alternativebi?

rogoria amorCevis variantebi?

aria Tu ara arCevani warmatebuli?

problemis gadawyvetis ramodenime varianti SeiZleba swrafad iqnas SemuSavebuli, magram Zneli gasarkvevia, ramdenad srulad akmayofilebs is dasaxul moTxovnebs. uares variantSi, Tu amorCeuli gadawyvetileba ar musaobs, saWiro iqneba gadawyvetis damuSavebis stadiaze dabruneba. gadawyvetilebebis miRebis individualuri modelebi

proeqtis Seqmna

amorCeva

realizacia

informacia

arsebobs mravali modeli gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesis aRsawerad. am modelebidan zogierTi asaxavs erTi adamianis mier gadawyvetilebis miRebas, danarCenebi asaxaven jgufur procesebs. individualuri gadawyvetilebis miRebis racionaluri modeli (Rational model) efuZneba imas, rom moqmedebebi adamianis mier xorcieldeba mimdevrobiT, racionalurad da efuZneba winaswar gaTvlebs. am modelis Tanaxmad, individuumi gansazRvravs miznebs, afasebs yvela SesaZlo moqmedebas maTi Sedegebis mixedviT da arCevs yvelaze xelsayrel variants (rodesac Sedegi Seesabameba dasaxul amocanas). am modelis kritikosebi aRniSnaven, rom realurad adamianebs ar SeuZliaT gansazRvron problemis gadawyvetis yvela alternatiuli gza da ar SeuZliaT Seafason yvela SesaZlo gadawyvetilebis Sedegebi. bevri gadawyvetileba imdenad rTulia, rom swori gadawyvetilebis miReba praqtikulad SeuZlebelia. Tanamedrove fsiqologiam Rrmad Seiswavla racionaluri modeli da aRmoaCina, rom adamianebi amorCevisas iyeneben faseulobebis sxvadasxva sistemebs da da sxvadasxvanairad axdenen miRebuli informaciis interpretacias. kognitiuri stili (Cognitive style) informaciis Segrovebisas, alternativebis amorCevisas da Sedegebis Sefasebisas emyareba pirad codnasa da gamocdilebas. mak-kenim da kinma aRweres gadawyvetilebebis mirebis ori kognitiuri stili: sistemuri da intuitiuri. gadawyvetilebis miRebisadmi sistemuri midgoma (Systematic decision makers) mdgomareobs problemis iseT struqturirebaSi, rom SesaZlebeli iyos gadawyvetis standartuli meTodebis gamoyeneba. gadawyvetilebebis intuitiuri miReba (Intuitive decision makers) gulisxmobs problemis gadawyvetis ramodenime xerxis gamoyenebas, mimdevrobiTi gadarCevis meTodiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi informaciis Segroveba da Sefaseba xdeba sakmaod qaoturad, xolo problemis gadawyvetis stili winaswar ar amoirCeva.

gadawyvetilebebis miRebis organizaciuli modelebi

gadawyvetilebebis miReba aris procesi, romelSic xSirad monawileoben mTeli koleqtivebi da organizaciebi. gadawyvetilebebis miRebis organizaciuli modelebi Organizational models of decision making) iTvaliswineben sawarmos struqturul da `politikur~ Taviseburebebs. ganvixiloT am tipis modelebi ufro dawvrilebiT.biurokratiuli modeli (Bureaucratic models of decision making). aseTi modelebis Tanaxmad, sawarmos ZiriTadi mizania misi arseboba. kidevv erTi mizania sxvadasxvagvari moulodnelobebisa da ganuzRvrelobis Tavidan acileba. aseT SemTxvevebSi siaxleebis procenti mcirea, raTa maTma didma ricxvma ar gamoiwvios arastabiluroba. aseTi modelebi ar axdenen mTeli sawarmos mier racionalur safuZvelze miRebuli amorCevisa da gadawyvetis procesebis stimulacias. biurokratiuli modelis Tanaxmad, sawarmos mTeli saqmianoba aris masSi miRebuli standartuli moqmedebebisa da standartuli operaciuli procedurebis Sedegi. sawarmoebi iSviaTad cvlian Tavis standartul procedurebs, radgan es ukavSiredeba personalis Secvlas da kompania dgeba riskis qveS. umaRlesi xelmZRvaneloba iyenebs iseTive meTodebs, romlebsac iyenebdnen 20 da 30 wlis win.organizaciuli amorCevis politikuri modelebi. Zalaufleba nawildeba sawarmos SigniT. yvelaze dabali Tanamdebobis TanamSromlebic ki floben mis nawils. gadawyvetilebis miRebis politikuri modelebi (Political models of decision making) damyarebuli imaze, rom TviToeuli miRebuli gadawyvetileba aris ganyofilebebis ufrosebs Soris politikuri SeTanxmebebis jamis Sedegi. sawarmos ara aqvs `gadawyvetilebebis~ sawyisi nakrebi, romlebic Seesabamebian garkveul problemebs. gadawyvetileba ZiriTadad aris mxareebs Soris kompromisis Sedegi, sawarmos politikac aseve iqmneba.`nagvis yuTis~ modeli (`Garbage can` model). gadawyvetilebis miRebis ufro Tanamedrove Teoria aseTi dasaxelebiT emyareba nebismieri sawarmos

araracionaluri saqmianobis postulats. gadawyvetilebebi umetesad miiReba `SemTxveviTad~, standartuli meTodikebis gamoyenebis gareSe. Tu es modeli sworia, araferia gasakviri imaSi, rom xSirad miiReba araswori gadawyvetilebebi an standartuli meTodikebi gamoiyeneba arastandartuli problemebis gadasawyvetad, rac kritikul Secdomebs iwvevs.

sistemuri proeqtirebis praqtika

gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesis gamokvleva aCvenebs, rom es martivi procesi ar aris, rogorc amas gviCvenebs individualuri dagegmvis racionaluri modeli. informaciuli sistemebi adamianebis magivrad ar iReben gadawyvetilebebs, isini marto exmareban am procesSi. saqmiani gadawyvetileba warmoadgens organizaciuli procesebis nakrebs. unda Seiqmnas informaciuli sistemebi jgufuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesis uzrunvelsayofad mTeli sawarmos masStabiT. dasaproeqtebel sistemas unda gaaCndes Semdegi maxasiaTeblebi:

iyvnen moqnilebi da gaaCndeT monacemebis damuSavebisa da informaciis Sefasebis sxvadasxva funqciebi;

uzrunvelyofdnen sxvadasxva stilis gadawyvetilebis miRebas da muSaobdnen monacemebis sxvadasxva formatebTan;

iyvnen sakmarisad mZlavrebi analitikuri da intuitiuri modelebis Sesaqmnelad, monacemebisa da alternativebis Sedegebis Sesafaseblad;

uzrunvelyofdnen gadawyvetilebis rogorc jgufur, ise individualur miRebas; Seesabamebodnen yvela biurokratiul da politikur moTxovnebs, romlebic

waeyeneba aseT sistemebs.

leqcia 11 (#14) 3.4 informaciuli sistemebi da biznes-strategia

informaciuli sistemebis zogierTi tipi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania grZelvadiani dagegmvisaTvis da sawarmos gadarCenisaTvis – esenia strategiuli informaciuli sistemebi.

strategiuli informaciuli sistemis ganmarteba

strategiuli informaciuli sistemebi (Strategic information systems) emsaxurebian prioritetebis, muSaobis meTodebis, produqciis, momsaxurebis da sawarmoebs Soris urTierTobebis Secvlas, aZleven ra sawarmos upiratesobas konkurentebTan SedarebiT. aseT sistemebs SeuZliaT mTlianad Secvalon sawarmos muSaobis principebi da saqmianobis sfero. strategiuli informaciuli sistemebi SeiZleba Seiqmnas im sistemebis bazaze, romlebasc iyeneben umaRlesi donis menejerebi grZelvadiani dagegmvisaTvis da gadawyvetilebebisaTvis. isini SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnan sawarmos yvela doneze da arian yvelaze farTomasStabiani da yvelafrismomcvelebi sxva sistemebTan SedarebiT. strategiuli sistemebi yvelaze Zlier gavlenas axdenen kompaniis biznesis warmoebis meTodebze da mis sferozec ki. strategiis tradiciuli meTodebi bolo dros modificirebuli iqna kiberkorporaciebisa da axali informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoCenasTan erTad. dResdReobiT biznes-strategiam unda aqcenti gaakeTos bazarze konkurentebTan brZolaze, ris qveSac igulisxmeba bazarze axali niSebis moZebna, Sefaseba da dakaveba, sanam amas konkurentebi gaakeTeben. ar arsebobs erTi universaluri strategiuli sistema, magram aris bevri sistema, romlebic muSaoben ganyofilebis, firmis an dargis strategiul doneebze. TviToeul aseT doneze sistemebi pouloben Tavis gamoyenebas da arseboben analizis Sesabamisi modelebi.

biznes-strategia da Rirebulebis Sefasebis sistema

am doneze pasuxi unda miviRoT aseT kiTxvaze: rogor unda ganvaxorcieloT efeqturi konkurencia mocemul bazarze? bazris specializacias mniSvneloba ara aqvs. yvelaze zogadi strategiebia: 1) gavxdeT yvelaze iafi mwarmoebeli 2) gavxadoT Cveni saqoneli originaluri, sxvebisagan gansxvavebuli 3) SevcvaloT konkurenciis masStabebi produqciis gasaRebis bazris gafarToebis xarjze an SevamciroT dakavebuli seqtori da gadavideT viwro specializaciis saqonelze, romelic konkurentebs ara aqvT. kiberkorporaciebs exsnebaT axali strategiuli SesaZleblobebi – mowodebebis kontrolireba, momxmareblebTan kavSiris efeqturi sistemebis Seqmna da faswarmoqmnis modelebis analizi bazarze saqonlis swori ganlagebisaTvis.

Rirebulebis Sefasebis teqnologiabiznes-doneze yvelaze popularul samuSao instruments warmoadgens Rirebulebis SefasebiTi analizi. Rirebulebis Sefasebis modeli (Value Chain model) saSualebas iZleva gamovavlinoT biznesis is areebi, romlebSic axali strategiis gamoyeneba iqneba yvelaze warmatebuli da romlebSic yvelaze efeqturad imuSaveben informaciuli sistemebi. es modeli ganixilavs sawarmos SedarebiT martivi moqmedebebis seriis an jaWvis saxiT, romelTagan TviToeuli zrdis safirmo saqonlis an momsaxurebis saboloo Rirebulebas. es moqmedebebi SeiZleba gaiyos ZiriTad da meorexarisxovan saqmianobebad. saqmianobis ZiriTadi saxeebi (Primary activities) uSualodaa dakavSirebuli sawarmos saqonlisa da momsaxurebis warmoebasa da gavrcelebasTan, isini yvelaze metad axdenen gavlenas faswarmoqmnaze. aq Sedis logistika, sawarmoo operaciebi, gasaReba da marketingi, aseve momsaxureba. `Semavali~ logistika aris sawarmosaTvis saWiro materialebisa da makompleqtebeli mowyobilobebis miRebisa da dasawyobebis organizacia. sawarmoo operaciebi nedleulsa da materialebs gardaqmnian saboloo produqtSi. `gamomavali~ logistika aris saboloo produqtebis dasawyobebasa da gavrcelebaSi. marketingi da gasaReba mdgomareobs sawarmos produqciis wardgenasa da gayidvaSi. servisuli samsaxurebi axdenen gayiduli saqonlis uzrunvelyofasa da remonts. uzrunvelyofis procesebi (Support activities) inarCuneben saqmianobis ZiriTad saxeebs da Sedgebian organizaciuli infrastruqturisagan (administraciuli da mmarTvelobiTi nawilebi), SromiTi resursebisagan, teqnologiisagan (saqonlis gaumjobeseba da sawarmoo procesebis modernizacia), nedleulisa da makompleqteblebis Sesyidvisagan. sawarmoebs upiratesoba aqvT konkurentebTan SedarebiT, rodesac maT SeuZliaT TavianT klientebs SesTavazon meti saqoneli da momsaxureba an rodesac SeuZliaT SesTavazon igive odenobis saqoneli da momsaxureba ufro dabal fasSi. amasTan, informaciuli sistemebi strategiul doneze gamoiyeneba CamoTvlili procesebis uzrunvelsayofad. internet-teqnologiebma gaafarToes sawarmos Rirebulebis damatebis jaWvis cneba, gaaerTianes ra kompaniis yvela momwodeblebi da saqmiani partniorebi erT qselSi. safaso qseli (Value web) aris damoukidebeli firmebis erToblioba, romlebic iyeneben informaciul teqnologiebs Tavisi moqmedebebis koordinaciisaTvis, TiTqos isini erTad awarmoebdnen erTi da igive saqonelsa da momsaxurebas. qvemoT naCvenebia Rirebulebis damatebis jaWvis, safaso qselis Semadgeneli nawilebi da am procesebSi gamoyenebuli informaciuli sistemebis magaliTebi.

administrireba da menejmenti: eleqtronuli kalendaruli uzrunvelyofis dagegmvisa da Setyobinebebis gacvlis sistemebi moqmedebebi

kadrebis ganyofileba: SromiTi nakadebis dagegmvis sistema

teqnologia: avtomaturi proeqtirebis sistema

momarageba: SekveTebis formirebis kompiuteruli sistema

Semavali operaciebi gayidvebi da momsaxureba gamomavali logistika marketingi logistika

sawyobebis manqanuri SekveTebis mowyobilobe- miwodebis avtomatizi- warmoeba, formirebis bis momsaxu- dagegmvis rebuli marTuli kompiuteru- rebis kompiute- sistema kompiute- li siste- sistemebi ruli ZiriTadi rebiT mebi sistemebi moqmedebebi

sawarmoo Semadgeneli jaWvi SekveTebisprognozirebis Tvalyuris dev- sistema nebis interaq- Rirebulebis damateba tiuri sistema

kompaniebma unda aagon Tavisi strategiuli informaciuli sistemebi iseTnairad, rom maT uzrunvelyon ara marto Sida procesebi, aramed garec, romlebsac aqvT meti wona Rirebulebis SeqmnaSi. magaliTad, strategiul analizs SeuZlia gamoavlinos gaYidvebisa da marketingis is areebi, romlebSic informaciuli sistemebis gamoyenebas eqneba maqsimaluri efeqti. aseTma analizma SeiZleba aCvenos marketingze danaxarjebis Semcirebis SesaZlebloba iseTi produqtebis damuSavebis gziT, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia ufro mkafiod gansazRvruli miznobrivi auditoriisaTvis. damatebiTi strategiuli upiratesobis misaRebad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas urTierTdakavSirebuli sistemebis mTeli seriebi, saqmiano partniorebis sistemebis CaTvliT. qvemoT Cven vnaxavT Tu informaciuli sistemebis gamoyeneba yvela doneze rogor exmareba sawarmos Seamciros warmoebis xarjebi, moaxdinos Tavisi produqciis individualizacia da monaxos gasaRebis axali bazrebi.

informaciuli produqtebi da momsaxureba

kompaniebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon informaciuli sistemebi axali originaluri produqciisa da momsaxurebis Sesaqmnelad, romlebic gamorCeuli iqneba konkurentebis analogiuri produqciis fonze. strategiuli informaciuli sistemebi, romlebic emsaxurebian produqciis individualizacias (Product differentiation), ganapirobeben imas, rom sawarmoebs uCndebaT damatebiTi saSualebebi konkurenciisaTvis `fasebis omis~ garda. bevri aseTi maRalteqnologiuri saqoneli da momsaxureba Seqmnili iyo safinanso dawesebulebebis mier. magaliTad, Citibank-ma pirvelma daiwyo bankomatebisa da sakrediro baraTebis gamoyeneba 1977 wels, rac daexmara mas gamxdariyo a.S.S.-s erT-erTi umsxvilesi banki. mwarmoeblebi da movaWreebi iwyeben informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoyenebas specializirebuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis Sesaqmnelad, romelTa warmoebaze danaxarjebi ar aRemateba masobrivi warmoebis analogiur cifrebs.

fokusirebuli individualizaciis sistemebi bazarzesawarmoebs SeuZliaT ipovon axali sabazro niSebi saqonlisa da momsaxurebis specifikuri miznobrivi Tvisebebis gansazRvriT, romlebic ar gaaCnia konkurentebis Sesabamis produqtebs. fokusirebuli individualizaciis (Focused differentiation) procesis gamoyenebiT sawarmos SeuZlia bazris am segments SesTavazos iseTi saqoneli, romelic daakmayofilebs momxmarebelTa moTxovnilebebs ukeTesad, vidre konkurentebis saqoneli.

momwodeb- lebi

damzadeba

logistiku-ri firma

distribu-tori

informaciul sistemas SeuZlia misces sawarmos upiratesoba konkurentebze, radgan miRebuli informaciis wyalobiT SesaZlebeli xdeba axali meTodikebis gamoyeneba gayidvebsa da marketingSi. aseTi sistemebi arsebul informacias iyeneben resursis saxiT, romelic SeiZleba damuSavdes momgebianobis gazrdisa da bazarze meti wilis dakavebisaTvis. isisni exmarebian sawarmos gaaanalizon klientebis gemovneba, upiratesobebi da moTxovnebi, raTa Semdeg Caataron efeqturi sareklamo da merketinguli kampaniebi konkretulad am auditoriisaTvis. rTuli programebi pouloben kanonzomierebebs monacemebis did masivebSi da gamoyofen wesebs, romlebic SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas. momxmareblebis Sesaxeb informaciis analizi upiratesobas aZlevs sawarmos. monacemebi Semodis sxvadasxva wyaroebidan – sakredito baraTebiT operaciebidan, supermarketebis Strix-kodebis skanerebidan da monacemTa bazebidan, romlebic igeba momxmareblis mier internetis WEB-saitebis naxvisas. am monacemebis analizi exmareba marketologebs Seqmnan personificirebuli sareklamo Setyobinebebi momxmareblis moTxovnilebebis mixedviT. axali klientis moZebna jdeba xuTjer ufro Zviri, vidre arsebulis SenarCuneba. momxmareblebis mier gakeTebuli SenaZenebis dakvirvebuli analizi sawarmos saSualebas aZlevs gamoyon yvelaze ufro `momgebiani~ klienti. idive teqnologiiT SeiZleba gamovlindes `aramomgebiani~ SemkveTebis jgufic. zemoTaRwerili meTodikis gamomyenebeli sawarmoebi ufro met yuradRebas uTmoben momgebian klientebs, cdiloben ufro srulad daakmayofilon maTi moTxovnebi.

momaragebis sistemis marTva da ukukavSiris mqone efeqturi samomxmareblo sistemebikiberkorporacias gaaCnia gacilebiT didi SesaZleblobebi strategiul dagegmarebaSi sxva sawarmoebTan kavSirebis gamoyenebis wyalobiT. efeqturi biznes-strategiebi moicaven mwarmoeblebisa da momwodeblebis gaerTianebul Rirebulebis damatebis jaWvebs. Semdgomi integracia iTvaliswinebs am siaSi klientebis damatebasac, ris Sedegadac iqmneba efeqturi `ukukavSiris mqone samomxmareblo sistemebi~. sawarmoebs, romlebic iyeneben aseT meTodikebs, SeuZliaT mniSvnelovnad Seamciron zednadebi xarjebi da gacilebiT swrafad moaxdinon moTxovnis Secvlaze reagireba. sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebis aRricxvis mZlavri sistemiT SesaZlebelia dabali fasebis daweseba da saqonlis farTo asortimentis uzrunvelyofa. amiT SesaZlebelia sasawyobo xarjebis mniSvnelovani Semcireba. SesaZlebelia aseve mowodebebis efeqturi marTva, rac miiRweva sawarmos Sida operaciebis optimizaciiT da saqonlis SesyidviT momwodeblebisagan mxolod maSin, rodesac warmoiSveba amis moTxovna. mowodebebis marTvis sistemebs SeuZliaT ara marto Seamciron sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebis Senaxvaze xarjebi, aramed aseve daaCqaron saqonlis momxmarebelTan mitanis procesi. aseTi sistemebi gamoiyeneba ukukavSiris mqone efeqturi samomxmareblo sistemebis (Efficient customer response system) Sesaqmnelad, romlebic ufro swrafad reagireben momxmarebelTa moTxovnis Secvlaze. aseTi sistemebi axdenen gavrcelebis, warmoebsa da miwodebis procesebis koordinacias calkeuli saxeobebis saqonelze momxmareblebis reaqciasTan, aseTi informaciuli sistemebis mosaxerxebloba da gamoyenebis simartive dakavSirebulia gadarTvis RirebulebasTan (Switching costs) (xmarebaSi myofi produqtidan konkurentebis mier warmoebul analogebze gadasvlis xarjebi), romelic ewinaaRmdegeba klientebis gadasvlas konkurent kompaniebTan. sistema amuSavebs informacias, romelic dakavSirebulia mitanasTan, SekveTis damuSavebasTan da angariSis gamowerasTan, amasTan SemkveTma winaswar icis saqonlis miRebis dro. saqonlis mitanis tradiciuli teqnologiebisagan gansxvavebiT maTi zust dros mitanis meTodi SemkveTs saSualebas aZlevs Seamciros xarjebi saqonlis dasawyobebaze. xolo mitanis urezervo sistemis dros

mitana xdeba ara sawyobSi, aramed uSualod gamoyenebis adgilze saWiro dros yoveldRiurad, rac saSualebas iZleva dasawyobebis xarjebi gamoiricxos mTlianad. am dros saWiro inventaris arsebobis pasuxismgebloba gadadis distributorze, romelic marTavs miwodebebs. aseTi sistema mZlavri instrumentia klientebis dasakaveblad, is sawarmos aZlevs mniSvnelovan upiratesobas. SekveTebis marTva da ukukavSiris mqone efeqturi samomxmareblo sistemebi aris ori magaliTi imisa, Tu rogor axdenen ganviTarebadi cifruli teqnilogiebis gamomyenebeli sawarmoebi axali biznes-strategiebis cxvobrebaSi danergvas, rac Zveleburad momuSave sawarmoebisaTvis xelmisawvdomi ar aris. orive zemoTnaxsenebi sistema moiTxovs investiciebs qselur informaciul infrastruqturaSi da programul uzrunvelyofaSi, romelTac SeuZliaT uzrunvelyon sxvadasxva sawarmoebs Soris informaciis SeuzRudavi gacvla. orive tipis sistema mniSvnelovnad zrdis ara marto kiberkorporaciis, aramed mTeli ekonomikis muSaobis efeqturobas, rac warmoadgens nabijs warmoebis sistemisaken, sadac mas marTavs moTxovna gansxvavebiT ukve moZvelebuli ekonomikuri sistemisagan, romelic efuZneboda miwodebebis moculobebs, rodesac sawarmoebis muSaoba igegmeboda produqciis gamoSvebis oficialuri wliuri gegmebis safuZvelze da ara momxmareblebis moTxovnilebis mixedviT. qvemoT suraTze moyvanilia miwodebebis marTvis, ukukavSiris mqone efeqturi samomxmareblo sistemebisa da sxvadasxva biznes-strategiebis urTierTkavSiri:

momwodeblebi biznesis donis strategia SemkveTebi

ukukavSiris mqone efeqturi samomxmareblo sistemebi da mowodebebis marTvis sistemebi xSirad urTierTdakavSirebulia, exmarebian sawarmos SeinarCunon klientebi da momwodeblebi zednadebi xarjebis Semcirebis wyalobiT. sxva saxis sistemebi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnan produqciis individualizaciaSi da warmoebis strategiis damuSavebaSi daxmarebisaTvis.

sawarmos strategia da informaciuli teqnologiebi

komerciuli firma Cveulebriv warmoadgens sxvadasxva komerciuli procesebis erTobliobas. xSirad firma igeba strategiuli obieqtebis nakrebis saxiT, romelTa muSaobis efeqturobazea damokidebuli mTeli sawarmos mogeba. aset situaciaSi Cndeba ori kiTxva: rogor unda iqnas miRweuli yvela obieqtebis muSaobis maqsimaluri efeqturoba da rogor gamoviyenoT amaSi informaciuli teqnologiebi? literaturaSi aris ori pasuxi am kiTxvebze: sinergia (SeTanxmebuli erToblivi muSaoba) da ZiriTadi kompetencia. sinergiis idea aris imaSi, rom rodesac zogierTi obieqtebi arian informaciis wyaro sxva obieqtebisaTvis an rodesac or sawarmos SeuZlia gaaerTianos Tavisi bazrebi da muSaobis gamocdileba, aseT urTierTkavSirebs SeuZlia gamoiwvios saerTo xarjebis Semcireba da mogebis gazrda. rogori strategiuli gamoyeneba SeiZleba hpovos informaciulma sistemebma aseT situaciebSi? maTi gamoyenebis erTi xerxi aris biznesis calkeuli obieqtebis operaciebis gaerTianeba ise, rom isini funqcionirebdnen rogorc erTi mTliani. am

sawarmo

mowodebebis jaWvis marTva

urezervo momaragebamowodeba `zustad droze~operatiuli mowodeba

sawarmosSida strategia

saqonlis diferenciacia fokusirebuli diferenciacia (monacemTa analizi) iafi mwarmoebeli

SemkveTis efeqturi gamoxma-

urebagayidvebis marTvis sistemamonacemTa analizi

dros Semcirdeba zednedebi xarjebi, klientebisaTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba axali safinanso momsaxureba, xolo marketinguli procesebi mniSvnelovnad daCqardeba.

ZiriTadi kompetenciebis gaZliereba sawarmos doneze strategiis meore principia ZiriTadi kompetencia. am cnebis arsi isaa, rom sawarmos yvela komponentis muSaobis efeqturoba damokidebulia imaze, ramdenad monawileoben isini ZiriTadi kompetenciebis SeqmnaSi. ZiriTadi kompetencia (Core competency) aris saqmianobis are, sadac sawarmo aris lideri yvela bazrebze. ZiriTadi kompetencia dafuZnebulia upirvelesad codnasa da gamocdilebaze, romelsac sawarmo iZens wlebis ganmavlobaSi. rogor SeuZliaT informaciul teqnologiebs daexmaron sawarmoebs maTi ZiriTadi kompetenciis SeqmnaSi an gazrdaSi? nebismieri informaciuli sistema, romelic avrcelebs codnas, xels uwyobs amas. aseTi sistemebi zrdian arsebul kompetencias da exmarebian TanamSromlebs daeuflon axal codnas.

sistemebis gamoyeneba konkurentuli upiratesobis misaRebad: marTvis sakiTxeb

strategiuli informaciuli sistemebi xSirad cvlian rogorc sawarmos struqturas, ise gamoSvebul saqonelsa da momsaxurebas, muSaobis principebs, rac iwvevs axali qceviTi strategiebis gaCenas. aseTi teqnologiebis swori gamoyeneba moiTxovs TanmimdevrobiT dagegmvasa da marTvas.

strategiuli gadasvlebis marTvaganxiluli informaciuli sistemebis danergva gulisxmobs cvlilebebs sawarmos miznebSi, klientebTan da momwodeblebTan urTierTobebSi, Sida procesebSi da infromaciul arqiteqturaSi. aseT socialur-teqnologiur cvlilebebs uwodeben strategiul gadasvlebs (Strategic transitions) – gadanacvlebebs socioteqnikuri sistemebis sxvadasxva doneebs Soris. aseTi siaxleebi xSirad iwveven sawarmos sazRvrebis aramkafioobas, rogorc Sida, ise gare sazRvrebis. momwodeblebi da klientebi SeiZleba mWidrod iyvnen erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli da muSaobaSi iyenebdnen saerTo informacias. manejerebs mouxdebaT SeimuSaon axali biznes-procesebi sawarmos SemkveTebTan, momwodeblebTan da sxva sawarmoebTan saqmianobis koordinaciisaTvis. am dros SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes axali tipis sainformacio sistemebi, romelTa roli Zalian didia.

ris gaakeTeba SeuZliaT menejerebsinformaciuli sistemebi Zalian mniSvnelovania sawarmosaTvis, raTa isini miandon teqnikuri specialistebis mcire jgufs. menejerebma unda gamoiCinon iniciativa, gansazRvron romeli tipis sistemebi moitanen maqsimalur konkurentul upiratesobas. amisaTvis maT pasuxi unda miiRon aseT kiTxvebze:

ra warmoadgens mrewvelobis ZiriTad mamoZravebel Zalebs? rogori strategiebi gamoiyeneba dargis liderebis mier?

mocemul momentsi rogor gamoiyeneba informaciuli da komunikaciuri teqnologiebi? romeli sawarmoebi warmoadgenen liderebs am saqmeSi? sistemebis romeli saxeebia mrewvelobis mocemul dargSi gamoyenebisaTvis Sesaferisi?

rogoria mocemul dargSi mimdinare cvlilebebis tendencia da buneba? ram ganapiroba maTi maTi dawyeba?

rodesac cxadi gaxdeba dargSi informaciuli sistemebis ZiriTadi principebi, menejerebma unda yuradReba dauTmon sakuTar sawarmos da dasvan Semdegi kiTxveba:

CamorCeba Tu ara sawarmo informaciuli sistemebis danergvaSi, Tu is aris lideri Tavis dargSi?

raSi mdgomareobs mimdinare biznes-gegma da SeeTanxmeba Tu ara informaciul strategias?

aqvs Tu ara sawarmos sakmarisi teqnikuri da finansuri resursebi strategiuli informaciuli sistemebis dasanergad?

saqmianobis romel sferoSi SeuZliaT informaciul sistemebs moutanon sawarmos maqsimaluri sargebloba?

aqvs Tu ara azri internet-teqnologiebis gamoyenebas warmoebaSi, marketingSi da momxmareblebTan muSaobis samsaxurebSi?

mxolod am sakiTxebze pasuxebis miRebis Semdeg menejerebs SeuZliaT miiRon gadawyvetileba sawarmos strategiuli informaciuli sistemebis danergvisaTvis mzadyofnis Sesaxeb.

marTvis safuZvlebimenejmenti. informaciuli teqnologiebi menejerebs aZleven instrumentebs, romlebic maT saSualebas aZleven Seasrulon ara marto miRebuli, aramed axali funqciebic, awarmoon monitoringi, dagegmva da sawarmos muSaobis prognozireba ufro swrafad da zustad, vidre adre, aseve myisieri reagireba moaxdinon bazarze mdgomareobis Secvlaze. informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoyenebis gzebis Zieba konkurentuli upiratesobis yvela doneze misaRwevad aris menejeris ZiriTadi amocanaa. garda amisa, raTa sworad ganisazRvros biznes-procesebi, ZiriTadi kvalifikaciebi da damyardes urTierTkavsirebi bazris sxva monawileebTan, menejerebi unda iyvnen imis kursSi, rogori socialur-teqnologiuri cvlilebebi unda iqnas Semotanili strategiuli informaciuli sistemebis danergvisas.

sawarmo. yovel sawarmos awvs informaciuli sistemebis unikaluri nakrebi, romlis Semadgenlobac damokidebulia informaciuli teqnilogiebis gamoyenebis sferoze. Tanamedrove informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba dakavSirebuli iyos globalur organizaciul cvlilebebTan; tranzaqciebis Rirebulebis Semcireba da xarjebis Semcireba aris konkurentuli upiratesobis miRebis erT-erTi wyaro. mravaldaniSnulebiani strategiuli sistemebis Seqmna, rogorc wesi, moiTxovs organizaciuli struqturis, kulturisa da biznes-procesebis didi nawilis ganaxlebas, rac iwvevs sawarmos TanamSromlebis mxridan winaaRmdegobas.teqnologia. informaciuli teqnologiebia axal SesaZleblobebs iZlevian Sromis organizaciisa da informaciis gamoyenebis dargSi, rac ganapirobebs sawarmos gadarCenas da warmatebas. axali teqnologiebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas arsebuli saqonlis individualizaciisaTvis, axali saqonlis Seqmnisa da zednadebi xarjebis SemcirebisaTvis. teqnologiis amorCeva, romelic SeeTanxmeba sawarmos konkurentul strategias, aris erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi gadawyvetileba.

leqcia 12 (#16) sawarmos gardaqmna informaciuli sistemebis danergvisas

qvemoT Cven aRvwerT informaciuli sistemebis damuSavebis, agebisa da danergvis procesebs, amasTan didi yuradReba daeTmoba organizaciul sakiTxebs, biznes-procesebisa da xarisxis marTvis gadawyobas. ganxiluli iqneba axali sistemebis Seqmnis ZiriTadi momentebi, aseve maTi kavSiri sawarmos biznes-gegmebTan da mis informaciul moTxovnilebebTan, agreTve axali suistemebis agebis sxvadasxva alternativebi.

10.1 sainformacio sistemebi da gegmiuri organizaciuli cvlilebebi axali informaciuli sistemis danergva ar semoisazRvreba axali mowyobilobis SeZeniTa da damatebiTi programebis dayenebiT. is aseve moicavs cvlilebebs,

romlebic moxdeba sawarmos TanamSromlebis saqmianobaSi yvela doneze. rodesac Cven vnergavT axal informaciul sistemas, Cven vaxdenT mTeli sawarmos gadawyobas. mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes, rom axali informaciuli sistemis ageba warmoadgens sawarmos struqturis dagegmili Secvlis process. Semqmnelebs unda hqondeT imis warmodgena, rogor imoqmedebs sistema sawarmoze mTlianad, gaiTvaliswinon SesaZlebeli konfliqtebida cvlilebebi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi. sistema SeiZleba iyos teqnikurad unaklo, magram misi danergva ar moitans saWiro Sedegs, Tu ar iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli sawarmos saqmianobis socialuri da politikuri aspeqtebi. analitikosebma da damproeqteblebma unda yzrunvelyon sistemis SeqmnaSi sawarmos yvela ZiriTadi wevris monawileoba.

informaciuli sistemis dakavSireba biznes-gegmasTangadawyvetilebis miReba axali sistemis tipisa da maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb unda iyos sawarmos saqmianobis dagegmvis procesis erT-erTi ZiriTadi komponenti. sawarmoebma unda SeimuSaon specialuri informaciuli sistemebis formirebis gegma (Information systems plan), romelic Seesabameba ZiriTad biznes-strategias. aseTi gegma Seicavs sistemis damuSavebis ZiriTad mimarTulebebs, mis logikur dasabuTebas, asaxavs mimdinare situacias, mmarTvelobiT strategias da iTvaliswinebs finansur gaTvlebs:

sawarmos informaciuli sistemis formirebis gegma1. gegmis daniSnuleba

gegmis Sinaarsis mimoxilva proeqtebis aRwera cvlilebebi sawarmos Tanamedrove logikuri dasabuTeba mdgomareobaSi infrastruqturia axali SesaZleblobebi,sawarmos strategiuli gegma romlebic aucilebelia samuSaodbiznesis arsebuli organizacia kompiuteruli da sxva mowyobilobamTavari biznes-procesebi programuli uzrunvelyofammarTvelobiTi strategia monacemTa bazebi 2. strategiuli biznes-gegma telekomunikaciebi da internetimimdinare situacia 5. mmarTvelobiTi strategia biznesis mimdinare da momavali mowyobilobebisa da programebis SeZenisorganizacia gegmebigaremocvis Secvla `sakontrolo~ wertilebi da TariRebibiznes-gegmis ZiriTadi miznebi sawarmos gadawyoba 3. arsebuli sistemebi aliansi saqmian partniorebTanZiriTadi sistemebi, romlebic Seda reorganizaciaemsaxurebian biznes-funqciebsa da administraciuli marTva procesebs personalTan muSaobis strategiaarsebuli infrastruqturis 6. danergvis gegmaSesaZleblobebi winaswar gaTvaliswinebuli danergvismowyobiloba siZneleebiprogramuli uzrunvelyofa angariSebi Sesrulebis TaobazemonacemTa bazebi 7. sabiujeto moTxovnebitelekomunikaciebi moTxovnebisiZneleebi biznes-moTxovnebis gaTvlili momgebianobaSesrulebisas finansirebagaTvlili moTxovna Sesyidvebis cikli 4. axali proeqtebiaxali sistemuri proeqtebi

gegma moicavs korporatiuli miznebisa da amocanebis formulirebas da uCvenebs, rogor SeiZleba informaciul teqnologiebis gamoyeneba am miznebis

misaRwevad. dokumentSi miTiTebulia, sistemasTan dakavSirebuli calkeuli proeqtebi rogor exmarebian sawarmos ZiriTadi amocanebis SesrulebaSi. masSi miTiTebulia konkretuli TariRebi da `sakontrolo wertilebi, romlebic SemdgomSi uCveneben saerTo gegmis Sesrulebis progress. gegma aseve asaxavs umniSvnelovanes mmarTvelobiT gadawyvetilebebs, romlebic exeba mowyobilobis Senaxvas, satelekomunikacio teqnikas, saxelisuflebo struqturebis centralizacia/decentralizacias, informaciasTan da kompiuterul sistemebTan daSvebis uzrunvelyofas. aqve aRiwereba cvlilebebi, romlebic moxdeba sawarmoSi, xelmZRvaneli TanamSromlebisa da danarCeni personalis swavlebis, axali TanamSromlebis daqiravebis, ZiriTadi biznes-procesebisa da sawarmos zogadi struqturis gadawyobis CaTvliT.

sawarmos mier gansazRvruli moTxovnebi informaciisadmi

informaciuli sistemebis Seqmnis efeqturi gegmis Sesadgenad sawarmoSi unda arsebobdes zusti warmodgena im pirobebze, romlebsac unda akmayofilebdes sistemisagan miRebuli informacia (xangrZlivi perspeqtivis CaTvliT). arsebobs sawarmos informaciuli moTxovnebis Sefasebis ori ZiriTadi meTodika: sawarmos analizi da warmatebis kritikuli faqtorebis gansazRvra.

sawarmos saqmianobis analizi (biznes-sistemis dagegmva)sawarmos saqmianobis analizi (Enterprise analysis) gulisxmobs, rom sawarmos informaciuli moTxovnilebebi SeiZleba ganisazRvros mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas ganvixilavT rogorc erTobliobas calskeuli organizaciuli obieqtebis, funqciebis, procesebisa da monacemTa elementebisa. aseT analizs SeuZlia mogvces saSualeba gamoiyos sawarmos monacemebis umniSvnelovanesi obieqtebi da atributebi. meTodika mdgomareobs menejerebis didi ricxvis gamokiTxvaSi da monacemebis SegrovebaSi imis Taobaze, Tu rogor iyeneben isini informacias, saidanRebuloben, ra miznebi aqvT, rogor iReben gadawyvetilebebs da ra monacemebi WirdebaT amisaTvis. farTomasStabiani gamokvlevis Sedegebi yalibdeba monacemebis obieqtebSi, funqciebSi, procesebSi da matricebSi. monacemebis elementebi grovdeba logikur jgufebSi – elementebis nakrebebSi, romlebic miekuTvnebian gansazRvrul organizaciul procesebs. Sedegad miireba monacemebis/procesebis matrica. masSi asaxulia monacemebis klasebi, romlebic aucilebelia calkeuli organizaciuli procesebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis, aseve procesebi, romlebic qmnian monacemebs da romlebic muSaoben maTTan. analizis meTodis naklovanebaa is, rom misi Sedegebi warmoadgenen monacemebis uzarmazar masivs, romlis sistematizacia da analizi sakmaod Znelia. amasTan gamokiTxvebis didi nawili tardeba saSualo da maRali rangis menejerebs Soris, ris gamoc informacia klerkebisa da operaciuli menejerebis saqmianobis Sesaxeb praqtikulad ar aris. amasTan nalizi xdeba ukve arsebuli informaciis, amitom sawarmos informaciul moTxovnilebebs eTmoba naklebi yuradReba. rogorc wesi, aseTi analizis Sedegi aris arsebuli procesebis avtomatizaciis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miReba, maSin rodesac mizanSewonilia biznesisadmi axali midgomebisa da meTodikebis gamoyeneba.

strategiuli analizi anu warmatebis kritikuli faqtorebis gansazRvraes meTodika dafuZnebulia imaze, rom sawarmos yvela informaciuli moTxovnilebebi ganisazRvreba menejerebisaTvis warmatebis kritikuli faqtorebis (Critical success factors) mcire raodenobiT. Tu xelmZRvaneloba miaRwevs Tavis miznebs, sawarmos saqmianobac erTobliobaSi iqneba warmatebuli. kritikuli faqtorebis nakrebi ganisazRvreba mrewvelobis dargiT, sawarmoTi, menejeriT, aseve damokidebulia garemocvaze:

warmatebis kritikuli faqtorebi da sawarmos miznebi magaliTi miznebi warmatebis kritikuli faqtorebi momgebianoba momgebianoba erT aqciaze saavtomobilo mrewveloba momgebianoba investirebul stili kapitalze gasaRebis xarisxiani sistema bazris wili xarjebis kontroli axali saqoneli/momsaxureba energetikuli standartebiaramomgebiani kargi samedicino momsaxureba regionaluri integracia sxva saqmianoba samedicino organizaciebTan

samTavrobo aqtebTan Sesabamisoba axali dadgenilebebis gamosvlis monitoringi

momavali danaxarjebi TanamSromle- resursebis efeqturi gamoyeneba bis janmrTelobaze strategiuli analizis mniSvnelovani Tvisebaa mcire odenobis obieqtebTan muSaoba, romlebic iolad SeiZleba gansazRvruli iyvnen menejerebis mier da damuSavebuli iqnan informaciuli sistemebis saSualebiT. strategiuli analizis mTavari meTodika aris sami an oTxi personaluri intervius sistema, romlebic aiReba mTavari menejerebidan, raTa gansazRvruli iyos maTi miznebi da am miznebis Sesabamisi warmatebis kritikuli faqtorebi. es personaluri faqtorebi Semdeg gamoiyeneba mTeli sawarmos warmatebis faqtorebis mTliani suraTis misaRebad, ris Semdegac iqmneba informaciuli sistemebi, romlebic iZlevian faqtiur materials, romlebic exeba zustad am sakiTxebs. qvemoT suraTze moyvanilia sawarmos warmatebis kritikuli faqtorebis gansazRvris teqnologia:

analizis am meTodis upiratesoba imaSia, rom gamoiyeneba monacemTa SedarebiT mcire moculoba, romlebis saSualobas iZlevian SevafasoT sawarmos muSaobis efeqturoba. menejerebs kiTxvebi esmebaT ara informaciasTan muSaobis Sesaxeb, aramed ZiriTadad warmatebis faqtorebis Sesaxeb. es mosaxerxebelia rogorc TviT menejerebisaTvis, ise gadawyvetilebebis miRebis xelSemwyobi da kavSiris sistemebis SemqmnelebisaTvis. am teqnologiis ZiriTadi naklovanebaa is, rom monacemebis mogroveba da analizi ZiriTadad empiriuli procesia. ar arsebobs mkafio algoriTmi warmatebis individualuri faqtorebis sawarmos Sesabamis faqtorebSi gardasaqmnelad, saWiro informaciis naklebobis gamo. calkeuli pirovnebebis miznebi da amocanebi yoveTvis ar emTxveva (an nawilobriv emTxveva) imas, riskenac miiswrafis sawarmo Tavis

menejer 1-is warmatebis faqtorebi

menejer 2-is warmatebis faqtorebi

menejer 3-is warmatebis faqtorebi

menejer 4-is warmatebis faqtorebi

individualuri faqtorebis gardaqmna da analizi

sawarmos warmatebis faqtorebze SeTanxmebis SemuSaveba

sawarmos warmatebis kritikuli faqtorebis gansazRvra

gadawyvetilebebis miRebisxelSemwyobi sistemisa damonacemTa bazebis amorCeva

warmatebis faqtorebis gamoyeneba informaciuli

sistemebis dasamuSaveblad

saqmianobaSi. ufro metic, es meTodi sakmaod subieqturia, masSi gaiTvaliswineba mxolod sawarmos umaRlesi xelmZRvanelobis interesebi.

sistemebis damuSaveba da organizaciuli cvlilebebi

axali informaciuli sistemebi warmoadgenen mZlavr instruments sawarmos struqturis gardasaqmnelad, misi saqmianobis sferos gasafarToeblad, axali kavSirebis dasamyareblad, axali produqtebisa da momsaxurebis Sesaqmnelad. qvemoT cxrilSi moyvanilia informaciuli sistemebis saSualebiT sawarmosa da biznes-procesebis gardaqmnis zogierTi xerxi.

sawarmos struqturis gardaqmna informaciuli teqnologiebis daxmarebiT informaciuli teqnologia cvlilebebi sawarmoSi globaluri kompiuteruli qselebi Sromis saerTaSoriso danawileba: sawarmos biznes-

procesebi ukve aRar aris damokidebuli geografiul adgilmdebareobaze; sawarmos sazRvrebi farTovdeba; mas SeuZlia daakavSiros Tavisi warmoeba nebismier adgilze ganlagebul SemkveTebTan da saqmian partniorebTan; aseTi gadawyvetilebebis da masTan dakavSirebuli tranzaqciebis Rirebuleba mudmivad mcirdeba.

sawarmoebis lokaluri qselebi erToblivi da gunduri muSaoba: warmoebis procesebis kontroli SeiZleba ara marto calkeuli qveganyofilebebis SigniT; agentebis xarjebi mudmivad mcirdeba; Cndeba saSualeba sxvadasxva adgilze mimdinare ramodenime procesis erTdrouli kontrolisa.

danawilebuli gamoTvlebi saWiro informacia da codna xelmisawvdomi xdeba calkeuli TanamSromlebisa da muSa gjufebisaTvis; xdeba biznes-procesebis modernizacia; xarjebi marTvasa da kontrolze klebulobs; ierarqia da centralizacia nel-nela aramkafio xdeba.

portatiuli kompiuterebi virtualuri organizacia: muSaoba aRar aris dakavSirebuli TanamSromlis fizikur adgilmdebareobasTan; infromacia xelmisawvdomia dedamiwis nebismieri adgilidan nebismier dros; samuSao xdeba mobiluri.

multimediuri da grafikuli xelmisawvdomoba: sawarmos nebismieri TanamSromli-

interfeisi saTvis xelmisawvdomia muSaobisaTvis saWiro informacia da codna; saorganizacio xarjebi mcirdeba dokumentTa moZraobis eleqtronuli sistemebis gamoyenebis xarjze; dokumentebi ukve SeiZleba Seicavdes ara marto teqsts, aramed grafikas, xmas an videos.

saorganizacio cvlilebebis sxvadasxva saxeebiinformaciuli teqnologiebi SeiZleba gamoiyenebodes sawarmos gardaqmnis sxvadasxva doneebze – mcire cvlilebebidan mTeli struqturis globalur cvlilebebamde. qvemoT suraTze mocemulia organizaciuli cvlilebebis oTxi ZiriTadi tipi: 1. avtomatizacia 2. racionalizacia 3. reinJineringi 4. paradigmis Secvla (muSaobis ZiriTadi principebis Secvla). am tipebidan TviToeuls aqvs Tavisi Zlieri da susti mxareebi. informaciuli teqnologiebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli gamoyenebaa sawarmos muSaobis avtomatizacia Automation). pirveli informaciuli sistemebi adamianebs WirdebodaT imisaTvis, rom maTi muSaoba ufro efeqturi da produqtiuli yofiliyo. Cekebisa da sagadamxdelo uwyisebis damuSavebis sistemebi, bankomatebi, terminalebi aeroportSi da sadgurze – pirveli Taobis sistemebis magaliTebia rutinuli procesebis avtomatizaciisaTvis. ufro Rrma cvlilebebi sawarmoebSi xdeba procedurebis racionalizaciis (Rationalization of procedures) Sedegad. avtomatizacia xSirad gamoaCens sawarmoo procesebis axal naklovanebebs. racionalizacia mdgomareobs standartuli

operaciuli procedurebis optimizaciaSi, `viwro adgilebis~ iseTnair likvidaciaSi, rom Semdgomma avtomatizaciam mniSvnelovnad gazardos am procesebis efeqturoba. sawarmos struqturis gadawyobis mZlavri xerxia biznes-procesebis reinJineringi (Business process rengineering), romlis drosac xdeba am procesebis analizi, mowesrigeba da Semdeg rekonstruqcia. informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT sawarmos SeuZlia Tavisi sawarmoo procesebis optimizacia, warmoebis tempebis gazrda, saqonlisa da momsaxurebis xarisxis gazrda. es meTodika aris ufro qmediTi, vidre racionalizacia, da moiTxovs axal xedvas sawarmos saqmianobis organizaciisa. procedurebis racionalizacia da biznes-procesebis gardaqmna Cveulebriv Semoifargleba sawarmos saqmianobis garkveuli aspeqtebiT. axali informaciuli sistemebi Zlierad moqmedeben ra sawarmos struqturaze, axdenen muSaobis principebis transformacias an mTlianad cvlian misi saqmianobis sferos. biznesis aseTi radikaluri cvlilebebis formas uwodeben paradigmis Secvlas (Paradigm shift) da is moicavs sawarmos bunebisa da biznesis safuZvlebis mTlianad axleburad gaazrebas. paradigmis Secvla da reinJineringi xandaxan ar iZlevian mosalodnel Sedegebs, radgan cvlilebebis mTeli simravlis marTva da urTierTSeTanxmeba rTulia. maSin ratom iyeneben maT sawarmoebi? cxadia imitom, rom maTi warmatebuli realizaciis SemTxvevaSi sawarmo iRebs mraval upiratesobas – momgebianoba da warmoebis efeqturoba izrdeba gadawyobaze daxarjuli Tanxebis proporciulad:

maRali

paradigmis Secvla

reinJineringi

riski

racionalizacia

avtomatizacia

dabali

dabali mogeba maRali

leqcia 13 (#18)

10.2 biznes-procesebis reinJineringi da xarisxis totaluri marTva dResdReobiT bevri sawarmo mimarTavs Zalisxmevas axali informaciuli sistemebis Seqmnisaken, romlebsac SeuZliaT biznes-procesebis efeqturobis gazrda. zogierTi aseTi proeqti gulisxmobs biznes-procesebis srul restruqturizacias, sxvebi Semofarglebian ufro naklebi cvlilebebiT.

biznes-procesebis reinJineringi

Tu sawarmo gaiazrebs da Tavis biznes-procesebs radikalurad Secvlis manamde, sanam daiwyebs axali kompiuteruli simZlavreebis gamoyenebas, mas aqvs Sansi

miiRos ufro meti upiratesobebi informaciul teqnologiebSi investiciebiT. a.S.S.-s ipoTekuri industria (kreditis miReba uZravi qonebis SesaZenad am qonebisave giraoSi CadebiT) aris kargi magaliTi imisa, Tu msxvili korporaciebi rogor awarmoeben Tavisi biznes-procesebis reinJinerings. adre kreditis gaformeba ikavebda 6-8 kviras da firmas ujdeboda daaxloebiT 3000 dolari. amocana iyo am Tanxis 1000 dolaramde Semcireba yvela dokumentis 1 kviraSi gaformebiT. aseTi kreditis gaformebis procesi SeiZleba gaiyos sam etapad: monacemebis momzadeba, momsaxureba da meoradi marketingi. kreditis msurveli avsebda SekveTas kreditis miRebaze qaRaldze. Semdeg mosamsaxures Seyavda anketis es monacemebi bankis kompiuterul sistemaSi. sakredito analitikosebi da damzRvevebi sxvadasxva ganyofilebebidan amowmebdnen am monacemebs. Tu monacemebi dadasturdeboda, bankis TanamSromlebi wyvetdnen sesxis dazRvevis sakiTxebs da anxorcielebdnen pirobiTi deponirebis proceduras. qaRaldebis erTi magididan meoreze gadasvlis aseTi konveieri grZeldeboda 17 dRemde. wamyvanma bankebma aRwerili procesis nacvlad gadawyvites gamoeyenebinaT `moduluri sistema~. dResdReobiT monacemebi klientebze Seiyvaneba uSualod sistemaSi portatiuli kompiuterebis saSualebiT. programa amowmebs miRebul informacias sisruleze da Secdomebze. Semdeg anketa qseliT gadaigzavneba regionalur centrebSi. sakredito analitikosebi, dazRvevis specialistebi sxva TanamSromlebi calcalke ki ar muSaoben, isini dakavSirebuli arian eleqtronuli qseliT da muSaoben erT gundSi. SekveTis damuSaveba 2 dRe grZeldeba. Semdegi etapia kreditis momsaxureba. TanamSromlebs SeuZliaT nebismier mimentSi dakavSireba bankis qselTan da informaciis miReba mimdinare sakredito ganakveTebze an klientis sakredito istoriis Semowmeba. aseTi biznes-teqnologiebi moiTxoven firmis saqmianobis mTeli procesebis seriozul gadakeTebas. sakredito procesebis reinJineringis xarjze bankebma miiRes mravali upiratesoba. isini cdilobdnen ara erti romelime procesis optimizacias, aramed maR gadaakeTes logikurad erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli procesebisa da procedurebis mTeli nakrebi. Zveli meTodikebis avtomatizaciis magier bankebma srulad Secvales klientisaTvis kreditis micemis TviT procesi.

samuSao nakadebis marTva raTa optimizirebuli yofiliyo kreditis gacemis qaRaldze mimdinare procedurebi, bankebma daiwyes specialuri programuli uzrunvelyofis gamoyeneba. inaxaven ra yvela dokumentebs eleqtronul saxeSi da amuSaveben ra maT kompiuterze, sawarmoebi gardaqmnian Tavis samuSao procesebs iseTnairad, rom mTeli dokumentacia muSavdeba da gadaigzavneba erTi adgilidan meoreze momentalurad. biznes-procesebis optimizaciis aseTi procesi, romelic dokumentebis moZraobis efeqturobas zrdis, uwodeben samuSao nakadebis marTvas (Workflow management). erT dokumentze erTdroulad SeuZlia muSaoba ramodenime TanamSromels, rac mniSvnelovnad zrdis damuSavebis siCqares. Seferxebebi damuSavebaSi, imis gamo, rom dokumentebi `gzaSia~, gamoricxulia.

efeqturi reinJineringis etapebi

raTa reinJineringis procesma moitanos Sedegebi, umaRlesma xelmZRvanelobam unda SeimuSaos masStaburi strategia, romelic gamoiyenebs axal biznes-procesebs. sawarmoebma yuradReba unda gaamaxvilon ZiriTad procesebze, romelTa gadakeTebas SeuZlia moitanos maqsimaluri mogeba. unda Sefasdes sawarmos ZiriTadi procesebis mwarmoebluroba, rac daedeba safuZvlad Semdgom gaTvlebs. magaliTad, Tu reinJineringis mizania droisa da saxsrebis Semcireba, romlebic saWiroa axali produqtis dasamuSaveblad an SekveTis Sesasruleblad, sawarmom unda gazomos ramden drosa da saxsrebs moiTxovs tradiciuli procesebi.

sistemebis damuSavebis tradiciuli meTodika gulisxmobs biznes-funqciis an procesis informaciuli moTxovnilebebis Sefasebas, xolo Semdeg imis gansazRvras, rogori informaciuli teqnologiebi SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli maTi momsaxurebisaTvis. magram axali teqnologiebis danergvisas ar SeiZleba Secdomis daSveba sawarmos momavali saqmianobis grZelvadiani dagegmvisas. instruqciebis Tanmimdevrobis meqanikuri dacva ar iZleva reinJineringis warmatebis garantias. sawarmos informaciul infrastruqturas unda gaaCndes SesaZleblobebi axali biznes-procesebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis. qvemoT cxrilSi mocemulia sxvadasxva inovaciebis magaliTebi:

informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT procesebis damuSavebis axali SesaZleblobebimoTxovnileba teqnologia opcia magaliTebi

saeqsploatacio personals umavTulo TanamSromlebs SeuZliaT miiRon AvisesaWiroeba ofisebi informa- komunikaciebi da gaagzavnon informacia, sadacciis miRebis, Senaxvisa da ar unda iyvnen isinigadacemisaTvis infromacia SeiZleba iyos erToblivad TanamSromlebs SeuZliaT erToblivi Banc Onemxolod erT adgilze drois gamoyenebadi muSaoba proeqtebze, sadac ar unda U.S. Westgarkveul momentSi monacemTa bazebi iyvnen; uzrunvelyofilia informa- ciis erTdrouli xelmisawvdomoba nebismieri geografiuli adgilmde- bareobidanTanamSromlebs WirdebaT avtomaturi iden- obieqtebi TviTon gzavnian Setyo- United Parcelsxvadsxva obieqtebis ad- tifikaciisa da ga- binebebs TavianTi adgilmdebareo- Service, gilmdebareobis dadgena daadgilebis bis Sesaxeb Synnex Tvalyurisdevnebis teqnologiebisawarmoebi iZulebuli kompiuteruli qse- operatiuli mowodeba da urezervo Baxter arian qondeT maragebis lebi, eqstraqselebi momaragebis meTodika Internationaldidi moculoba, raTa da monacemTa gac- Wal-Martaicilon deficiti vlis sistemebi

biznes-procesis reinJineringi gavlenas axdens sxvadasxva samuSaoebis Sesrulebaze, TanamSromlebis kvalifikaciaze da calkeul obieqtebs Soris urTierTkavSirze.

procesebis gaumjobeseba da xarisxis totaluri marTva

sawarmos organizaciis saqmianobis efeqturobis gazrdasTan erTad isini xSirad gardaqmnian Tavis biznes-procesebs imisaTvis, rom gazardon warmoebuli produqciisa da momsaxurebis xarisxi. mravali maTgani iyenebs xarisxis totaluri marTvis (Total quality management TQM) koncefcias, raTa xarisxis kontrolis procesSi monawileobdes sawarmos yvela TanamSromeli. xarisxis aseTi marTvis safuZvelia koncefcia, romelic damuSavebulia amerikeli specialistebis edvard demingis da jozef diuranis mier, magram xarisxis marTvis procesma Tavdapirvelad farto gavrceleba pova iaponiaSi. amgvarad, xarisxobrivi gaumjobesebebi ara marto zrdis saqonlisa da momsaxurebis dones, aramed amcirebs sawarmos zednadeb xarjebs.

informaciuli sistemebis gamoyeneba xarisxis marTvisasxarisxis sruli marTvisas warmoebs mudmivi gaumjobesebebisa da ganaxlebebis seria gansxvavebiT imisagan, rom moxdes problemis erTi xelis mosmiT gadawyveta. marTalia xandaxan produqtis xarisxis garkveuli donis misaRwevad saWiroa procesebis sruli gardaqmna. informaciul sistemebs SeuZliaT daxmareba sawarmoo procesebis gamartivebaSi, mza produqtis standartebTan Sesabamisobis dadgenaSi, klientebis moTxovnebiT masSi cvlilebebis SetanaSi, sawarmoo ciklis SemcirebaSi da xarisxis gaumjobesebaSi da daproeqtebisa da warmoebis sizusteSi.

produqtisa da sawarmoo procesis gamartiveba. is mdgomareobs procesis etapebis raodenobis, driTi danaxarjebisa da Secdomebis daSvebis albaTobis SemcirebaSi. amis ganxorcielebis did SesaZleblobebs iZleva Tanamedrove kompiuteruli sistemebi. SedarebiTi testireba. bevrma kompaniam miaRwia warmatebebs Tavisi produqciis xarisxis gaumjobesebaSi mkacri standartebis SemoRebiT da mwarmoeblurobis axal parametrebTan Sesabamisobis SefasebaSi. am proceduras ewodeba SedarebiTi testireba (Benchmarking). sawarmoebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon miRebuli sawarmoo standartebi, sxva kompaniebis mier dadgenili standartebi, Sida an maTi sxvadasxva kombinaciebi. momxmareblebis upiratesobebis gamoyeneba saqonlisa da momsaxurebis xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad. momxmareblebTan muSaobis samsaxuris modernizacia da misi prioritetis gazrda ganapirobebs TviT produqtis xarisxis gazrdas. sawarmoo ciklis Semcireba. procesis dasawyisidan bolomde droiTi Sualedis Semcireba aris Sedegi proceduris etapebis raodenobis Semcirebisa. Semcirebuli cikli gulisxmobs, rom Secdomebis aRmoCena xdeba warmoebis adreul etapebze, mis damTavrebamde, rac mniSvnelovnad amcirebs zednadeb xarjebs. damuSavebis procesis xarisxisa da sizustis gazrda. avtomaturi proeqtirebis sistemebi iZlevian saSualebas gaizardos damuSavebis procesis done biznesis mraval dargSi, avialainerebis awyobidan saparsi britvebis damzadebamde. Tanamedrove programuli uzrunvelyofis daxmarebiT damproeqteblebma miiRes SesaZlebloba moaxdinon obieqtebis sxvadasxva variantebis mravaljeradi testireba manamde, sanam maT CauSveben warmoebaSi. kompiuterebze gamoTvlebis siCqarem da sizustem ganapirobes saboloo produqtis xarisxis mniSvnelovani zrda xeliT daproeqtebasTan SedarebiT. warmoebis sizustis gazrda. bevr SemTxvevaSi xarisxis misaRebi donis miRwevis erTaderTi saSualebaa sawarmoo procesis sizustis gazrda da erTi tipis detalebs Soris ucilobeli gansxvavebebis Semcireba. am dros ramodenime siaxlis Semotanam SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad gazardos saqonlis saimedooba da gamZleoba.

leqcia 14 (#20) 10.3 sistemebis damuSavebis teqnologiebis mimoxilva

gamoyenebis sferosa da gadawyvetadi amocanebisagan damoukideblad axali informaciuli sistemebis Seqmna warmoadgens sawarmos winaSe mdgomi amocanebis gadwyvetis procesis Sedegs. axali informaciuli sistema wyvets garkveuli tipis erT an ramodenime problemas. problema SeiZleba imaSic mdgomareobdes, rom menejerebi an sxva TanamSromlebi Tvlian sawarmos saqmianobas naklebproduqtiulad, an maT SeiZleba CaTvalon, rom droa gamoyenebuli iqnas axali SesaZleblobebi, romlebsac iZleva informaciuli teqnologiebi. procedurebsa da procesebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia gadawyvetis moZebnasTan da realizaciasTan informaciuli sistemis bazaze, uwodeben sistemis damuSavebas (Systems development). is warmoadgens problemis struqturirebuli gadawyvetis variants, romelic Seicavs calkeul mkafiod gamoxatul procedurebs. amaSi Sedis sistemuri analizi, sistemuri proeqtireba, programireba, testireba, xelaxla kodireba, gamoyeneba da momsaxureba.qvemoT moyvanilia sistemis damuSavebis procesi, calkeuli procesebi ganlagebulia Cveulebrivi mimdevrobiT. TviToeuli etapi gulisxmobs sawarmosTan urTierTqmedebas. calkeuli etapebi SeiZleba meordebodes an xorcieldebodes erTdroulad – yvelaferi damokidebulia proeqtirebis procesisadmi midgomaze.

sistemis analizisistemis analizi (Systems analysis) – es aris im problemis analizi, romlis gadawyvetasac cdilobs sawarmo informaciuli sistemis gamoyenebiT. is moicavs problemis formulirebas, misi warmoSobis mizezisa da Sedegebis gamikvleva, gadawyvetis amorCeva da sawarmos informaciuli moTxovnilebebis gansazRvra.

sistemuri analitikosi qmnis sawarmos da arsebuli sistemebis informaciul rukas, sadac miTiTebulia monacemebis ZiriTadi `mwarmoeblebi~ da momxmareblebi. is aseve adgens arsebuli programebisa da mowyobilobebis aRweras. amis Semdeg sistemuri analitikosi detalurad aRwers problemebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia arsebul informaciul sistemebTan. dokumentebis, angariSebisa da procedurebis SeswavliT, sistemis ZiriTadi momxmareblebis gamokiTxviT is gamoyofs ganmsazRvrel problemebs da miznebs, romlebsac isaxavs sawarmo. xSirad gadawyveta moiTxovs axali informaciuli sistemis agebas an Zvelis modernizacias. sistemis analizi moicavs saproeqto gadawyvetis ganxorcielebadobis analizs (Feasibility study), romlis saSualebiTac irkveva, misaRebia Tu ara mocemuli gadawyvetileba finansuri, teqnikuri da organizaciuli TvalsazrisiT. ganxorcielebadobis analiziT ganisazRvreba, aqvs Tu ara azri axal sistemaSi Tanxebis Cadebas, xelmisawvdomia Tu ara sawarmosaTvis teqnologia, romlis bazazec iqmneba axali sistema, SeuZliaT Tu ara sawarmos specialistebs informaciuli sistemis momsaxureba da xomar moitanen sawarmoSi momavali cvlilebebi uaryofiT Sedegebs. Cveulebriv sistemis analizis Sedegi aris ramodenime alternatiuli gadawyveta, romelTa gamoyeneba SeuZlia sawarmos. ganxorcielebadobis analizi utardeba TviToeul alternativas. analizis werilobiTi angariSi Seicavs yvels Rirsebisa da naklovanebis, xarjebisa da mosalodneli mogebis aRweras. mza angariSi egzavneba xelmZRvanelobas, romelic Rebulobs gadawyvetilebas, romeli varianti iqnas amorCeuli realizaciisaTvis.

informaciuli moTxovnilebebis gansazRvrayvelaze rTuli amocana sistemuri analitikosisaTvis aris informaciuli moTxovnilebebis gansazRvra, romelic Seesabameba amorCeul gadawyvetilebas. ZiriTad doneze axali sistemis informaciuli moTxovnilebebi (Information requirements) gulisxmoben imis gansazRvras, Tu vin, sad, rodis da rogor imuSavebs am informaciasTan. am

sistemebis proeqtireba

sistemebis analizi

programi-reba

testireba

konversia

gamoyeneba da

momsaxureba

sawarmo

moTxovnilebebis analizi gansazRvravs axali an modificirebuli sistemis parametrebs da unda Seicavdes im funqciebis detalur aRweras, romelsac Seasrulebs axali sistema. informaciuli moTxovnilebebis analizSi Secdomis daSveba aris mTavari mizezi informaciuli sistemebis Seqmnisa da eqsploataciis warumateblobisa. sistema, romelic Seqmnilia informaciisadmi araswori moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT, an saerTod ar imuSavebs, an dasWirdeba seriozuli modernizacia. bevr SemTxvevebSi axali sistemis Seqmna qmnis sawarmos mTeli biznesis reorganizaciis SesaZleblobas. zogierT problemas ar Wirdeba informaciuli gadawyvetilebebis gamoyeneba, amis magivrad saWiroa marTvis stilis Secvla, personalis swavlebis organizacia an arsebuli procedurebis modernizacia. Tu problema dakavSirebulia informaciasTan, sistemis analizi gamoiyeneba am problemis zusti gansazRvrisaTvis da Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebis moZebnisaTvis.

sistemis proeqtirebasistemis analiziT irkveva, Seesabameba Tu ara is sawarmos informaciul moTxovnilebebs, xolo sistemis proeqtireba (Systems design) iZleva pasuxs imaze, rogor gadawyvets sistema am amocanebs. sistemis proeqti Seicavs yvela specifikacias, romlebic exeba sistemis parametreba da mis struqturas. sistemis damproeqtebeli SeimuSavebs yvela funqciis specifikacias, romelic unda Seasrulos sistemam, da romelic ganisazRvra sistemis analizis procesSi. es dokumentebi unda Seicavdes sistemuri gadawyvetis yvela mmarTvelobiTi, organizaciuli da teqnologiuri komponentebis aRweras. qvemoT cxrilSi mocemulia specifikaciebis yvela tipi, romlebic unda momzaddes axali sistemis proeqtirebisas:

proeqtis specifikaciebi saboloo Sedegi marTva -informaciis matareblebi, garemo -Setanis marTva (simboloebi, SezRudvebi, dasabuTeba) -Sinaarsi -damuSavebis marTva (dakavSirebebi, Canawerebis -droebiTi moTxovnebi mTvlelebi) informaciis Setana -gamotanis marTva (Sedegebi, monacemTa magaliTebi) -warmoSoba -procedurebis marTva (parolebi, specialuri -moculoba formebi) -monacemTa Setana usafrTxoebasamomxmareblo interfeisi -mimarTvis marTvis saSualebebi -simartive -gegmebi avariis SemTxvevaSi -efeqturoba -sakontrolo Jurnalebi -logika dokumentacia -ukukavSiri -operaciuli dokumentacia -Secdomebi -sistemuri dokumentebimonacemTa bazis proeqtireba -samomxmareblo dokumentacia -monacemTa logikuri kavSirebi gadasvlis ganxorcieleba -moculobasTan da siCqaresTan -failebis gadayvana dakavSirebuli moTxovnebi -axali procedurebis inicireba -failuri struqtura -testirebis meTodis arCeva -monacemTa damuSavebis procesebis -axal sistemaze gadasvla aRwera swavlebamonacemTa damuSaveba -swavlebis meTodikis arCeva -gamoTvlebi -saswavlo programebis damuSaveba -programuli modulebi -swavlebisaTvis saWiro mowyobilobebis arCeva -saWiro angariSebi organizaciuli cvlilebebi -gaTvlebis droebiTi parametrebi -amocanebis axali dizainixeliT Sesasrulebeli procedurebi -samuSaoebis gardaqmna -ra keTdeba -procesebis reinJineringi -vin asrulebs -saofise da organizaciuli struqturebis gadawyoba -rodis -obieqtebis qvemdebareoba -rogor da sad

informaciul sistemebs SeiZleba hqondeT sxvadasxva dizaini. TviToeuli maTgani warmoadgens teqnikuri da organizaciuli komponentebis unikalur nakrebs. kargi

sistemuri dizaini gamoirCeva simartiviT, maRali efeqturobiTa da funqcionalurobiT, romlebic pasuxoben yvela moTxovnasa da SezRudvas.

saboloo momxmareblebis rolimomxmareblebis informaciuli moTxovnilebebi aris prioritetuli axali sistemis Seqmnisas. momxmareblebi unda akontrolebdnen proeqtirebis process, raTa darwmunebulebi iyvnen, rom sistema moemsaxureba maT saqmian interesebs da iTvaliswinebs maT saWiroebebs, da ara mxolod teqnikuri personalis interesebs iTvaliswinebs. sistemis proeqtirebis aseTi teqnologia zrdis momxmareblebis axali sistemis cnobis albaTobas, aseve gamoricxavs problemebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia SromiTi koleqtivebis SigniT konfliqtebTan da kompiuteruli wignierebis dabal donesTan. momxmareblebis ignorireba informaciuli sistemebis damuSavebisas aris warumateblobis erT-erTi mTavari mizezi.

informaciuli sistemis Seqmna: damamTavrebeli nabijebi

specifikaciebis damuSavebis procesis bolo etapebze sistemis analizisas miRebuli monacemebi gardaiqmneba mravalfunqcionalur informaciul sistemad. damamTavrebeli etapebi moicavs programirebas, testirebas, monacemebis gadatanas da maT konversias, gaSvebasa da momsaxurebas.

programireba programirebis stadiaze (Programming stage) proeqtirebisas damuSavebuli sistemis specifikaciebi gardaiqmneba programul kodSi. winaswar momzadebuli dokumentaciis safuZvelze iqmneba TviToeuli im programis specifikacia, romelic Sedis informaciul sistemaSi. sawarmoebi weren saWiro programebs TviTon an yiduloben programul paketebs sxvebisagan.

testirebaraTa davrwmundeT, rom sistema iZleva swor Sedegebs, saWiroa detaluri yovelmxrivi testireba (Testing). is iZleva pasuxs kiTxvaze: mogvcems Tu ara sistema Sesabamis pirobebSi saWiro Sedegebs. testireba sakmaod neli procesia: monacemebi unda momzaddes guldasmiT, Sedegebi unda Semowmdes, xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi sistemaSi Setanili unda iqnas Sesabamisi koreqtivebi. xandaxan saWiroa sistemis calkeuli nawilebis gadakeTeba. am etapze Secdomebis gamoCenis albaToba Zalian didia. informaciuli sistemebis testirebis procesi SeiZleba gaiyos sam etapad: calkeuli elementebis testireba, mTeli sistemis testireba da masaRebi gamocdebi. sistemis komponentebis testi (Unit testing) anu programuli kontroli moicavs yvela programis Semowmebas, romlebic Sedis sistemaSi. imis magivrad rom moiZebnos Secdomebi, saWiroa gamovlindes programuli Secdomebi. am dros programis gasworeba ufro advili iqneba. sistemis testirebisas (System testing) mowmdeba mTeli sistemis funqcionireba mTlianad. amasTan cdiloben Seamowmon, calkeuli programuli modulebi imuSaveben Tu ara erTad, da aris Tu ara sxvaoba sistemis dagegmil muSaobasa da realur praqtikas Soris. xdeba iseTi parametrebis testireba, rogoricaa muSaobis siswrafe, informaciis matareblebis tevadoba, sistemis aRdgenadoba, gadatvirTva, xeliT Sesasrulebeli procedurebi, aseve mowmdeba rogor muSaobs sistema maqsimaluri datvirTvisas. misaRebi gamocdebi (Accepance testing) warmoadgens gaSvebisaTvis sistemis saboloo mzadyofnis Semowmebas. testebi mowmdeba momxmareblebis, aseve sawarmos xelmZRvanelobis mier. Tu yvela mxare Tvlis, rom sistema Seesabameba standartebs, is iTvleba mzad instalaciisaTvis.

sistemis Semqmnelebis gundi aTanxmebs momxmareblebTan sistemuri testirebis gegmas (Test plan). masSi Sedis zemoTCamoTvlili yvela testi. qvemoT mocemulia testirebis gegmis magaliTi CanawerebSi cvlilebebis SemowmebisaTvis:

procedura `Canawerebis cvlilebebis nakrebis~adresacia da uzrunvelyofa

testebi nakrebi 2-dan

momzadebulia: TariRi: versia:testis testirebuli specialuri mosalodneli monacemebis Semdegi nomeri pirobebi moTxovnebi Sedegebi gamotana ekrani

2 Canawerebis Secvla 2.1 arsebuli Canaweris ZiriTadi veli araa daSvebuli Secvla2.2 ararsebuli Canawe- sxva velebi Setyobineba

ris Secvla `araswori gasaRebi~2.3 waSlili Canaweris xelmisawvdomi Setyobineba

Secvla unda iyos waS- `waSlilia~ lili Canaweri

2.4 meore Canaweris zemoTmoyvanili Setyobineba `OK~ tranzaqciis V45Seqmna 2.1 cvlileba Tu yvelaferi sworia faili

2.5 Canaweris CarTva Setyobineba `OK~ tranzaqciis V45 Tu yvelaferi sworia faili2.6 gauqmeba gauqmeba 2.5 cvlilebebis gareSe tranzaqciis V45 Sesrulebisas faili

testebis Catarebis ZiriTadi piroba aris gare cvlilebebi. dokumentacia Seicavs testebis ramodenime nakrebs, romelTa uzrunvelyofa xdeba monacemebis eleqtronuli baziT (personalur kompiuterze). konversiakonversia (Conversion) aris Zveli sistemidan axalze gadasvlis procesi. arsebobs oTxi ZiriTadi strategia: paraleluri strategia, pirdapiri gadarTvis strategia, sapiloto da fazuri. paraleluri strategiis (Parallel strategy) gamoyenebisas Zveli da axali sistemebi muSaoben erTdroulad manamde, sanam cxadi ar gaxdeba, rom axali sistema muSaobs sworad. konversiis aseTi xerxi aris Yvelaze usafrTxo, radgan Secdomebisa da Seferxebebis warmoSobisas SeiZleba Zveli sistemis gamoyeneba sarezervod. magram aseTi midgoma moiTxovs mniSvnelovan danaxarjebs da damatebiT personals kidev erTi sistemis momsaxurebisaTvis.

pirdapiri gadarTvis strategiapirdapiri gadarTvis (Direct cutover) strategia gulisxmobs Zveli sistemis srul Secvlas axali sistemiT gansazRvrul dRes. erTi SexedviT es strategia naklebad ZviradRirebuli Cans, vidre paraleluri. magram aseTi midgoma dakavSirebulia did riskTan da man SeiZleba migviyvanos mniSvnelovan danaxarjebTan axal sistemasTan dakavSirebuli seriozuli problemebis warmoSobisas, radgan ar arsebobs saSualeba informaciis sarezervo aRdgenisa.

sapiloto (anu sacdeli) strategiasapiloto (anu sacdeli) strategia (Pilot study) mdgomareobs axali sistemis gamoyenebaSi sawarmos saqmianobis zogierT sferoSi – erT ganyofilebaSi an SromiT koleqtivSi. Tu sistemis sapiloto versia muSaobs normalurad, maSin axali sistema inergeba mTel sawarmoSi erTdroulad an etapobrivad.

fazuri strategia fazuri strategia (Phased approach) mdgomareobs axali sistemis etapobriv danergvaSi (misi zogierTi funqciebis gamoyeneba an eqsploataciaSi gaSveba

mimdevrobiT gayofilebebSi). magaliTad, Tu sistemis funqciebi inergeba mimdevrobiT, saxelfaso uwyisebis damuSavebis axali sistema Tavidan emsaxureba marto TanamSromlebs saaTobrivi anazRaurebiT da mxolod ramodenime Tvis mere imuSavebs is Tanamdebobriv sargoze myof TanamSromlebTan. Ti sistema inergeba obieqtebis mixedviT, is jer dainergeba saTao ofisSi da mxolod Tveebis mere sxva ganyofilebebSi. Zveli sistemidan axalze gadasvla Cveulebriv moiTxovs axal sistemasTan momuSave TanamSromlebis swavlebas. amisaTvis gamoiyeneba dawvrilebiTi dokumentacia, romlis Seqmnac mTavrdeba konversiis procesSi. arasakmarisi an uxarisxo swavleba, arasruli dokumentacia iwvevs sistemasTan muSaobaSi seriozul Secdomebs, ris gamoc personalis swavlebis etapi Zalian mniSvnelovania.

eqsploatacia da teqnikuri momsaxureba axali sistemis dayenebisa da konversiis Semdeg iwyeba misi eqsploatacia (Production). am etapze xdeba sistemis muSaobis Semowmeba momxmareblebisa da teqnikuri personalis mier imaze, Seesabameba Tu ara sistema sawarmos miznebs da saWiroa Tu ara masSi raime cvlilebebis Setana. cvlilebebis Setanas mowyobilobebSi, programul uzrunvelyofaSi, dokumentaciaSi an Secdomebis koreqciis an sistemis muSaobis efeqturobis gazrdis procedurebSi uwodeben teqnikur momsaxurebas (Maintenance) . sistemis regularuli momsaxureba moiTxovs TviToeuli saxis samuSaoze droiTi danaxarjebis Sefasebas. drois daaxloebiT 20% ixarjeba programuli kodis gamarTvaze an saeqsploatacio problemebis mogvarebaze. kidev 20% midis cvlilebebis SetanaSi monacemebSi, failebSi, angariSebSi, mowyobilobebsa da sistemur programebSi. danarCeni dro midis samomxmareblo interfeisis da dokumentaciis gaumjobesebaze, sistemis zogierTi komponentebis modernizaciasa da gauqmebaze, rac zrdis misi muSaobis efeqturobas. momsaxurebaze samuSaoebis moculoba SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad Semcirdes guldasmiTi sistemuri analizisa da proeqtirebis Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT. qvemoT cxrilSi moyvanilia sistemis damuSavebis yvela ZiriTadi moqmedebebi:

informaciuli sistemis agebaZiriTadi procesebi aRwera

sistemis analizi problemebis gansazRvra gadawyvetis amorCeva informaciuli moTxovnilebebis Sefasebasistemis proeqtireba saproeqto specifikaciebis Seqmnaprogramireba saproeqto specifikaciebis gadayvana programul kodSitestireba blokuri testireba sistemuri testireba misaRebi gamocdebikonversia gegmiuri konversia dokumentaciis momzadeba momxmareblebisa da teqnikuri personalis swavlebaeqsploatacia da teqnikuri muSaoba sistemasTanmomsaxureba sistemis funqcionirebis Semowmeba aucilebeli Sesworebebis Setana

leqcia 14 (#20) 10.4 alternatiuli midgomebi informaciuli sistemis agebisadmi

sistemebi gansxvavdebian zomebiT, teqnikuri sirTuliT, aseve organizaciuli problemebis tipiT, romelic dakavSirebulia maT Seqmnasa da eqsploataciasTan. radgan arsebobs sxvadasxva tipis sistemebi, maT Sesaqmnelad gamoiyeneba

sxvadasxva meTodikebi. Cven ganvixilavT sistemebis Seqmnis teqnologiis yvela ZiriTad elements: sistemis tradiciuli sasicocxlo cikli, prototipis Seqmna, gamoyenebiTi programebis paketebi, damuSaveba saboloo momxmareblebis da gareSe organizaciebis monawileobiT.

sistemis sasicocxlo cikli

sistemis sasicocxlo cikli (Systems lifecycle) aris informaciuli sistemebis agebis uZvelesi meTodi da dResdReobiT gamoiyeneba mxolod saSualo da didi masStabis rtuli proeqtebis ganxorcielebisas. es procesi moicavs eqvs etaps: 1) proeqtis momzadeba 2) sistemis gamokvleva 3) proeqtireba 4) programireba 5) instalacia 6) eqsploatacia da sistemis aTviseba. TviToeuli etapi moicavs ramodenime process:

stadiebi proeqtis dasruleba angariSi proeqtis Sesaxeb winadadebiT angariSi sistemis Sesaxeb winadadebiT

proeqtis specifikacia

specifikacia programa-kodi

sistemis mwarmoebluro- bis testebi

dayenebis Semdgomi auditi

operaciebietapi 1 etapi 2 etapi 3 etapi 4proeqtis proeqtze proeqtis gadawyvetilebebiSesrulebis gadawyvetilebis specifikaciis warmoebazedawyeba miReba damuSaveba

weli 1 weli 2 3-8 weli

mocemuli meTodika gulisxmobs Sromis zust ganawilebas saboloo momxamreblebsa da informaciuli sistemebis specialistebs Soris. teqnikuri specialistebi, rogoricaa sistemuri analitikosebi da programistebi, pasuxs ageben ZiriTadi sistemuri analizis Catarebaze, proeqtirebaze da sistemis danergvaze. momxmareblebi gansazRvraven sawarmos informaciul moTxovnilebebs da afaseben teqnikuri personalis muSaobas.

sistemis sasicocxlo ciklis etapebiproeqtis gansazRvris (Project definition) etapi saSualebas iZleva Camoyalibdes sawarmos problemebi, romlebic SeiZleba gadawydes axali sainformacio sistemis SeqmniT an Zvelis modificirebiT. sistemuri gamokvlevis (Systems study) etapze xdeba im problemebis analizi, romlebic ukavSirdeba arsebul sistemebs, da fasdeba maTi gadawyvetis sxvadasxva variantebi. am etapze miRebuli informaciis udidesi

proeqtis gansazRvra

sistemebis Seswavla

proeqtireba

programireba

sistemis dayeneba

dayenebis Semdgom

nawili gamoiyeneba im moTxovnebis gansasazRvravad, romelic waeyeneba sistemas. proeqtirebis (Design) stadiaze muSavdeba specifikaciebi amorCeuli gadawyvetilebisaTvis. programirebis (Programming) etapi mdgomareobs wina etapze gansazRvruli proeqtis specifikaciebis transliaciaSi programul kodSi. sistemuri analitikosebi programistebTan erTad amzadeben specifikaciebs sistemaSi Semavali TviToeuli programisaTvis. instalacia (dayeneba, Installation) moicavs sam process, romlebic win uZRvis sistemis gaSvebas: testireba, personalis swavleba da konversia. Semdeg eqsploataciisa da aTvisebis (Postimplementation) etapze mowmdeba sistemis funqcionireba, momxmareblebi da teqnikuri specialistebi gansazRvraven garkveuli modifikaciebisa da koreqtirebebis Setanis aucileblobas. mas semdeg, rac sistema sabolood aris awyobili, mas Wirdeba mudmivi teqnikuri momsaxureba muSaobaSi warmoqmnili Secdomebis gasasworeblad an gadawyoba sawarmos axal moTxovnebTan SesabamisobisaTvis, aseve muSaobis efeqturobis gasazrdelad. rac ufro meti dro gadis, teqnikuri momsaxureba sul ufro met drosa da xarjebs moiTxovs – sistemis sasicocxlo cikli mTavrdeba. ciklis damTavrebis Semdeg sawarmo nergavs axal sistemas da yvelaferi Tavidan iwyeba.

sistemis sasicocxlo ciklis meTodologiis SezRudvebiaseTi midgoma jer kidev gamoiyeneba farTomasStabiani rTuli sistemebis Seqmnisas, romlebic moiTxoven zust winaswar analizs, zust specifikaciebsa da damuSavebisa da danergvis mTeli procesis kontrols. marTalia, sasicocxlo ciklis meTodikas axasiaTebs didi danaxarjebi, Wirdeba drois didi danaxarjebi da ar gamoirCeva moqnilobiT. saWiro xdeba mravali axali dokumentis Seqmna, xolo bevri procesis meordeba isev da isev, sanam sistema ar daakmayofilebs yvela pirobas. amis gamo Semqmnelebis umravlesoba cdilobs ar Seitanon cvlilebebi proeqtirebis dasawyisSi Seqmnil specifikaciebSi, raTa yvelafris Tavidan dawyeba ar gaxdes saWiro. mocemuli midgoma ar varga mcire samagido sistemebisaTvis, romlebic Tavisi bunebiT ufro individualizebulia, anu gaTvaliswinebulia garkveul momxmarebelze.

prototipis Seqmna

prototipis Seqmna (Prototyping) mdgomareobs eqsperimentaluri sistemis damuSavebaSi, romlis Sefasebac SeuZliaT momxmareblebs da romelic ar moiTxovs did danaxarjebs. aseT sademonstracio versiasTan muSaobis Semdeg momxmareblebs SeuZliaT ukeT gansazRvron Tavisi informaciuli moTxovnilebebi. momxmareblebis mier mowonebuli prototipi SeiZleba gaxdes Sabloni sruli sistemis Sesaqmnelad. prototipi (Prototype) aris informaciuli sistemis an misi nawilis muSa versia, magram is ar aris mxolod winaswari modeli. pirveli gaSvebis Semdeg prototipi icvleba da umjobesdeba manamde, sanam is ar gaxdeba yvela samomxmareblo moTxovnis Sesabamisi. mas Semdeg, rodesac prototipi miiRebs dasrulebul saxes, is konvertirdeba muSa sistemaSi. prototipis Seqmnis process, misi testirebas, gaumjobesebas da xelaxal testirebas uwodeben sistemis damuSavetis iteraciul (Iterative) process, radgan misi calkeuli etapebi mravaljerad meordeba. am meTodikis gamoyenebisas sistema ganicdis ufro mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs, vidre wina meTodikis dros. am dros sistemis modifikaciis daugegmavi samuSaoebi icvleba dagegmili iteraciebiT, amasTan yoveli Semdgomi versia ufro srulad asaxavs momxmareblebis moTxovnilebebs.

prototipis Seqmna: procesis etapebi qvemoT suraTze mocemulia prototipis Seqmnis procesi, romelic 4 etapisagan (nabijisagan) Sedgeba:

nabiji 1

nabiji 2

nabiji 3

ki

ara

nabiji 4

nabiji 1: ZiriTadi samomxmareblo moTxovnebis gansazRvra. sistemis damproeqtebeli muSaobs momxmarebelTan erTad manamde, sanam ar gairkveva ukanasknelis moTxovnilebebi. nabiji 2: sawyisi prototipis damuSaveba. damaproeqtebeli qmnis muSa models, gamoiyenebs ra axali Taobis programul uzrunvelyofas, multimediur programebs an avtomatizirebuli daproeqtebis sistemebs. nabiji 3: prototipTan muSaoba. momxmarebeli afasebs sistemis muSaobas da iZleva rekomendaciebs misi gaumjobesebisaTvis. nabiji 4: prototipis gasworeba da gaumjobeseba. damproeqtebeli anxorcielebs momxmareblebis yvela moTxovnebs. cvlilebebis Setanisa da Secdomebis gasworebis Semdeg procesi brundeba me-3 nabijze. me-3 da me-4 nabijebi meordeba manamde, sanam momxmarebeli srulad ar dakmayofildeba. rodesac iteraciebi mTavrdeba, modeli xdeba samuSao prototipi, romlis safuZvelzec dgeba sistemis saboloo specifikaciebi. xandaxan aseTi prototipi gamoiyeneba rogorc sainformacio sistemis samuSao versia.

prototipis gamoyeneba: Rirsebebi da naklovanebebiprototipis Seqmna mizanSewonilia im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac ucnobia momxmareblebis moTxovnebi an ar aris gamomuSavebeli mkafio gadawyvetileba. es meTodika gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa informaciuli sistemebis samomxmareblo interfeisebis (End-user interface, informaciuli sistemis nawili, romlis daxmarebiTac xorcieldeba momxmarebelTan kontaqti) damuSavebisas. sistemis proeqtirebis procesSi momxmareblebis CarTvis wyalobiT is ukeTesad pasuxobs sawarmos moTxovnilebebs. prototipis swrafma Seqmnam SeiZleba Seqmnas iluzia, rom saWiro ar aris sistemebis damuSavebis zogierTi mniSvnelovani etapi. Tu damTavrebuli modeli muSaobs normalurad, sawarmos xelmZRvanelobas SeiZleba gadawyvitos, rom iseTi procesebi, rogoricaa programireba, sistemis rekonstruqcia da detaluri dokumentaciis Seqmna mniSvnelovan rols ar asruleben srulyofili sistemis

sabazo moTxovnebis identifikacia

muSa prototipis

damuSaveba

prototipisgamoyeneba

kmayofiliaTu ara mom-

xmarebeli

muSaprototipi

prototipisgadasinjva dagaumjobeseba

SeqmnaSi. magram praqtika aCvenebs, rom zogierTi mokle droSi Seqmnili sistema ver amuSavebs monacemebis did raodenobas, an ver uzrunvelyofs bevri momxmareblis erTdroul muSaobas.

gamoyenebiTi programebis paketebi

informaciuli sistemebi SeiZleba Seiqmnas specialuri gamoyenebiTi programebis paketebis (Application software package) daxmarebiT. arsebobs mravali procesi, romelic erTnairia umravlesoba sawarmoebisaTvis, magaliTad sagadasaxado angariS-faqturebis damuSaveba. aseTi procesebis avtomatizaciisaTvis arsebobs universaluri programuli kompleqsebi, romlebic akmayofileben praqtikulad yvela sawarmos moTxovnebs. am SemTxvevebSi sawarmos SeuZlia ar daweros sakuTari programebi, gaakeTos droisa da fulis ekonomia da gamoiyenos ukve damuSavebuli, awyobili da testirebuli programebi. amgvari paketebis mwarmoeblebi uzrunvelyofen mimdinare momsaxurebas da regularulad anaxleben maT. Tu sawarmos moTxovnilebebi imdenad originaluria, rom maT ar Seesabameba arcerTi programebis paketi, SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas awyobis (Customization) SesaZleblobebi, romlebsac Seicavs Tanamedrove programuli uzrunvelyofis umravlesoba. aseTi awyoba saSualebas iZleva moxdes paketis iseTi modifikacia, rom is Seesabamebodes sawarmos saWiroebebs, Tanac ar dairTves misi mTlianoba da funqcionaluroba. Tu mosalodnelia mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi, maSin xelaxla daprogramebisa da awyobis damatebiTi samuSaoebi SeiZleba dajdes Zalian Zviri da moiTxovos didi dro, ris gamoc ganeitraldeba mocemuli programebis paketis upiratesobebi. qvemoT naCvenebia rogor izrdeba paketis fasis Sefardeba misi danergvix RirebulebasTan paketis awyobis saWiroebis zrdasTan erTad:

1 2 3 4 5 (gadawyobis moculoba, kodis Secvlili striqonebis wili, %)

paketis sawyisi fasi praqtikaSi SeiZleba ar Seesabamebodes sinamdviles, radgan masSi ar aris gaTvaliwinebuli faruli xarjebi awyobasa da danergvaze. programuli paketis amorCevaTu axali informaciuli sistemis damuSaveba xdeba gareSe mwarmoeblisagan SeZenili programuli paketis saSualebiT, sistemurma analitikosebma unda Seafason sxvadasxva programebis gamoyenebis variantebi. Sefasebis umTavresi kriteriumebia paketis funqcionaluroba, moqniloba, interfeisis siadvile, saWiro resursebi, moTxovnebi monacemTa bazebis mimarT, dayenebisa da momsaxurebis sirTule, dokumentaciis sisrule, mwarmoeblis reputacia da fasi. paketis Sefaseba xdeba winadadebebze SekiTxvis (Request for proposal – RFP) safuZvelze, SekiTxvebis dawvrilebiTi siis gamoyenebiT, romelic egzavneba mwarmoebels an momwodebels. rodesac programuli paketi SerCeulia, sawarmo ukve mtlianad ver akontrolebs proeqtirebis process. sistemuri specifikaciebis momxamreblebis moTxovnebTan

1110 9 8 7 6 5 4 3

rea-li-za-ciis

sru-li

Rire-bule-ba

Sesabamebis magier damproeqteblebi cdiloben momxmareblebis saWiroebebi Seusabamon amorCeuli programis SesaZleblobebs. Tu sawarmos saWiroebebi konfliqtSi modis Sesyiduli programebis muSaobis principebTan, maSin saWiroa an moxdes programuli paketis adaptacia, an Seicvalos TviT sawarmos biznes-procesebi.

damuSaveba saboloo momxmareblebis mier

zogierTi tipis informaciuli sistemebi SeiZleba damuSavdes saboloo momxmareblebis mier teqnikuri specialistebis mcire monawileobiT. amas uwodeben damuSavebas saboloo momxmareblebis mier ((End-user development). meoTxe Taobis programirebis enebis, grafikuli enebis da personaluri kompiuterebis specialuri utilitebis gamoyenebiT momxmareblebs SeuZliaT monacemebiT manipulireba, angariSebis Seqmna da TviT srulfasovani informaciuli sistemebis formirebac ki sakuTari gamoyenebisaTvis, amasTan maT yovelTvis ar sWirdebaT profesionali sistemuri analitikosebisa da programistebis daxmareba. aseTnairad sistemebi xSirad ufro male iqmneba, vidre standartuli meTodebiT. qvemoT mocemulia momxmareblebis mier sistemis damuSavebis procesi:

tradiciuli sistemebis damuSaveba (sasicocxlo cikli)

marTva umaR- lesi an sa- proeqtireba programireba testirebaSualo rgo-lis doneze kvireebi an Tveebi

damuSaveba saboloo momxmareblebis mier

marTva maRali an saSualo rgolis doneze

wuTebi an dReebisaboloo momxmareblebis mier damuSavebis Rirsebebi da naklovanebebimravali organizaciis monacemebiT meoTxe Taobis programuli uzrunvelyofis gamoyenebis xarjze infromaciuli sistemebis damuSavebis efeqturoba izrdeba 3-5-jer. magram meoTxe Taobis programuli uzrunvelyofa ver cvlis saqmiani programebis Seqmnis zogierT standartul utilitas, radgan maTi gamoyenebiT SeuZlebelia Seiqmnas rTuli sistemebi, romlebic Seicaven funqciebisa da zednaSenebis did simravleebs. momxmareblebis gaTvlebic dakavSirebulia riskTan, radgan isini SeuTavsebelia informaciuli sistemebis kontrolisa da marTvis standartul meqanizmebTan. roca sistema iqmneba daCqarebuli tempiT, standartuli procedurebis gamoyenebis gareSe, yovelTvis araa SesaZlebeli momzaddes amomwuravi informacia an Catardes yovelmxrivi testireba. rodesac momxmareblebi qmnian sakuTar gamoyenebebsa da failebs, xSirad Znelia maTi mdebareobis gansazRvra da informaciis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa sawarmos yvela wevrisaTvis.

personali informaciulisistemebis marTva

sistemurianalitikosi programisti

personali

saboloo momxmareblis gamoTvliTi instrumentebi SekiTxvebis ena grafikuli enebi angariSebis generatori gamoyenebebis generatori umaRlesi donis enebi personaluri kompiuteris instrumentebi

damuSavebis marTva saboloo momxmareblebis mierraTa uzrunvelyofili iqnas maqsimaluri sargeblianoba saboloo momxmareblebis mier damuSavebis teqnologiis gamoyenebisas, sawarmos xelmZRvanelobam unda gaakontrolos es procesi samomxmareblo proeqtebze danaxarjebis dasabuTebebis Seswavlis, damproeqteblebis saWiro mowyobilobebiTa da programuli uzrunvelyofiT momaragebis gziT, aseve mza gamoyenebebze xarisxis standartebis dawesebiT. rodesac momxmareblebis mier Seqmnili damuSavebebi popularuli xdeba, sawarmoebma unda gamoiyenon sainformacio centrebi mowyobilobebisa da programuli uzrunvelyofis standartebis Sesaqmnelad, raTa erTi sawarmos TanamSromlebma Tavis muSaobaSi ar gamoiyenon sxvadasxva SeuTavsebeli teqnologiebi. sinformacio centri (Information center) warmoadgens specialur ganyofilebas, sadac teqnikuri specialistebi Sesabamisi mowyobilobebisa da programuli uzrunvelyofis gamoyenebiT awarmoeben momxmareblebis swavlebasa da konsultirebas sakuTari sainformacio sistemebis Seqmnis sakiTxebze. sainformacio centrebis roli TandaTan mcirdeba momxmareblebis kompiuteruli wignierebis zrdasTan erTad, magram sawarmoebs mainc WirdebaT saboloo momxmareblebis proeqtebis kontroli da marTva.

damuSaveba gareSe organizaciebis monawileobiT

Tu sawarmos ar unda informaciuli sistemebis Sesaqmnelad an misi marTvisaTvis Sida resursebis gamoyeneba, mas SeuZlia gamoiyenos gareSe organizaciis momsaxureba, romlis specializaciaa aseTi samuSaoebis Sesruleba. sxvisi kompiuteruli centrebis, eleqtronuli qselebis gamoyeneba da gamoyenebebis damuSaveba gareSe mwarmoeblebis mier iwodeba damuSavebad gareSe organizaciebis mier (outsourcing). kompania-klientebi iyeneben gareSe momwodeblebis programul uzrunvelyofasa da kompiuterul mowyobilobebs sakuTari sistemebis teqnikuri platformis saxiT. autosorsingis sxva saxe mdgomareobs sawarmos programuli uzrunvelyofis SeqmnaSi gare mwarmoeblis mier, magram sawarmo imuSavebs informaciul sistemasTan Tavis kompiuterebze. magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT web-resursis Seqmna autosorsingis safuZvelze. autosorsingma miiRo farTo gavrceleba, radgan mravali sawarmo Tvlis, rom aseTi teqnologia zogavs saxsrebs, romlebic Wirdeba sakuTari informaciuli centrisa da teqnikuri personalis Senaxvas. autosorsingi saSualebas aZlevs sawarmoebs, romlebsac aqvT kompiuteruli gaTvlebis perioduli saWiroeba, gadaixados mxolod saWiro gaTvlebSi da ar ixados mudmivad sakuTari sainformacio ganyofilebebis arsebobisas. zogierTi sawarmo mimarTavs am xerxs imitomac, rom mis sakuTar teqnikur personals ar SeuZlia imuSaos yvela Tanamedrove teqnologiasTan, an imitom, rom mas unda gamoiyenos Tavisi maRalanazRaurebadi specialistebi maqsimaluri efeqtiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom yvela organizacia ver axerxebs gamoiyenos autosorsingis upiratesobebi, isini awydebian seriozul siZneleebs araswori midgomisa da procesis araswori marTvis gamo. rodesac sawarmo sakuTari sistemebis damuSavebaze da momsaxurebaze pasuxismgeblobas gadascems sxvas, man SeiZleba dakargos kontroli am sistemebis funqciebis did nawilze. Tu mas kontraqtebis dadebis kargi gamocdileba ara aqvs, igi SeiZleba gaxdes damokidebuli sxvebze, rac iwvevs did xarjebs da teqnologiur procesebze kontrolis dakargvas. sawarmoebi frTxilad unda miudgnen partniorebis amorCevas da aucileblad SeinarCunon sistemebze kontroli TviTon. qvemoT cxrilSi moyvanilia informaciuli sistemebis Seqmnisadmi sxvadasxva midgomebis Rirsebebi da naklovanebani:

informaciuli sistemebis Seqmnisadmi sxvadasxva midgomebis Sedareba meTodika SesaZleblobebi Rirsebebi naklovanebebisistemis sasicoc- -mkafiod gansazRvruli -didmasStabiani rTuli -neli da ZviradRire-

xlo cikli TandaTanobiTi procesi sistemebis Seqmnis buli -werilobiTi specifika- Seucvleli meTodika -Znelia raimes Secvla ciebi da dadasturebebi damuSavebis procesSi -momxmareblebis SezRu- -qaRaldebTan dakavSi- duli roli rebuli muSaobis didi moculoba prototipis -moTxovnebi mudmivad -swrafad da mcire -ar varga rTuli daSeqmna icvleba sistemis dax- danaxarjebiT didi sistemebisaTvis vewasTan erTad -mosaxerxebelia gamovi- -yovelTvis jerovani -swrafi iteraciuli yenoT, rodesac winaswar yuradReba ar eTmoba procesi araa gansazRvruli yvela sistemur analizs, -momxmareblebs mudmivi moTxovna da mniSvnelova- dokumentebis momza- urTierTqmedeba aqvT nia momxmareblis inter- debasa da testire- sistemasTan feisis moxerxebuloba bas -gulisxmobs momxmareble- bis monawileobas damu- SavebaSi gamoyenebiTi -komerciuli programu- -mcirdeba proeqtirebis, -yovelTvis ar miiR-programebis li uzrunvelyofis programirebis, instala- weva Sesabamisobapaketebis gamoyenebis wyalobiT ciisa da momsaxurebis yvela organizaciulgamoyeneba aRar aris aucileblo- samuSaoTa moculoba moTxovnebTan ba sakuTari programe- -xdeba droisa da Tanxe- -yvela funqciebi ar bis SeqmnaSi bis ekonomia standartu- muSaobs erTnairad li gamoyenebebis Seqmnaze kargad -mcirdeba resursebis sa -seriozuli awyoba Wiroeba sakuTari infor- moiTxovs did maciuli sistemebisaTvis danaxarjebsdamuSaveba -gamoiyeneba meoTxe Taobis -momxmareblebi akontro- -SeiZleba migviyvanossaboloo programuli uzrunvelyofa leben damuSavebis pro- sistemebisa da mo-momxmareblebis -swrafi da daZabvis saWiro- cess nacemebis arakon-mier ebis armqone teqnologia -xdeba droisa da dana- trolirebad ganvi- -teqnikuri specialistebis xarjebis ekonomia TarebasTan minimaluri monawileoba -dausrulebeli rCeba -sistemebi yovelTvis davalebebis naklebi ar Seesabamebian xa- raodenoba risxis standartebsautsorsingi -sistemebi iqmneba da (xan- -SesaZleblobas iZleva -kontrolis dakargva daxan) momsaxureba gaewe- Semcirdes danaxarjebi informaciul siste- vaT gareSe kompaniis mier -SesaZleblobas iZleva maze Seiqmnas sistemebi -damokidebuleba ga- Sida resursebis ukma- reSe organizaciaze risobisas

programuli uzrunvelyofis damuSavebis obieqtze orientirebuli teqnologia da gamoyenebebis swrafi damuSaveba (RAD)

obieqtze orientirebuli programireba moicavs monacemebsa da specifikur procedurebs, romlebic operireben am monacemebiT calkeuli obieqtis SigniT. obieqtze orientirebuli programireba aris sistemebis damuSavebis ufro farTo teqnologiis nawili, romelac ewodeba obieqtze orientirebuli damuSaveba (Object-oriented software development). is gansxvavdeba tradiciuli meTodikebisagan imiT, rom masSi ZiriTadi aqcenti keTdeba ara calkeuli biznes-procesebis modelirebaze, aramed monacemebisa da procedurebis kombinirebaze unificirebul obieqtebSi. sistema warmoidgineba klasebisa da obieqtebis nakrebis saxiT, romlebic dakavSirebulia erTmaneTTan. obieqtebi ganisazRvreba, programirdeba, dokumentirdeba da Semdeg inaxeba Semdgomi gamoyenebebis `samSeneblo agurebis~ saxiT. marTalia sistemebis obieqtze-orientirebuli modelebi yovelTvis araa ufro mosaxerxebeli, vidre procesze-orientirebuli, mravali sawarmo mainc maT gamoiyenebs im angariSiT, rom maT safuZvelze SeiZleba Seiqmnas ufro moqnili da martivi informaciuli sistemebi. yvela obieqti SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas mravaljeradad, ris xarjzec sawarmo iRebs droisa da danaxarjebis arc Tu cota ekonomias, iyenebs ra maT samSeneblo blokebis saxiT Tavisi informaciuli sistemisa da sxva gamoyenebebisaTvis. axali

sistemebi SeiZleba Seiqmnas ukve arsebuli obieqtebisagan (zogierTis modificireba gaxdeba saWiro), romlebsac daemateba ramodenime axali. obieqtze orientirebuli damuSaveba Zalian mosaxerxebelia internet-gamoyenebebis Sesaqmnelad. cxadia, sawarmo ver dainaxavs mogebas obieqtebis xelaxla gamoyenebisagan manamde, sanam is ar Seqmnis an SeiZens aseTi obieqtebis mTel biblioTekas. obieqtze orientirebuli struqturebi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnan gamoyeneba-`naxevarfabrikatebis~ saxiT, romlebasc sawarmo gardaqmnis dasrulebul sistemebad. marTalia, aseT SemTxvevebSi informaciuli sistemebis specialistebs mouxdebaT Seiswavlon principulad axali midgoma sistemebis modelirebisadmi. proeqtirebis axal meTodikaze gadasvlam SeiZleba moiTxovos seriozuli investiciebi da cvlilebebi sawarmoSi.

gamoyenebebis swrafi damuSavebautilitebi obieqtze orientirebuli programirebisaTvis, xelmeore gamoyenebis SesaZleblobis mqone obieqtebi, meoTxe Taobis prototipebi da programebi SesaZleblobas aZleven damproeqteblebs Seqmnan mravalfunqcionaluri sistemebi gacilebiT swrafad, vidre tradiciuli meTodebisa da standartuli programebis gamoyenebisas. momuSave sistemis mokle droSi Seqmnis procesis aRsawerad gamoiyeneba termini gamoyenebebis swrafi damuSaveba (Rapid application development – RAD). is moicavs vizualuri programirebis gamoyenebasa da sxva instrumentebs grafikuli samomxmareblo interfeisis Sesaqmnelad, sistemis ZiriTad elementebis arsebiTi prototipebis Sesaqmnelad, programuli kodis avtomatur generacias da saboloo momxmareblebisa da teqnikuri specialistebis erTobliv muSaobas. martivi sistemebi SeiZleba Seiqmnas mza komponentebis ubralo awyobiT. marTalia, swrafi damuSavebis teqnologiis gamoyenebiT sistemebi SeiZleba Seiqmnas Zalian mokle vadebSi, damproeqteblebi yuradRebiT unda moepyran sawarmos moTxovnilebebis gansazRvras da dagegmvis procesebs, raTa sistemas SeeZlos xangrZlivi vadiT muSaoba. xandaxan sistemis mimarT informaciuli moTxovnebis formirebis da sawyisi eskizis Seqmnis dasaCqareblad iyeneben teqnologias dasaxelebiT gamoyenebebis erToblivi damuSaveba (Joint application design – JAD). am dros momavali sistemis momxmareblebi da teqnikuri specialistebi erTad ganixilaven sistemis dizainis ZiriTad momentebs. swori midgomisas aseti meTodika mniSvnelovnad aCqarebs proeqtirebis process. gamoyenebebis damuSaveba kiberkorporaciebisaTvis eleqtronuli komercia, eleqtronuli biznesi da kiberkorporaciebis ricxvis zrda axal amocanebs ayenebs informaciuli sistemebis Semqmnelebis winaSe. Cvens droSi biznesis warmoebis teqnologiebi da pirobebi ise swrafad icvleba, rom moqniloba xdeba sistemis warmatebis mTavari faqtori da warmoadgens aseTi sistemebis Semqmnelebis ZiriTad mizans. sawarmoebs WirdebaT mravaljeradi gamoyenebis programuli komponentebi, romlebic SeiZleba swrafad iqnas modificirebili da gadawyobili, raTa swrafad moxdes reagireba axal SesaZleblobebze. zogierTi sawarmoebi, raTa darCnen konkurentunarianebi, qmnian informaciul sistemebs da sxva gamoyenebebs ramodenime kviraSi an TveSi. adre sistemis damuSaveba efuZneboda formalur dokumentebs, romlebic Seicavdnen funqcionalur specifikaciebs, romlebic Semdeg muSavdeboda damproeqteblebis gundis mier. alternatiuli midgomiT gamoyenebis damuSavebis procesi xdeba iteraciuli, masSi aqtiur monawileobas iReben saboloo momxmareblebi, xilo dokumentaciis moculoba minimumamde dadis. tradiciuli meTodebi ar iyeneben axal SesaZleblobebs, romlebic Seqmna internetma, gansakuTrebiT klientebisa da serverebis simravlis sxvadasxva operaciul sistemebTan dakavSirebis sferoSi, iqmneba ra amgvarad tranzaqciebis damuSavebis urTulesi sistemebi, aseve SesaZleblobas klientebma da momwodeblebma gaakontrolon zogierTi bizness-procesebi.

sawarmoebma moaxdines Tavisi yuradRebis koncentracia swraf teqnologiebze, rogoricaa gamoyenebebis erToblivi damuSaveba an standartuli programuli komponentebis gamoyeneba sistemebis Sesaqmnelad. eleqtronuli komercia da eleqtronuli biznesi moiTxoven detalur sistemur dagegmvasa da analizs, aseve yuradRebis miqcevas imaze, rom dres biznes-procesebi SeiZleba gafarTovdes sawarmos sazRvrebs gareT. firmebi ukve aRar gegmaven da ar awarmoeben Tavis bizness marto, radgan isini amyareben eleqtronul kavSirebs momwodeblebTan, distributorebTan da SemkveTebTan. sawarmos biznes-procesebi xSirad integrirdeba klientebisa da momwodeblebis procesebTan. gamoyenebebis damuSaveba kiberkorporaciebisaTvis gulisxmobs seriozuli cvlilebebis Setanas biznes-procesebsa da mowyobilobebSi, radgan informaciuli sistemebi Zalian swrafad Zveldebian. damuSavebis Zveli meTodikebi efuZnebodnen imas, rom sistemebi ganixileboda ufro statikuri struqturebis saxiT. Cvens droSi sawarmoebi unda amatebdnen, cvlidnen da auqmebdnen Tavis teqnologiur funqciebs Zalian swrafad. axali procesebi, romlebic saSualebas iZlevian moxdes gamoyenebebisa da informaciuli infrastruqturebis mudmivi srulyofa, xdebian organulad aucilebeli warmatebuli biznesis sawarmoeblad.

marTvis safuZvlebimenejmenti. informaciuli sistemis Seqmnis meTodikis arCeva mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs sawarmos momaval droiT da finansur danaxarjebs. xelmZRvanelebma unda icodnen daproeqtebis amorCeuli teqnologiis yvela Rirsebisa da naklovanebis Sesaxeb da icnobdnen im problemebs, romlebsac isini Sexvdebian.sawarmo. sistemis proeqtirebisadmi midgoma damokidebulia sawarmos saWiroebebze. gamoyenebiTi programebis paketebisa da autosorsingis gamoyenebis mizanSewoniloba winaswar unda iyos gansazRvruli, sanam sawarmos daukargavs kontroli sistemis Seqmnis procesze. teqnologiuri gadawyvetilebebi unda moicavdes konkretili teqnologiis codnas TanamSromlebis mier da mis Sesabamisobas sawarmos informaciul moTxovnilebebTan, informaciul infrastruqturasTan da arqiteqturasTan.