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1. I Ching

2. The Old Testament

3. Homer, The Illiad, The Odyssey

4. Upanishads

5. Tao Te Ching

6. Zend Avesta

7. Confucius, The Analects

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8. Thucydides, History Peloponnesian War

9. Hippocrates, Oath, Works

10. Aristotle, Organon

11. Herodotus, History

12. Plato, The Republic

13. Euclid, Elements

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14. The Dhammapada

15. Vigil, Aeneid

16. Lucretius, On the Nature of Things

17. Philo, Allegorical Interpretations

18. The New Testament

19. Plutarch, Parallel Lives

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20. Tacitus, Histories

21. Gospel of Truth

22. Marcus Aurelius, Meditations

23. Sextus Empiricus, Pyrrhonism

24. Plotinus, The Enneads

25. St. Augustine, Confessions

8/3/2019 Influential Books (100)

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26. The Koran

27. Maimonides, Guide for the Perplexed

28. The Kabbalah

29. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica

30. Dante, Divine Comedy

31. Erasmus, In Praise of Folly

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32. Machiavelli, The Prince

33. Martin Luther, Reformation

34. Rabelais, Gargantua, Pantagruel

35. Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion

36. Copernicus, Revolution of Celestial Orbs

37. Montaigne, Essays

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38. Cervante, Don Quixote

39. Kepler, Harmony of the World

40. Francis Bacon, Novum Organum

41. Shakespeare, Works

42. Galileo, Two Systems

43. Descartes, The Method

44. Hobbes, Leviathan

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45. Leibniz, Works

46. Pascal, Pensees

47. Spinoza, Ethics

48. Bunyan, Pilgrims Progress

49. Newton, Mathematical Principles

50. Locke, Essay on Human Understanding

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51. Berkeley, Principles of Human Knowledge

52. Vico, The New Science

53. Hume, Treatise on Human Nature

54. Diderot, Encyclopedie

55. Johnson, English Dictionary

56. Voltaire, Candide

57. Pain, Common Sense

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58. Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations

59. Gibbon, Fall of the Roman Empire

60. Kant, Critique of Pure Reason

61. Rousseau, Confessions

62. Burke, French Revolution

63. Wollstonecraft, Rights of Women

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64. Godwin, Political Justice

65. Malthus, Population and Power

66. Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit

67. Schopenhauer, World as Will and Idea

68. Comte, Positive Philosophy

69. Clausewitz, On War

8/3/2019 Influential Books (100)

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70. Kierkegaard, Either/Or

71. Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto

72. Thoreau, Civil Disobedience

73. Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species

74. John Stuart Mill, On Liberty

75. Herbert Spencer, First Principles

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76. Mendel, Plant Hybridization

77. Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace

78. Maxwell, Electricity and Magnetism

79. Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra

80. Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams

81. William James, Pragmatism

82. Albert Einstein, The Theory of Relativity

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83. Vilfredo Pareto, Mind and Society

84. Carl Jung, Psychological Types

85. Martin Buber, I and Thou

86. Franz Kafka, The Trial

87. Karl Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery

88. John Keynes, Employment

89. Jean Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness

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90. Fredrich Hayek, The Road to Serfdom

91. Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex

92. Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics

93. George Orwell, 1984

94. George Gurdjieff, Tales to My Grandson

95. Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations

96. Noam Chomsky, Syntactic Structures

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97. Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique

98. Kuhn, Structure of Scientific Revolution

99. Mao Zedong, Little Red Book

100. Skinner, Beyond Freedom and Dignity