influence of high-lift supporting systems on ......meshes considering one surface and one spatial...
TRANSCRIPT
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INFLUENCE OF HIGH-LIFT SUPPORTING SYSTEMS ON THE TRAPEZOIDAL WING AERODYNAMIC
COEFFICIENTS
Alexandre P. Antunes Embraer, São José dos Campos, Brazil
Ricardo Galdino da Silva Embraer, São José dos Campos, Brazil
João Luiz F. Azevedo Instituto de Aeronáutica e Espaço, São José dos Campos, Brazil
30th AIAA Applied Aerodynamic Conference
New Orleans, Louisiana – 25-28 June 2012
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Outline
Objectives
Theoretical and Numerical Formulations High-Lift Configuration
Mesh Generation
Results
Conclusions
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Outline
Objectives
Theoretical and Numerical Formulations High-Lift Configuration
Mesh Generation
Results
Conclusions
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Build upon previous work but now considering the effects of the
supporting brackets over the aerodynamic coefficients for the
trapezoidal wing.
Evaluate the effects of a surface and a volumetric mesh refinement
over the aerodynamic coefficients.
Objectives
The main objectives of the present work are:
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Outline
Objectives
Theoretical and Numerical Formulations High-Lift Configuration
Mesh Generation
Results
Conclusions
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Outline
Objectives
Theoretical and Numerical Formulations High-Lift Configuration
Mesh Generation
Results
Conclusions
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Theoretical and Numerical Formulation
The numerical simulations are performed using the CFD++ software
considering the RANS formulation (Reynolds-averaged Navier-
Stokes Equations) and the SA and SST turbulence models.
Numerical aspects of the CFD++ software:
• Finite volume cell-based mixed element unstructured
• Inviscid fluxes: multi-dimensional TVD, minmod limiter
• Viscous fluxes: non-decoupling non-limited face polynomials
• Point implicit with multi-grid relaxation for steady state.
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Outline
Objectives
Theoretical and Numerical Formulations High-Lift Configuration
Mesh Generation
Results
Conclusions
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Outline
Objectives
Theoretical and Numerical Formulations High-Lift Configuration
Mesh Generation
Results
Conclusions
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High-Lift Configuration
Wind Tunnel Model
The Trap-Wing configuration, tested at NASA Ames
PWT and NASA Langley SWT wind tunnels, is the object of study
in the present work.
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Configuration Flap Spanwise Slat Deflec. Flap Deflec.
01 full 30 25
The simulations are performed for the flight condition given by
Mach number of 0.20 and Reynolds number of 4.3 million (NASA SWT
– experimental test) for configuration one.
High-Lift Configuration
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Outline
Objectives
Theoretical and Numerical Formulations High-Lift Configuration
Mesh Generation
Results
Conclusions
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Outline
Objectives
Theoretical and Numerical Formulations High-Lift Configuration
Mesh Generation
Results
Conclusions
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Mesh Generation Aspects
Complicated mesh generation process due to the proximity between
the geometrical components of the configuration.
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A simple example exposing the need to be careful and patient during the mesh generation process in concave regions.
Mesh Generation Aspects
Case (A) Case (B)
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Mesh Generation Aspects
Case (A) Case (B)
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Mesh Generation –Hybrid Meshes
Meshes considering one surface and one spatial refinements.
Coarse Mesh - Baseline
- Mesh size 24.8 million cells
- Y+ around one
- Stretching factor 1.15
- Total number of prismatic layers 46
Medium Mesh – Surface Refinement
- Mesh size 49.3 million cells
- Y+ around one
- Stretching factor 1.15
- Total number of prismatic layers 46
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Fine Mesh – Volumetric Refinement
- Mesh size 69.5 million cells
- Y+ around one
- Stretching factor 1.15
- Total number of prismatic layers 46
Mesh Generation –Hybrid Meshes
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Coarse Mesh
Mesh Generation – w and wt Brackets
No-Brackets Brackets
No-Brackets Brackets
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Coarse Mesh X Medium Mesh
Mesh Generation – w Brackets
Surface refinement
without doubling the
number of surface
elements.
Coarse
Coarse
Medium
Medium
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Fine Mesh X Medium Mesh
Fine Medium
Medium Fine
Mesh Generation – w Brackets
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Regions where volumetric refinement is performed.
Mesh Generation – Volumetric Refinement
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Mesh Generation – Volumetric Refinement
Regions where volumetric refinement is performed.
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Mesh Generation – Volumetric Refinement
Regions where volumetric refinement is performed.
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Outline
Objectives
Theoretical and Numerical Formulations High-Lift Configuration
Mesh Generation
Results
Conclusions
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Outline
Objectives
Theoretical and Numerical Formulations High-Lift Configuration
Mesh Generation
Results
Conclusions
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The following tables show the simulations performed.
Results
Previous result.
The flow to be considered as fully turbulent.
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Outline
Objectives
Theoretical and Numerical Formulations High-Lift Configuration
Mesh Generation
Results
Coarse Mesh
Medium Mesh
Fine Mesh
Conclusions
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Comparison between the results with and without the brackets for the coarse mesh
Results – Coarse Meshes
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Drag polar comparison for both configurations.
Results – Coarse Meshes
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Cp distribution with the shear lines.
Results – Coarse Meshes
CL = 1.56 CL = 1.52 CL = 1.78 CL = 1.78 CL = 2.05 CL = 2.04 CL = 2.45 CL = 2.20 CL = 2.64 CL = 2.70 CL = 2.37
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The integration of the pressure coefficient over the chordwise direction yields the load distribution. In the mid-span region there is good agreement between the two configurations.
Results – Coarse Meshes
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Results – Coarse Mesh wt. Brackets
Vorticity iso-surfaces colored by the magnitude of the velocity.
AoA = 30 deg.
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Results – Coarse Mesh wt. Brackets
At mid-span region of the wing main element, a massive flow detachement is observed AoA = 32 deg.
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Results – Coarse Mesh w. Brackets
Vorticity iso-surfaces colored by the magnitude of the velocity.
AoA = 16 deg.
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At mid-span region of the wing main element, a massive flow separation is observed
AoA = 24 deg.
Results – Coarse Mesh w. Brackets
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Outline
Objectives
Theoretical and Numerical Formulations High-Lift Configuration
Mesh Generation
Results
Coarse Mesh
Medium Mesh
Fine Mesh
Conclusions
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Comparison between the coarse and the medium mesh.
Results – Medium Meshes
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Drag polar for the coarse and medium meshes. An improvement is observed over the coarse mesh results.
Results – Medium Meshes
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Results – Medium Mesh w. Brackets
Configuration One with brackets
Medium Mesh – Turbulence Model - SA Configuration One with brackets
Medium Mesh – Turbulence Model - SA
Vorticity iso-surfaces colored by velocity magnitude, AoA = 24 deg.
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Results – Medium Mesh w. Brackets
Vorticity planes, AoA = 24 deg.
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Results – Medium Mesh w. Brackets
AoA = 24 deg.
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AoA = 32 deg.
Results – Medium Mesh w. Brackets
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Lift coefficient comparison. No hysteresis analysis was conducted in order to decrease the angle of attack after the maximum achieved CL.
Results – Medium Mesh w. Brackets
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The drag polar indicates a worse comparison of the restart procedure in relation to the ‘from-scratch’ approach. .
Results – Medium Mesh w. Brackets
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Results – Medium Mesh w. Brackets
From-Scratch Restart
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Results – Medium Mesh w. Brackets
The forces are quite converged after 2000 ite.
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Comparison between the SA and the SST turbulence models.
Results – Medium Mesh w. Brackets
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Results – Medium Mesh w. Brackets
Comparison Cp distribution SA X SST @ Eta = 0.17 - AoA =13
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Results – Medium Mesh w. Brackets
Comparison Cp distribution SA X SST @ Eta = 0.65 – AoA = 13
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Results – Medium Mesh w. Brackets
Comparison Cp distribution SA X SST @ Eta = 0.85 – AoA =13
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Results – Medium Mesh w. Brackets
Comparison Cp distribution SA X SST @ Eta = 0.95 – AoA =13
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Results – Medium Mesh w. Brackets
SA SST
Comparison between the SA and the SST turbulence models.
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Results – Medium Mesh w. Brackets
In terms of drag coefficient the two obtained solutions are close to each other.
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Outline
Objectives
Theoretical and Numerical Formulations High-Lift Configuration
Mesh Generation
Results
Coarse Mesh
Medium Mesh
Fine Mesh
Conclusions
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Results – Fine Mesh w. Brackets
Not expected...
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Results – Medium Meshes
However, the drag results have a better comparison with the experimental results.
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• The mesh assumed as coarse presented a very premature stall.
• The surface mesh refinement provided an improvement in the aerodynamic coefficients.
• The volumetric refinement presented an unexpected result which decreased the stall angle of attack and the maximum CL.
• The different turbulence models are generating very different flow pattern.
• There is a need to continue the studies with a more systematic procedure to perform the mesh generation.
Conclusions
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Backup Slides
hybrid mesh - SA Model
hexahedral mesh - SA Model