InflammationInflammation

Human BiologyHuman Biology

What is it?

What are the stages, and

occurrences in those stages?

Extensions?

InflammationInflammation

Attempt to restore Attempt to restore balance in an area.balance in an area.

Injury…the Injury…the inflammatory response inflammatory response is initiated. Protective, is initiated. Protective, defensive.defensive.

InflammationInflammationEtiologies:Etiologies:

Mechanical TraumaMechanical TraumaMVC (collisions), Knife MVC (collisions), Knife Wounds, Gunshots, Surgery, Wounds, Gunshots, Surgery, twisting an ankle, knee.twisting an ankle, knee.

Foreign invaders (like Foreign invaders (like bacteria)bacteria)Toxins. Entrance though skin Toxins. Entrance though skin breaks (burn, splinter, breaks (burn, splinter, wounds)wounds)

InflammationInflammationSymptomsSymptoms

ErythemaErythemaRedness, heatRedness, heat

PainPainEdema (swelling)Edema (swelling)

www.nlm.nih.gov/.../ ency/imagepages/2774.htm

Inflammation due to gouthttp://www.whathealth.com/gout/picture-3.html

www.mf.uni-lj.si/.../ mullegger-4.jpg

Lyme Disease

medstat.med.utah.edu/.../ mml/hrob_99502.html

http://meded.ucsd.edu/isp/1994/im-quiz/images/primedema.jpg

Lymphedema

Damaged, absent, malformed vessels

Note: This is showing you an illustration of edema, and not the entire inflammatory response.

Inflammation has five basic Inflammation has five basic stages:stages:

Vasodilation (And Increased Vasodilation (And Increased Vessel Permeability)Vessel Permeability)

Phagocyte MigrationPhagocyte Migration

Nutrient/Metabolic IncreaseNutrient/Metabolic Increase

Fibrin FormationFibrin Formation

Pus FormationPus Formation

Inflammatory StagesInflammatory Stages

1) Vasodilation and increased 1) Vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels.permeability of blood vessels. Histamine release does this at Histamine release does this at

the site of damage. Pain from the site of damage. Pain from damages nerve endings.damages nerve endings.Chemical released during allergy, Chemical released during allergy, inflammatory response.inflammatory response.

Causes redness and swellingCauses redness and swelling

Inflammatory StagesInflammatory Stages

2) Phagocyte migration2) Phagocyte migrationWhite Blood cells engulf White Blood cells engulf and destroy bacteria and and destroy bacteria and dead tissue.dead tissue.

http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/ghaffar/neutrophil.jpg

http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/macrophagephago3.jpg

Inflammatory StagesInflammatory Stages

3) Release of 3) Release of nutrients/Metabolic increasenutrients/Metabolic increase

Need more energy to fight Need more energy to fight infection/wounds.infection/wounds.

Cellular respiration increaseCellular respiration increaseNeed more energyTo deal with this

Mechanically wounded epithelium forming New junctions (arrow). (false color)

ls.berkeley.edu/bio/ gallery_mcb/wound.html

Inflammatory StagesInflammatory Stages

4) Fibrin Formation4) Fibrin FormationSoluble protein called Soluble protein called

fibrinogen coverts to fibrin.fibrinogen coverts to fibrin.Traps bacteria at the site to Traps bacteria at the site to

isolate infected/damaged area.isolate infected/damaged area.

http://www.chestpainperspectives.com/images/cpp_images/Fibrin.jpg

Inflammatory StagesInflammatory Stages

5) Pus Formation5) Pus FormationThick fluid containing Thick fluid containing live cells, dead cells, live cells, dead cells, bacteria, white blood bacteria, white blood cells.cells.

192.107.108.56/.../ pictureglossary.htm

www.lhsc.on.ca/ wound/wounds.htm

http://www.larve.com/Images/images_legulcers/magots_small-cavity_wound.jpg

Maggot Therapy

Do you doubt the Do you doubt the effectiveness of this effectiveness of this

treatment??treatment??

The pictures you will see are proof The pictures you will see are proof that maggot therapy can help patients that maggot therapy can help patients that have not responded to that have not responded to conventional therapy.conventional therapy.

Gangrenous ulcerations

Patient was in hospital for 5 weeks, receiving IV antibiotics and surgery.Doesn’t look too good.

Two weeks later, after maggots have been applied. See the healthy tissue? It is red and bloody, but healthy.

3 Months later…

An excellent result.The scarring will fadeover the coming months.

Surgeons had a tough time figuring out which was good tissue and bad tissue, due to the advanced nature of the ulceration. They didn’t want to cut too much away.

3 years of foot ulcers in this 70 yr. old patient.

After maggots were applied, the wound was cleaned, and the dead tissue was removed. As you can tell, the maggots did a much better job than the surgeons could.

After healing, the wound looks fantastic.

Two years afterwards, the wound had not reoccurred.

www.ucihs.uci.edu/com/ pathology/sherman/cases.htm

Last 7 slides are from Maggot Therapy Project, University of California, Irvine.