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http://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Health-Conditions/Images/354031_Adv_Rheumatoid_Arthritis-2sm.jpgInflammation Due To RANormal Joint

BoneNormal Joint

BoneSynoviumNormal Joint

BoneSynoviumCartilageRheumatoid Arthritis

Bone Destructionhttp://www.riversideonline.com/source/images/image_popup/mcdc7_arthritis_types.jpgSynovial Inflammation

Osteoclasts

T helper Cells??

Th17 Cells

In Rheumatoid Arthritis,Do Th17 Cells play a major role in osteoclast differentiation in vivo?In Rheumatoid Arthritis,Do Th17 Cells play a major role in osteoclast differentiation in vivo?Can osteoclast differentiation be induced in vitro by Th17 via RANK/RANKL mechanism? Kim et al (2012)

Kim et al (2012)

RANKLKim et al (2012)

RANKL

Kim et al (2012)

RANKLVitamin DKim et al (2012)

RANKLVitamin D

3 FOLDQuantitative PCR

After Reaction with RANKLQuantitative PCR

After Reaction with RANKLRT-PCR / Sybr Green TRAP RNAGAPDH reference geneSince TRAP protein is only produced in osteoclasts, it can be used to measure differentiation.Kim et al

Kim et al

Kim et al

Kim et al

Kim et al

% of GAPDHKim et al

% of GAPDHReduced Osteoclast DifferentiationKim et al

NO RANKLReduced RANK expression Kim et alReduced RANK expression

ReductionProposed Experiment

T helper CellsProposed Experiment

T helper CellsVitamin DCan osteoclast differentiation be induced in vitro by Th17 via RANK/RANKL mechanism?

Th17 in synovium Capable of inducing differentiation via RANKL/RankKim et al showed that Vitamin D inhibits via RANK

In Rheumatoid Arthritis,Do Th17 Cells play a major role in osteoclast differentiation in vivo?Use T cell specific RANKL knockout mice.