InField LinerTM - IFLTM

Flexible Kevlar® Reinforced PVDF Liner

TM

R e v o l u t i o n a r y S u b s e a P i p e l i n e R e h a b i l i t a t i o n S y s t e m

TECHNOLOGY IN LINE

IFL in SummaryBenefits for the Offshore Pipeline Operator• Significantlyextendslifetimeofexistingpipelines

• Economicalsolutioncomparedtonewlaycarbonsteelpipelines

• Savestimeindesign,planningandinstallationcomparedtonewlay

• Protectionofenvironmentduetodualcontainment

• MultipleIFLsystemsalreadyinstalledwithinthe PETRONASpipelinenetwork

Revolution in Offshore Hydrocarbon Pipeline Rehabilitation• Multiplekilometersinstalledinsinglepull

• Accommodatingmultiple5D90°bends

• Excellentchemicalresistancetohotsourcrudeoilandsourgas

• Hightemperatureresistanceupto110°Cinhydrocarbon exposureconditions

• Extremelyhighresistancetopermeation

PIPELINE REHABILITATION

InField Liner - IFL

Internalcorrosionmaycauseapipelinetoprematurelyreachtheendof itsusefulservicelifebeforeitsintendeddesignlife,whichwillthennecessitateeitherearlypipelineclosureortotalreplacement.Historically,therehasbeenno viablemeans for installing an internal corrosion barrier into an existinghydrocarbonsubseapipelineonceithasbeenlaid.Toreplacesuch,offshorepipeline operators around the globe have therefore been faced with theextremely high costs of mobilizing large pipe lay marine spreads for thereplacementoftheirseverelycorrosionimpactedpipelines.

In 2013 PETRONAS & ANTICORROSION PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS (APS)concludedathreeyearmulti-milliondollarresearch&developmentprogramtodevelopthematerials,meansandmechanismsforthein-situplacementofflexibletightfitrehabilitationcorrosionbarriers.Thisdevelopmentprogramhasnowbeenconcludedandhas led to thesuccessfuldeploymentof IFLlinersintoanumberofexistinghighpressureoilandgassubseapipelines.

APS were the inventors and project managers throughout, with fullresponsibility for the development, coordination and qualification testingon the utilization and implementation of a range of high performance rawmaterials,manufacturingprocessesandlinerinstallationtechniques.

The IFL liner is a flexibleKevlar reinforced liner that can be pulled in overlonglengthsinasinglepull.Theusageofhighspecificationmaterialswithinits construction provide the IFL systemwith a high resistance to a widerangeofhydrocarbonmediaatelevatedtemperaturesofupto110°Candexceptionalhostpipematchingpressureretainingcapabilitywithinitstightfitoperatingcriteria.

TheIFLsystemthusnowoffersthesubseapipelineindustry with a supremely viable, fast andeconomic preference when comparedagainst the only other option of anew-laypipelinereplacement.

RisingTotheChallenge

TECHNOLOGY IN LINE

TechnologyinLineThe IFL liner comprises of Solvay’s Solef PVDF inner liner, a tightly wovenAramidcore,usingDupontKevlarfabric,withanouterlayerofabrasiveresistantThermoplasticPolyurethanefromBASF.

TheinnerPVDFlayerprovidesahighchemicalresistancetothemostaggressivehydrocarbonexposureconditions,includinghotsourcrudeoilupto110°C.

TheKevlarcoreprovidesthelinerwithanextremelyhightensilestrength,thusenablingtheinsertionofsinglelengthsofmultiplekilometersoflinerthroughmultiple90degreesbendsofdownto5Dradii.

TheouterTPUcoveringprovidesamaximumprotectionandabrasionresistance,asmay be required during the pulling and insertion process of the IFL linersystemintothehostpipeline.

PIPELINE REHABILITATION

InField Liner - IFL

OuterLayer

InnerLayer

Core

Thermoplasticpolyurethane-BASF

SolefPVDF-SolvayChemicals

SeamlesswovenKevlarfabric-Dupont

TECHNOLOGY IN LINE

Corrosionisrelentless.Unstoppable.Thebestamancanhopetoachieveistoslowitsadvancetoimperceptiblelevelsandtherebyextendingtheusefuleconomiclifeofastructureorapipeline.

Subseapipelinesarealmostalwaysbarge-laidwithnointernalliningandthushavenoinbuiltinternalanticorrosionprotectivemechanismsforanyextendedlifecapability.UptonowadditionalwallthicknessforcorrosionallowancehasbeentheIntegrityEngineer’sonlydefense.OftenhoweverthisstillhasverylimiteddefensecapabilitywhereSulphateReducingBacteria(SRB)areliabletobepresent.Insuchacasethebacteriacanrandomlycolonizeandattackthepipewallcausingrapidpittingandultimatelyleadingtoanearlyintegrityfailure.Chemicaldosingmayforestallsuchafailure,butunfortunatelyitwillneverdelaytheinevitableconclusionforanysignificantlengthoftime.

Four (4) years.That can be the sort of period between a new-lay pipelineinstallation and a complete system abandonment where serious levels ofSRBexistswithinthecrudeenvironment.With,uptillnow,nopracticalandeconomicallyviablerecoverymeansforrepairorrehabilitationofthepipeline,theonlyoptionthatwasleftwasafullpipelinere-lay.

IndustryScope

PIPELINE REHABILITATION

InField Liner - IFL

Theperiodbetweenthe1970’iesand1980’ieswitnessedamassiveupswingin theoffshorehydrocarbonextraction industry.Theend resultof thiswasthat during those two decades, approximately 50 million meters of sub-seapipelineswerelaidwiththetypicaldesignlifeofthese,evenunderthebestofconditions,beingprojectedassome40years.Theimplicationofthismeansthatduringthisdecadetherewillbethetheoreticalneedtoreplaceorrehabilitateatleastsome50millionmetersofpipelinesworldwide.

Inthedecadessince, therateofnewsubseapipelines laidhasmorethandoubled and with the increasing percentages of water cuts experienced;combinedwiththeproductionfrommorehighlycorrosivewellenvironments,itnowmeansthatgreaterchallengesmustbemetbymuchhigherlevelsofinterventionandapplicationsofanticorrosionbarriersystems.

TECHNOLOGY IN LINE

TheIFLsystemisidealforrehabilitatingin-fieldsubseapipelinesrunningfromplatform-to-platform, or fromplatform to shore. IFL can alsobeused as acorrosion barrier for newpipelineswhichwill be known to be exposed toextremelycorrosiveenvironmentsincurredduetoaggressiveenvironmentalinfluencessuchasSRBorincombinationwithhighwatercuts,andtherebysignificantly reducing the predicted life-span of the pipeline without theapplicationofafullyeffectivecorrosionbarrier.

The IFL system was originally developed as a viable and cost-effectivemethodforsubseapipelinerehabilitation,howeverandinadditiontothis,theIFLsystemmayalsohavespecificapplicationsfortheonshorehydrocarbonpipelineindustryaswell.Anexampleofthiswouldbewhereapipelinepassesunder an areawhere, for one reason or another, site access is extremelylimited,andthusthepipelinehastoberehabilitatedovermuchlongerlengthswithsinglepulls.

MainApplications

PIPELINE REHABILITATION

InField Liner - IFL

• Rehabilitationofexistingsubseahydrocarbon(alsowaterinjection)pipelineswhichhavenaturallyreachedtheendtheirdesignedservicelife.

• Rehabilitation of existing subsea hydrocarbon (also water injection)pipelines,which have exhibited signs of early failure due to higher thanexpectedratesofcorrosion.

• Abandonedordecommissionedsubseahydrocarbon(alsowaterinjection)pipelines, whereby the IFL system can offer the possibility of re-commissioningtheseverypipelines.

• TheinstallationofanIFLLinerinsideofnewhydrocarbonsubseapipelinesincircumstanceswhereextremecorrosionconditionsareknowntoexist.

• Rehabilitation of onshore hydrocarbon pipelineswhereby the pipeline isrequiredtoberehabilitatedoverlonglengthswhere,duetotheabilitytogainaccessbeingextremelylimitedatshorterintervals.

FieldsofApplication in Summary

TECHNOLOGY IN LINE

IFL materials are manufactured under strictly controlled conditions. OnlyrawmaterialsofthehighestqualityfromapprovedandrenownedspecialistsuppliersareselectedandutilizedafterhavingfirstbeensubjectedtovigorousqualitycontrolandtestingandbeinginfullconformitywiththedetailedIFLmanufacturingandtestplan.

Everyelementofthemanufacturingprocedureiscarefullyandcontinuouslymonitoredandcontrolledwithrealtimecomputerassessmentandfeedbackso as to ensure absolute precision and reliability. Once commenced andstabilized,themanufacturingprocessisacontinualandmeticulousprocessuntilthefulllengthofthedesiredlinerhasbeenproduced.Everyfacetofthelinerproductionqualityassuranceisrecordedandtheproducedlinerqualityisthereafterfurtherverifiedbyextensivetestingpriortofactoryacceptanceanddispatchtothecustomer.

IFL is reeled ‘flat packed’, onto specialist shipping drums designed to becontainerizedineitherconventionalorhighcubecontainers,witheachdrumcapableoftakingmultiplekilometersofliner,dependentupondiameter.

IFLManufacturing

PIPELINE REHABILITATION

InField Liner - IFL

Thoroughinspectionsandsitevisitreviewsoftheexistingsubseapipeline,riseraccess,platformspaceandaccessibilityetc.aremandatorypre-requisitespriortothedetailedplanningofanyIFLLinerrehabilitationproject,asisthecollationofalldatarelativetotheprevailingoperatingparametersandpipelineconditions.

ThisdataisusedtoassessthegeneralconditionandremainingwallthicknessoftheexistingpipelineandtoverifytheIFLLinersizerequirementsintheeventthatatight-fitlineristobechosen.PriortotheoffshoredeploymentoftheIFLinstallationmarinespread,thehostpipelinewillhavebeendecommissioned,cleanedandfinallygaugedanditsimmediatetopsidepipe-worksremovedinpreparationforthelinerinsertionprogram.

The IFL liner, although manufactured in a circular profile, is able to betemporarilyflattenedfortransportationandreeledontoatransportationdrumthatcanbesizedsoastofitintoconventionalshippingcontainers.EachdrumcanbeloadedwithmultiplekilometersofIFLliner,dependentuponthelinerdiameter.

Thesedrumsarethenshippedtoanonshore locationclosetothepointofmarinemobilization/embarkation,usuallycomprisingofalocalmarinesupplybase,where the liner is thenre-profiled intoa foldedformatprior tobeingsentoffshoreforthefinalinstallation.

Theactual IFLLiner insertionprocess isextremely fast,with thepullingprocessnormallybeingrunatspeedsofupto10metersperminute,howeverthiswillbedependentuponoveralloperationalandenvironmental parameters. The IFL Liner installationdrum isnormally locatedandoperated fromthedeckofaDP2workvesselwhichisusuallylocatedwithinmetersoftheentryriserpoint,fromwherethelinercanthenbe unspooled into the hostpipesystemasquicklyandaseasilyaspossible.

IFLInstallation

TECHNOLOGY IN LINE

A feeder cablewill have been blown through the pipeline during the finalcleaningandgaugingprocessesandthiswillthenbeusedtopullbackthroughahighertensilestrengthinstallationwinchcableforconnectiontoatowingheadwhichissecurelylocatedontheleadingendoftheliner.

OncetheIFLLinerhasbeendrawnthroughtheentirelengthofthepipeline,itisthenre-roundedbyapplyingaslightinternalpressurizeintotheliner.Theliner,whoseexternaldiameter ismanufacturedtomatchthesameboreasthatofthehostpipeline,isthenfullyexpandedtoformanintimateandtightfitwiththeinnerwallofthehostpipe.

Withthelinerthenfullyre-roundedagainstthewallofthehostpipeline;thelastinstallationtasktobeundertakenistheinstallationoftheendterminationconnectorswhichthenensurecompleteandreliablesealsandrestraintatthelinerends.There-linedpipelinewillthenbehydro-testedintheconventionalmanner and all the topside pipe work reconnected. Following this thepipelineisthenfullyreadyforre-commissioningandforitsnewandextendedoperationallife.

PIPELINE REHABILITATION

InField Liner - IFL

APSmanagestheinstallationoftheIFLlinersystemthroughitsownofficesandoperationalfacilitieswhichcanbefoundacrossarangeofinternationallocations; presently however, the initial IFL installation operations andprogramsareprimarilydirectedfromAPS’smainMiddleEastern(Dubai)andSoutheastAsian(KualaLumpur)offices.

In the regions where APS has no direct presence, APS is working onestablishinganetworkoflicensedinstallerstohandlethelocalinstallationoftheIFLlinersystem.Thesecontractorsareselectedonasetofrigidnorms,withcriteria’ssuchasproventrack-recordsinoffshorecontracting,availabilityoftheirownfleetofappropriatelysizedandequippedvessels,directaffiliationswithsubseapipelinerehabilitationandofcourseintimateknowledgeoftheoperationalplayersandbusinessenvironmentofthetarget locationsunderconsideration.

LicensedInstallerNetwork

TECHNOLOGY IN LINE

Aftertheselectionprocess,theactualappointmentofalicenseeisfollowedbyarigorouspracticaltrainingonallaspectsoftheinstallationprocessandtheproceduresstipulatedinthefranchiseemanual.

Through APS’s own contracting operations units, or through our licensedinstallernetwork,APSareensuringthehighestqualityinstallationprograms,under themost challenging operational environments and conditions on aworldwidebasis.

For details of our existing licensed installers, or if you are interested inbecoming a licensed installer in your local geographic area, then pleasecontactAPS’sInternationalBusinessDevelopmentDepartment.

PIPELINE REHABILITATION

InField Liner - IFL

Afteryearsofconcertedeffortbyacombinedteamofhighlyskilleddevelopmentengineers, not only from APS but also from our project developmental co-partners,andspreadingfromtheoriginallinerdevelopmentconceptcriteriathrough to the fully successful installation of the world’s first platform toplatform,subseatightfit,hydrocarbonresistantrehabilitationsystemwithinasourenvironment.

The joint PETRONAS andAPS IFL installation programhas not onlymadehistory,buthasalsoopenedacompletelynewandexcitingchapterinnotonlyextendinginstalledpipelinelifebutalsoinfightingsubseapipelinecorrosion.

Sincethen,multipleIFLlinershavenowbeeninstalledfortheremediationandrefurbishmentofadditionalPETRONASpipelines.Inadditionbothcorporateandoperationalpreparationsarewellinhandtofurtherextendthesystemtoaffiliatesandexternalusers,bywayofaconcertedglobalcommercializationprocess.

For a detailed and complete project experience list, please contact APS’sBusinessDevelopmentDepartment.

TrackRecord

IFL Southeast Asia &APS Regional Headquarters Southeast AsiaSuite 21- 01, Level 21, Menara BinjaiNo. 2, Jalan Binjai, 50450 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaTel: +603 21810955Fax: +603 21816955E-mail: sales@apsmsia.com.myWebsite: www.infieldliner.com

IFL Middle East & APS Group HeadquartersAnticorrosion Protective Systems L.L.C.P.O. Box 8091, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesTel: +971 48848383Fax: +971 48848384E-mail: sales@apsdubai.comWebsite: www.infieldliner.com

No rights can be derived from the contents of this publication. Unless otherwise agreed upon in writing, all products and technical advice are subject to the terms of sale. The contents can be changed without notice at the discretion of the company. All rights reserved. All trademarks are the property of the respective owners.

All rights reserved. All trademarks are the property of the respective owners.

Created November 2017

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