infection control unit 13 adonis k. lomibao r.n. 12/14/11
TRANSCRIPT
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Infection Control Unit 13
Adonis K. Lomibao R.N.12/14/11
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Objectives
Spell and define terms Explain principles of medical asepsis Explain components of standard precautions Types of PPE Describe nursing assistant actions related to
standard precautions Describe airborne, droplet, & contact
precautions
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Medical Asepsis
Asepsis-the absence of disease-producing microorganisms.
-medical asepsis
-surgical asepsis Medical asepsis-practices reduce the numbers
of microorganisms or interrupt transmission.
-aka-”clean”
-Dirty or contaminated-have been exposed to known or potential pathogens.
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Handwashing
Single most important procedure performed to prevent the spread of microbes.
-Vigorous, short rubbing together of all surfaces of soap-lathered hands.
-Followed by rinsing under a stream of running warm water.
Nosocomial infection- infection acquired by a patient while being cared for in a health care facility.
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Wash your hands when..?
Before handling food After touching any soiled item or surface Before touching mucous membranes or non-
intact skin Before and after every patient contact Before applying and after removing gloves Before any contact with your mucous
membranes p.182-183
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Hand Lotion & Waterless Hand Cleaners
Select a light, non-oily product. Use a personal-sized bottle & do not share. When using waterless, alcohol-based
cleaners:
-Handwash when visibly soiled
-Rub product into hand until dry
-Do not use for pt. With C-Diff
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Protecting Yourself
Occupational Exposure- contacting potentially infectious material as you perform your duties
Prevent by using proper medical asepsis & standard precautions
Exposure Incident- your eyes, nose, mouth, mucous membranes, or nonintact skin had contact with blood or potentially infectious material.
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Standard Precautions The infection control actions used for all people
receiving care, regardless of their condition or diagnosis.
Apply when you may contact:
-Blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions
-Mucous membranes
-Non-intact skin
-p.185 Work practice control-procedures to prevent spread
of infections.
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Personal Protective Equipment
Gloves (p. 196 When to use) Gown Mask Goggles Face Shield
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Transmission-Based Precautions
Precautions used with highly transmittable diseases.
Communicable or contagious disease-may be transferred from one person to another directly or indirectly.
Three kinds of precautions:
-Airborne
-Droplet
-Contact
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Airborne Precautions
Transmitted by air currents Pathogens small & light, suspended in air, can
travel through air currents. Examples:
-Tuberculosis
- Measles
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Precautions
Private room with negative air pressure N95 Respirator,HEPA filter mask, PFR95 (p.190) Limit pt. Transport to essential purposes only. Use
mask on patient during transport. Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) lights.
Ultraviolet-C light kills or inactivates pathogens. Anteroom-small room just inside entrance to pt.
Room. Reduces escape of infectious organisms. Buffer between changes in air pressures
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Masks
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Droplet Precautions
Can be spread by large droplets in the air. Spread by sneezing, coughing, talking,
singing, & laughing. Generally don't travel past 3 feet of the patient Examples:
-German measles
-Mumps
-Influenza
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Precautions
Private room if possible Wear mask when working within 3 feet of
patient Limit transport to essential purposes. Use
surgical mask on patient.
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Contact Precautions
Infectious pathogens spread by direct or indirect contact.
Examples:
-Head or body lice
-Scabies
-MRSA
-C-Diff.
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Precautions
Private room if possible Gloves Hand Hygiene with antimicrobial agent Gown Patient transport-Limit to essential purposes. Dedicated patient-care equipment
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Isolation Technique
The method of caring for patients with easily transmitted disease
Standard precautions in addition to transmission-based precautions
Isolation unit- may be an area or private room.
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Disinfection & Sterilization
Disinfection- the process of eliminating harmful pathogens from equipment and instruments
Sterilization- removes all microorganisms from an item.
Autoclave- uses steam and pressure to kill organisms & sterilize
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Sterile Procedures
Surgical asepsis-the environment is kept free of all microbes, both pathogens and non-pathogens.
Equipment & supplies must be sterile. Sterile field- area of sterile equipment and materials.
-One inch around not sterile-keep equipment within 2 inches
-Never reach over field
-Moisture=contamination
-Discard if suspicion of contamination
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