infant mortality rate in india

7/30/2019 Infant Mortality Rate in India

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DEFINITION


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Important indicator of the health status of acommunity and also the level of living ofpeople

Effectiveness of MCH services


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Largest single age category of mortality Death in this group are due to particular set

of diseases and conditions to which adultpopulation is less exposed

Affected rather quickly and directly byspecific health programmes


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Wikipedia.com


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COUNTRY 1990 2011India 83 47

Sri Lanka 26 11

Bangladesh 105 37

Pakistan 102 59Thailand 26 11

Myanmar 91 48

China 36 13

Nepal 99 39

New zealand 9 5

USA 9 6

UK 8 4

Japan 5 2

World 64 37


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The data shows there has been a steadydecline in infant mortality all over the world

World average of IMR for 2011 estimated atabout 37 per 1000 live birth

However, IMR varies from 5/1000 live birthin developed countries to 69/1000 live birthin sub saharan countries

Although IMR declined significantly, the dropwas greatest for developed countries andlowest for least developed countries


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Variation between developed and developingcountries in death among newborns due to

differences in ANC Half of all pregnant women in least developed countries

have no ANC

7out of 10 babies are born without help of trained birth

attendant Other major factors being malnutrition, high

parity of mother, LBW baby and congenitalanomalies


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Overall decline in IMR is attributed to Family planning

Improved obstetric and perinatal care

Improve in quality of life Better control of communicable diseases

Advances in chemotherapy, antibiotics etc

Better nutrition by emphasis on breast feeding

Dominant factor for decline in IMR in industrialcountries was economic and social progress withmedical services on secondary role

In developing countries is mainly due to medicalservices


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IMR in india- 46.05 in year 2012 IMR declines slowly from 130/1000 live birth

in 1971 to 114 in 1980 and coming down to47 in the year 2010


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NEONATAL MORTALITY POST-NEONATAL MORTALITY1.LBW & prematurity 1. Diarrhoeal diseases

2. Birth injury and difficult labour 2. ARI3. sepsis 3.Other communicable diseases

4. Congenital anomalies 4. Malnutrition

5. Haemolytic disease of new born 5. Congenital anomalies

6. Condition of placenta and chord 6. Accidents

7. Diarrhoeal diseases

8. ARI

9. Tetanus


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BIOLOGICAL FACTORS ECONOMIC FACTORS

CULTURAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS


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Biological factors include

Birth weight

Age of mother

Birth orderBirth spacing

Multiple birth

Family sizeHigh fertility


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Socio economic status


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Breast feeding Religion and caste

Early marriage

Sex of child

Quality of mothering Maternal education

Quality of health care

Broken Families

Illegitimacy Brutal habits and customs

Indigenous dai

Bad environmental sanitation


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Prenatal nutrition

Prevention of infection

Breast feeding

Risk of death begins to appear even before birth if the

mother is malnourished

Providing additional nutrition will increase the infants

birth weight and decrease mortality

By proper immunisation

Most effective method of lowering IMR which safeguard

against GI and respiratory infection and PEM


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Growth monitoring

Family planning

Sanitation

All infants should weighted periodically and their growth chartmaintained

This help to identify children at risk of malnutrition early

Family limitation and spacing of birth will lower infant mortality

Exposure to infection through contaminated food and

polluted water, flies and poor housing pose hazards will

increase risk of infant death


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Provision of primary health care

Socio economic development

All those involved in maternity care should collaborate and workas a team

Prenatal care must be improved with a view to detecting mothers

with high risk factors and those with high risk must be

hospitalized

Special care baby units must be provided for all babies weighing

less than 2000g Proper referral services

Include spread of education, improvement of nutritionalstandards, provision of safe water and basic sanitation,

improvement of housing conditions, growth of agriculture and

industry, availability of commerce and communication


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Educating women will decrease the infantmortality

infant mortality rate in india

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