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    Heat TransferEquipment

    Some Industrial Applications

    Teo Chee Seng

    17 Feb 2015

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    Types of eat !"changersTypical Applications in #il re$nery Cryogenic applications in %&' industry

    (esign #perations )endors *ractical aspects

    Agenda

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    +s can be broadly di,ided by the follo-ingapplications eat e"change eg. Cold crude oil ,ersus hot

    column residue

    /oilers eg. Steam reboilers distillation columnreboilers

    Cooler eg. ater coolers air $n coolers

    Chillers eg. Chilled -ater coolers

    Cryogenic eg. *ropane refrigeration coolers airseparation +s

    Types of HXs

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    Shell and Tube S3T4 +s are the maority ater coolers 6 trim coolers or rundo-n

    coolers

    Air cooled +s 6 distillation columncondensers Steam heaters 6 reboilers or preheater ot oil heaters 6 closed loop process

    heating

    Typical Applications in oilrenery

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    Preheat Train Simplied FlowScheme in !"

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    rude Pre#heat networ$

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    Preheat Train

    eat transfer through S3T +s (esign of heat e"change net-or is

    optimised by matching temperature le,elconsideringo application of pinch technology in design

    o spiral heat inserts8 special ba9es

    !:ciency of net-or has an impact on unitthroughput and fuel consumptiono application of online chemical cleaning

    o optimi;ation of cleaning schedule

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    *late e"changers in %&' plants air separationunits

    Spool -ound heat e"changers in %&'li

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    %&' Tans )aporisers

    **umps

    /#'Compressor

    SecondBeteringStation etc.

    BeteringStation

    /T adustment Dodorisation

    @econdenser

    %&' Carrier

    Flare D)ent

    InEtan*umps

    tilities

    Typical &'( )ecei*ing Terminal FlowScheme

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    +pen )ac$ ,apori-er

    ORV conceptional flow

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    #pen @ac )apori;er

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    Su.merged om.ustion ,apori-er E/t ,iew

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    Su.merged om.ustion ,apori-er 0nt ,iew

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    /ans of Air Cooled eat !"changers areused as condensers in baseload %&'li

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    Aluminium + for enhanced

    heat transfer )ery specialised e

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    Ser,ice 6 fouling D corrosi,eHTemperature di=erence D approach Allo-ableDa,ailable pressure drop

    #3B philosophy Applicable codes and regulations CA*!+ D #*!+

    !esign 2 (eneral onsiderations

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    +*erall Heat Transferoe3cients

    &ote the

    lo-er#TC forgasEgas

    +

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    HX TE4A classication

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    !esign odes

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    Fi"ed TubesheetT!BA type/!B4 Cheap and easy

    construction

    Tubes $"ed onboth ends8 tubee"ternal notaccessible forcleaning

    tube T!BA

    type /!4 'ood for large

    di=erential Ts

    %imited internaltube cleaning

    ommon S5T

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    Floating ead T!BAtype /!S4 Allo- access to shell 3

    tube e"ternal for cleaning

    'ood for large dTs

    !"pensi,e

    ettle @eboiler Beant for ,aporising

    medium either heatingeg. (istillation columnbottom reboilers or

    chilling lie propanerefrigerant

    )apour space allo-sli

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    A4 *C! /4 *late Fin type #ften applied for narro-

    temperature di=erences andclean ser,ices lie air &2natural gas etc

    Plate type HE

    A /

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    Typical >tas? for process engineer is to monitor the e=ecti,eness ofheat e"change net-or

    JH %o-er e:ciency means increased $ring in furnaces leading to more burning

    more fuel and higher costs

    !:ciency reduces -ith time due to >fouling?

    o- to monitorH Trending the o,erall heat transfer coe:cient of indi,idual +s or groups of

    +s

    There is no #TC meterK #TC has to be bac calculated based ontemperatures and Lo-rates

    An alternati,e is to monitor the fouling factors 6 essentially the same principle

    as #TC >normalisation? to the right Lo-rates and temperature is important as

    di=erernt Lo-rates and temperature can ha,e signi$cant e=ect on #TCcalculations

    (ecide -hen to clean and -hat to cleanK

    +perations 2 Process 4onitoring607

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    E/ample 2 Preheat Train

    ey process parameters to monitor areo Furnace Inlet Temperatureo Indi,idual e"changer heat transfer coe:cient

    trendso Indi,idual e"changer delta *

    *i" sho-ing tube internal cleaning of the tubebundle

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    For -ater coolers and air coolers there are often noLo-meters and temperature meters on theairD-ater side

    Bonitoring is often by setting a >baseline? eg after a

    maintenance shutdo-n -hen e

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    S3T +s e

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    eat e"changers are crucial pieces of e

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    Bo,ie on heat e"changer incident at theTesoro re$nery httpsGDD---.htri.netD

    httpGDD---.tema.orgD *rices

    Some lin$s

    https://www.htri.net/http://www.tema.org/http://www.tema.org/http://www.alibaba.com/premium/heat_exchanger.html?uptime=20140729&ptsid=1012000053633299&crea=48574679421&plac=&netw=g&device=c&ptscode=0110202010030001http://www.alibaba.com/premium/heat_exchanger.html?uptime=20140729&ptsid=1012000053633299&crea=48574679421&plac=&netw=g&device=c&ptscode=0110202010030001http://www.tema.org/http://www.tema.org/https://www.htri.net/https://www.htri.net/

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