Slide 1

Introduction to the Industrial Revolution

Slide 2

Shift from the Agrarian World

• Agricultural Revolution – New farming methods invented

• Lord Townshend in England introduced crop rotation – land could now be used year-round; certain crops revitalized soil

• Enclosure movement had large land owners buying and then fencing public land

Slide 3

Shift from the Agrarian World

• Smaller farmers pushed off of land to work as wage laborers for various land owners or to move to the growing cities

• More food produced = population increase

• In 1700 there were about 100 million people in Europe, by 1800 the population had grown to 190 million.

Slide 4

Textile Industry Takes Off

• Domestic system (cottage industry) had dominated the early 1700s; merchants dropped off raw materials at people’s homes, picked up finished products later

Slide 5

Textile Industry Takes Off

• Series of inventions modernize textile manufacturing, including:

• 1733 - Flying Shuttle (John Kay) – Used to weave cloth

The Spinning Jenny

Slide 6

Textile Industry Takes Off

• 1760 – Spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves) – Allowed for multiple threads to be woven together

• 1769 – Water Frame (Richard Arkwright) – Used water to power the spinning frame

The Spinning Jenny

Slide 7

Textile Industry Takes Off

• 1785 – Water Loom (Edmund Cartwright) – First machine that could weave cloth

• 1793 – Cotton Gin (Eli Whitney) – Machine that separated cotton seeds from the cotton

Plans for the Cotton Gin

Slide 8

Textile Industry Takes Off

• These advancements resulted in the movement of work from the home to the factory

Plans for the Cotton Gin

Slide 9

Britain Industrializes First

• 1715-1850• Many natural

resources available in Britain, including large amounts of coal and iron

Slide 10

Britain Industrializes First• Geographical

advantages include a large river system for water power and many natural harbors for easy trade

• A strong, stable government allowed a strong, stable economy to develop which resulted in extra money to invest

Slide 11

Britain Industrializes First

• Colonial empire provided much needed raw materials and markets

• Spreads to continental Europe, United States of America, and Japan between 1850 and 1914

Slide 12

Changes Brought by the Industrial Revolution

• Invention of the steam engine in 1763 by James Watt shifts labor from humans and animals to machines

• Inventions continue to make life, manufacturing, and farming easier and better

• Continuous reinvestment of profits fuel even greater growth

• Inventions in one area often led to inventions in others

• Transportation and communication systems are greatly enhanced

Slide 13

Changes Brought by the Industrial Revolution

• Cities begin to dominate the western world• Creates a new social order with the rise of an

influential middle class• Poor working conditions for lower classes

eventually lead to new social and political movements

• Need for markets and resources force Europeans to take over foreign lands (imperialism)

Slide 14

Please switch on your Qwizdom handsets

As part or the agricultural revolution what did Lord Townshend introduce

which revitalised the soil?

A) Land Rotation

B) Crop Rotation

C) Worker Rotation

Slide 15

Crop Rotation

Slide 16

More food produced = Population Increase

True or False

In 1700 the population in Europe was c.100 million and by 1800 it had

grown to 150 million

Slide 17

FALSE!

By 1800 the population of Europe was c.190 million

Slide 18

Inventions of the industrial revolution

Pick the correct dates

Slide 19

John Kay: Flying Shuttle

A) 1723

B) 1733

C) 1743

D) 1753

Slide 20

1733

Slide 21

James Hargreaves: Spinning Jenny

A) 1740

B) 1750

C) 1760

D) 1770

Slide 22

1760

Slide 23

Richard Arkwright: Water Frame

A) 1769

B) 1779

C) 1789

Slide 24

1769

Slide 25

Edmund Cartwright: Water Loom

A) 1775

B) 1785

C) 1795

Slide 26

1785

Slide 27

Eli Whitney: Cotton Gin

A) 1793

B) 1803

C) 1813

Slide 28

1793

Slide 29