THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

It began in Britain in the 1760s It moved to northern Europe and North

America.

LIFE IN BRITAIN BEFORE THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Most people worked on farms. They lived in the country and grew their own

food.

LIFE IN BRITAIN BEFORE THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Clothes and furniture were made by hand at home from wool, wood and leather.

There were craftsmen who worked in their own shops and made lots of different things like clothes, jewellery, tools and weapons.

FACTORS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

POPULATION RISES IN CITIES

Between 1700 and 1800 the population in Europe grew from 115 million to 187 million people.

FACTORS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

NEED FOR PRODUCTS PRODUCED IN MASS QUANTITIES

Causes: the increase in population The changes in people´s living

conditions. People in the cities often could not grow

their own food or make things by hand as they did in the country.

FACTORS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

NEED FOR NEW MACHINERY It was difficult to make products in great

quantity by hand. The machines were invented to save time

and produce a variety of different products in bigger quantities.

FACTOR OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

NEED FOR FACTORIES Factories were built for these new

machines. The production was increased.

FACTORS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

NEED FOR MORE WORKERS

With every new factory workers were needed.

More and more people moved to the cities.

SOME IMPORTANT INVENTIONS

THE STEAM ENGINE

In 1795 the Scotsman James Watt invented the first modern steam engine. This was a great invention because it created the energy to move the big machines used in industry, transportation and agriculture.

SOME IMPORTANT INVENTIONS

THE STEAM ENGINE

SOME IMPORTANT INVENTIONS

THE SPINNING JENNY

The invention of the spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves, c.1764) created a major change in textile industry.

.

SOME IMPORTANT INVENTIONS

•Machines could not now make cloth quickly.

•People stopped making it at home and went to work in textile factories.

•In the 1770s cotton factories opened all over Britain. •The textile industry became very important and Britain sold cotton and wool to other countries

SOME IMPORTANT INVENTIONS

• STEAM TRAINS AND RAILWAYS• In 1814 George Stephenson invented the

first steam engine for railways. • It pulled a train of eight heavy coal

carriages.

SOME IMPORTANT INVENTIONS

• From 1822-1825 Stephenson built the first railway in the world that carried both cargo and passengers, the Stockton and Darlington Railway in the north-east of England.

• There were carriages for four hundred and fifty people.

SOME IMPORTANT INVENTIONS

• The railway changed people´s lives in Britain and in other countries.

• It was faster and cheaper than other types of transport.

• With cheaper thansport costs businesses could sell their products in many new places, and people could travel more and more.

QUESTIONS

• When did the Industrial Revolution began?• Why did the people need to make products

in mass quantities?• How was life before the Industrial

Revolution?• How did the craftsmen work in their shop?• What were the changes in the way of

making products?• What was the purpose of the machines?

QUESTIONS

• Where were these machines placed?

• Why did the people move to the cities?

• What did James Watt invent?

• What did the steam engine need to produce steam?

• Which invention created a major change in textile industry?

• What did Stephenson invent?

• How did the railway change people´s life?

QUESTIONS

• Write your answers in a piece of paper and give it to your teacher.

Activity made by Isabel Aguña.

Geography and History Teacher. IES Claudio Prieto