industrial revolution 1
TRANSCRIPT
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Industrial Revolution
By J. Collins
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Industrial Revolution
The IR is when people stopped making stuff at home and started making stuff in factories.
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Cottage Industry
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Factory system
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Cotton gin
• His cotton gin removed the seeds out of raw cotton.
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Steam E
ngine
• The steam engine was not just a transportation device. It ran entire factories the way rivers used to.
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Steam engine
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Railroads
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Transcontinental R
R
• The transcontinental railroad made travel across the country faster, cheaper and more efficient.
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• The transcontinental RR met in Utah
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Canals
• Canals are manmade waterways dug between 2 large bodies of water.
• The Erie Canal was a short cut from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes.
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Erie C
anal 1825
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Panam
a Canal
• The Panama Canal was a shortcut from the Atlantic to the Pacific (or backwards).
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Panam
a Canal
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Telegraph
• Samuel Morse invented the telegraph. It communicated using a series of beeps (Morse code).
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telephone
• Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
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Robber B
arons
• Andrew Carnegie owned US Steel.
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• Steel Mill at night.
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Robber B
arons
• John D. Rockefeller owned the railroads and the oil industries
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Monopoly
• Carnegie and Rockefeller ran their competition out of business.
• A monopoly is when one company controls the entire industry.
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Thom
as Edison
• The light bulb allowed factories to work at night.
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• Phonograph
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Edison’s inventions
• Motion picture camera
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Immigration
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Pull factors
• Immigrants come to the USA for jobs and opportunities.
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• Pull factors are good stuff to bring immigrants here like jobs.
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• Jobs pulled immigrants here.
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• Free land was a pull factor
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Push factors
• Push factors are bad stuff to push immigrants away like war or disease. This is potato famine.
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• Many immigrants lived in tenements.
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tenement
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Child labor
• Many immigrants put their children to work ASAP.
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Child labor
• Shoeshine boys
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Child labor
• Bowling pin boys
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Child labor
• Coal miner boys
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Child labor
• Young miner
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• Girls were preferred over boys. They were paid less, had smaller hands.
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Progressivism
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Progressivism
• Progressivism is a series of reform movements during the late 1800 and early 1900s.
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Progressive goals
Progressives sought the following:
Temperance
Reform of the government
Suffrage for women
Better working conditions
More government regulation
Efficient industry
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Tem
perance Movem
ent
• Women fought to ban alcohol in America.
• They did this without the vote!
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Tem
perance movem
ent
• Women would go to saloons and start singing church hymns.
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Tem
perance movem
ent
• Later in 1920, they would be successful with the 18th Amendment which banned the sale or production of alcohol.
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Social welfare
• YMCA provided charity work for slum neighborhoods like classes and entertainment.
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Political R
eforms
• Progressives wanted big business out of politics.
• Progressives wanted more popular sovereignty.
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Political R
eforms
• Secret ballot – Progressives wanted people to vote without intimidation.
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Political R
eforms
• Recall – special election to get rid of a politician.
• Auhnold is governor of CA because of a recall election.
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Political reform
• Progressives reformed local governments by allowing people to introduce bills (initiative). A referendum is a vote on that initiative.
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Political reform
• The Seventeenth Amendment put more power into the peoples’ hands. It allowed for the direct election of US Senators. Before, state legislators would choose.
• Here are the Texas
Senators:
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Political reform
• Progressives wanted big business out of politics.
• Political machines controlled the political parties.
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Political R
eform
• One famous political machine was the Tammany Ring of NYC.
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• Political machines weren’t all bad. They provided jobs to immigrants and other services
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Econom
ic Reform
• The Sixteenth Amendment allows for a graduated income tax. That means the rich pay a higher percentage than poor people.
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Women’s suffrage
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Suffragists
• We hold these truths to be self evident that all men and women are created
equal.
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Suffragists
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the grandmother of the movement
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• Women all over the USA and Britain paraded and protested for suffrage.
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Wom
en’s suffrage
• Stanton and Susan B. Anthony fought for women’s rights.
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• WWI helped women get the vote because they worked so hard during WWI.
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• The Nineteenth Amendment gave women’s suffrage.
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Labor R
eform
• Labor unions struggled in the 1800s to fight for better working conditions (shorter work day, workers’ comp).
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Labor reform
• Unions went on strike, and they turned violent most of the time.
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Labor unions
• Skilled labor unions were more successful because they were harder to replace.
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• Progressives got laws passed that prohibited child labor.
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• Progressives passed laws limiting hours women worked.
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• Progressives passed laws requiring workplace safety.
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• Workplace safety.
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Progressive P
residents
• Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt
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• Teddy was the youngest president in history at the time.
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Trust buster
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• Roosevelt read The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, a muckraker
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• As a result, he passed the Meat Inspection Act and the Food and Drug Act
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1906
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Efficient industry
• While some progressives fought industry with labor unions and government regulation, others helped industry by using science in the workplace.
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• Taylorism – increasing efficiency through studies of human motion.
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Industrial efficiency
• Henry Ford learned that the less people had to move, the faster they would work.
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Ford’s assem
bly line
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• The first cars were very expensive.
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Model T
• The Model T was the first car that middle class people could afford.
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Model T
• The assembly line lowered the cost of the Model T from $825 to $300.
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