IndustrialandIntellectualPropertyRightsOctober2015JeanineRizzo

INTELLECTUALPROPERTY

•  ProductoftheMIND•  Istreatedasanasset,capableofbeingowned,soldandlicensed.

Whatisprotected?

IdeavExpression

•  VeryimportanttodisCnguishwhichpartistheidea,andwhichpartistheexpressionoftheidea.

•  Copyrightprotectstheexpressionoftheidea.•  UK:Overborrowingofskill,labourandjudgement•  US:1stnon-literaltest(structure,sequence,organisaCon) 2ndabstracCon,filtraCon,comparison.

WHICHARETHEINDUSTRIALANDINTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTS?

PatentsDesignRightsTradeMarksCopyright

SuiGenerisRights

GeographicalIndicaConsofOriginTradeSecrets

PATENTS

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PATENTSThefollowingdonotfallundermeaningofinvenCons:

(a)discoveries,scienCfictheoriesandmathemaCcalmethods;(b)aestheCccreaCons;(c)schemes,rulesandmethodsforperformingmentalacts,playinggamesordoingbusiness,andprogramsforcomputers;(d)presentaConsofinformaCon.

DuraCon:20yearsRequirementsforapatent:•  Novelty•  InvenCveStep•  CapableofIndustrialApplicaCon

DESIGNRIGHTS

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DESIGNRIGHTS•  ProtecConforoutwardappearanceofaproductorpartofit,resulCngfrom

thefeatures(inparCcular,thelines,contours,colours,shape,textureand/ormaterials)oftheproductitselfand/oritsornamentaCon.

•  DesignrightiniCallyhasalifeof5yearsfromthedateoffilingandcanberenewedinperiodsoffiveyearsuptoamaximumof25years.

•  Requirements:-novelty-individualcharacter-looknotsolelydictatedbythefuncConand-notagainstpublicmoralityandpublicorder

TRADEMARKS

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TRADEMARKSanysigncapableofbeingrepresentedgraphically

whichiscapableofdis:nguishinggoodsorservicesofoneundertakingfromthoseofotherundertakings.

Exclusive rights last for 10 years, and can berenewedadinfinitum.Stopsothersfromusing:

IdenCcalsignonidenCcalgoodsSimilar sign on idenCcal goods, or idenCcal signon similar goods – if there is likelihood ofconfusion.

TRADEMARKS

SMELLS?

=

Roses/Floralsmell Sumitomo(nowDunlop)tyres

DiluIon•  AUSconcept•  Has infiltrated intoEU legislaCon–butonlyforwellknownmarks, or markswithareputa-on. e.g.: advert says:“the Rolls Royce ofphoto-copiers”

-WhatwillLouisVuiConsay?

COPYRIGHT

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COPYRIGHT•  Literaryworks•  ArCsCcworks•  Musicalworks•  Audiovisualworks•  Databases

COPYRIGHT–SOMEESSENTIALS•  Culturalvalueafachedtoauthorship

•  Givesthecreatorofaworkexclusiverightsoverthatwork

•  Tosubsist,theworkmustbefixedandoriginal

•  Lastsforlifeofauthor+70yrspostmor:sautoris[aneconomicincenCvetocreate?]

HISTORYOFCOPYRIGHT

CommonLaw•  Late1500s[UKStaConer’s

protecCon]•  Focusontheinvestment

andtherecording•  Useofskill,labourand

judgment[UK]•  Sweatofthebrow[US]•  Rewardspersonmaking

investment

CivilLaw•  Focusontheoriginalworks

ofexpression•  Theauthor’sown

intellectualcreaCon•  Animprintoftheauthor’s

personality•  Rewardstheauthor

HISTORYOFCOPYRIGHT•  BerneConvenCon[1886]•  Protectsauthorsandtheir

rightsintheir“literaryandarCsCcworks”

•  NaConalTreatment/Reciprocity

•  Imposesminimumstandards

•  OutlawedregistraCon•  Minimumterm:life+

50yrs

•  TRIPS[1994]•  StarCngpointisthat

MembersmustcomplywithBerne–thusmakingBernethebasisofCopyrightlaw

•  IdeavExpressionlaiddown•  Computerprogramsas

literaryworks•  IntroducConofrentalright

•  NewdirecCongivenfromtheEuropeanUnion–  Seenas“dirigisme”

DEFINITIONS

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• "audiovisualwork"meansaworkthatconsistsofaseriesofrelatedimageswhichimparttheimpressionofmoCon,withorwithoutaccompanyingsounds,suscepCbleofbeingmadevisibleand,whereaccompaniedbysounds,suscepCbleofbeingmadeaudible

• "musicalwork"meansanymusicalwork,irrespecCveofmusicalquality,andincludesworkscomposedformusicalaccompaniment

• "literarywork"shallinclude,irrespecCveofliteraryquality,anyofthefollowing,orworkssimilarthereto:(a)novels,storiesandpoeCcalworks;(b)plays,stagedirecCons,choreographicworksorentertainmentindumbshow,filmscenariosandbroadcasCngscript;(c)textbooks,treaCses,histories,biographies,essaysandarCcles;(d)encyclopaediasanddicConaries;(e)lefers,reportsandmemoranda;(f)lectures,addressesandsermons;(g)computerprograms.

• "arIsIcwork"shallinclude,irrespecCveofarCsCcquality:(a)painCngs,drawings,etchings,lithographs,woodcuts,engravingsandprints;(b)maps,plans,diagramsandthree-dimensionalworksrelaCvetogeography,scienceortopography,butexcludingsemiconductorproducttopographies;(c)worksofsculpture;(d)photographsnotcomprisedinanaudiovisualwork;(e)worksofarchitectureintheformofbuildingsormodels;and(f)worksofarCsCccraosmanship,includingpictorialwovenCssuesandarCclesofappliedhandicraoandindustrialart

Sowhatwouldthisbe?

NEIGHBOURINGANDMORALRIGHTS

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NEIGHBOURINGANDMORAL

NeighbouringRights•  Producers,performers,broadcasters

•  Termsof70yearsfromdateofproducCon/publicaCon

MoralRights•  RighttobeidenCfiedasauthor

•  Righttoobjecttoderogatorytreatment

•  RightagainstfalseafribuCon

•  Righttoprivacyinprivatephotos/films

•  TermaslongasCopyright

RESTRICTIONSANDLIMITATIONS

Copyrightistheexclusiverighttoauthoriseorprohibit the doing in Malta in respect ofprotectedmaterial,initstotalityorsubstan:alpart thereof, either in its original form or inany form recognisably derived from theoriginalanyofthefollowingac:ons:

RESTRICTEDACTS•  ReproducIon– directorindirect,temporaryorpermanent,byanymeansandinanyform,inwholeorinpart

– evendigital;•  Rental&Lending•  DistribuIon•  TranslaIonandAdaptaIon– evenintoothercomputerlanguages

•  BroadcasIng•  Displayorperformancetothepublic•  MakingAvailable-AtaCmeandplacechosenbytheuser

EXCEPTIONS

•  Transientandincidentalcopies•  ReproducConforprivateuse•  ReproducConforthepurposeofteachingorscienCficresearch

•  ReproducConbythepress,aslongassourceisindicated

•  Accidentalinclusionofworksinpublicplaces•  Caricatureandparody•  ReproducConsofbroadcastsmadebysocialinsCtuCons

THEDIGITALDIVIDE

SUIGENERISRIGHTS

SuiGeneris•  SEMICONDUCTORPRODUCTTOPOGRAPHIES

–  meansaseriesofrelatedimages,howeverfixedorencoded,represenCngthethreedimensionalpafernofthelayersofwhichasemiconductorproductiscomposedandinwhichseries,eachimagehasthepafernorpartofthepafernofasurfaceofthesemiconductorproductatanystageofitsmanufacture

•  DATABASES

–  meansacollecConofindependentworks,dataorothermaterialsarrangedinasystemaCcormethodicalwayandindividuallyaccessiblebyelectronicorothermeanswithoutitbeingnecessaryforthesematerialstohavebeenphysicallystoredinanorganisedmanner

GEOGRAPHICALINDICATIONSOFORIGIN

•  AgeographicalindicaConisasignusedongoodsthathaveaspecificgeographicaloriginandpossessqualiCes,reputaConorcharacterisCcsthatareessenCallyafributabletothatplaceoforigin.

•  Mostcommonly,ageographicalindicaConincludesthenameoftheplaceoforiginofthegoods.

•  AgriculturalproductstypicallyhavequaliCesthatderivefromtheirplaceofproducConandareinfluencedbyspecificlocalfactors,suchasclimateandsoil.

•  WhetherasignisrecognizedasageographicalindicaConisamaferofnaConallaw.

•  GeographicalindicaConsmaybeusedforawidevarietyofproducts,whethernatural,agriculturalormanufactured.

TRADESECRETS

•  Broadlyspeaking,anyconfidenCalbusinessinformaConwhichprovidesanenterpriseacompeCCveedgemaybeconsideredatradesecret.Tradesecretsencompassmanufacturingorindustrialsecretsandcommercialsecrets.

•  TheunauthoriseduseofsuchinformaConbypersonsotherthantheholderisregardedasanunfairpracCceandaviolaConofthetradesecret.

•  Thesubjectmaferoftradesecretsisusuallydefinedinbroadtermsandincludessalesmethods,distribuConmethods,consumerprofiles,adverCsingstrategies,listsofsuppliersandclients,andmanufacturingprocesses.WhileafinaldeterminaConofwhatinformaConconsCtutesatradesecretwilldependonthecircumstancesofeachindividualcase,clearlyunfairpracCcesinrespectofsecretinformaConincludeindustrialorcommercialespionage,breachofcontractandbreachofconfidence.

ThankyouJeanineRizzo