indonesian values and knowledge sharing behavior: an extended model of the theory of planned...

7/27/2019 Indonesian Values and Knowledge Sharing Behavior: an Extended model of the Theory of Planned Behavior

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Paper presented at Global Conference 2014: The Post-2015 Development Aenda!

"#d$ %#h#r &n$vers$t'

(a)arta* 24-2+ ,arch 2014

Indonesian Values and Knowledge Sharing Behavior:

An Extended Model of the Theory of Planned Behavior

abr$na ./ $homb$n

"#s$ness chool&n$vers$tas Pel$ta arapan* ndones$a

sabr$nas$homb$nma$l/com

Abstrat

har$n behav$or $s a central theme $n man' rel$$on teach$n/ har$n $nvolves man' th$ns/ 3e ma'

share o#r tho#hts* $nformat$on* and )nolede $th others/ har$n $s a part of o#r da$l' l$fe/ .ne

$mportant aspect d$rect people behav$or $s val#es/ al#es are hat people bel$eve that do$n someth$n $s

ood or bad/ 6el$$on* democrac' and harmon' are ma$n ndones$an val#es/ Th$s st#d' e7am$nes the

relat$onsh$p beteen ndones$an val#es and )nolede shar$n b' appl'$n the theor' of planned behav$or

8TP"9/ Cross-sect$onal data as collected from 4+ st#dents $n f$ve c$t$es $n ndones$a: (a)arta* Taneran*

"and#n* emaran and #raba'a/ tr#ct#ral e;#at$on model$n 8or e7amples* shar$n )nolede can be cond#cted b'

comm#n$cat$n $th others* meet$n* $v$n or)shop* ro#p d$sc#ss$on* tell$n stor$es* blo$n and

man' other a's 8,$tchell 2005? Ts#$ et al/ 200+9/ @nolede shar$n* $n fact* $s a part of o#r ever'da'l$fe/

nternet $s a so#rce of ac;#$r$n and shar$n )nolede 8aapala$nen and ,)$ranta 201B9/ ,an'

people share the$r e7per$ence* tho#ht and )nolede thro#h $nternet s#ch as post$n* blo$n* and$nteract$ons $n soc$al med$a 8Panah$ et al/ 20129/ nternet $s also as one $mportant th$n for m#ch 'o#n

enerat$on noada's/ The st#d' of ndones$an val#es $n relat$n $th )nolede shar$n behav$or

amon 'o#th has not flo#r$shed/ ,oreover* as far as researcher )nolede* that there has been l$m$ted

emp$r$cal research $nto $t/ Therefore* th$s st#d' a$ms to f$ll that ap b' add$n ndones$an val#es $nto the

theor' of planned behav$or to pred$ct )nolede shar$n behav$or amon ndones$an 'o#th $n the

$nternet/ Th#s* the rema$n$n of th$s paper $s therefore oran$=ed as follos/ >$rst* the follo$n sect$on

descr$bes the l$terat#re rev$e on )nolede shar$n* the theor' of planned behav$or* and ndones$an

val#es/ The research h'potheses are also $ncl#ded $n th$s sect$on/ econd* a descr$pt$on of the research

method $s prov$ded/ e7t* the f$nd$ns of the research are prov$ded and folloed b' concl#s$ons*

l$m$tat$ons and s#est$ons for f#t#re research/

#" $iterature %eview

#"! Knowledge sharing and the theory of &lanned behavior

@nolede shar$n $s def$ned as a behav$or that $nvolves the e7chane of $nformat$on or ass$stance to

others 8"oc) et al/ 20109/ "oc) et al 820109 also po$nted o#t a ma$n character$st$c of )nolede


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(a)arta* 24-2+ ,arch 2014

shar$n* that $s* a vol#ntar' process of transferr$n or d$ssem$nat$n )nolede from one $nd$v$d#al to

another $nd$v$d#al/

ome people share the$r )nolede/ everal research sho mot$vat$ons for shar$n )nolede s#ch as

reard 8"#ress 20059* perce$ved #sef#lness 83# and %ee 2009* perce$ved pla'f#lness 83# and %ee

2009* rec$procal benef$ts 8"#res 2005? %$n 2009* )nolede self-eff$cac' 8%$n 2009* eno'ment ofhelp$n others 8%$n 200? 3# and %ee 2009 and others/ oever* some people do not share the$r

)nolede as the' bel$eve $n a famo#s phrase )nolede $s poer!/ The phrase $mpl$es that $th)nolede $ll $ncrease ones $n the$r da$l' l$fe/ ome people also #se th$s phrase as the$r #st$f$cat$on

not to share the$r )nolede to others/

everal theor$es have been also appl$ed to st#d' the )nolede shar$n behav$or/ Theor' of reasoned

act$on 8e//* Allameh et al/ 2012? Cas$m$r et al/ 2012? bra$mova et al/ 2012? ,on)olaaa et al/

20129 and the theor' of planned behav$or 8e//* Goh and andh# 201B? Chen and #an 2012? @#an

et al/ 2012? A#la$ et al/ 200E? $homb$n 200E? %$n and %ee 20049 are theor$es that fre;#entl'

appl$ed $n e7pla$n$n )nolede shar$n behav$or/ Th$s research appl$es the theor' of plannedbehav$or to pred$ct )nolede shar$n behav$or thro#h $nternet/ >#rthermore* th$s research e7tends

the theor' of planned behav$or b' add$n ndones$an val#es/ To the best of m' )nolede* th$s $s the

f$rst st#d' h$ch tr$es to pred$ct 'o#th )nolede shar$n behav$or thro#h $nternet b' e7tend$n the

theor' of planned behav$or $th ndones$an val#es/

The theor' of planned behav$or $s the central of th$s research model/ The theor' of planned behav$or $s

a eneral and pars$mon$o#s model that can pred$ct a rane of behav$or 8Corner and Abraham 20019/

The theor' $s an e7tens$on of the theor' of reasoned act$on 8T6A? A=en and >$shbe$n 1EF09/ TheTP" $s made necessar' b' the or$$nal models l$m$tat$ons $n deal$n $th behav$ors over h$ch

people have $ncomplete vol$t$onal control 8A=en 1EE19/ The theor' s#ests that people behav$or $s

$nfl#enced b' behav$oral $ntent$on/ "ehav$oral $ntent$on $s shaped b' three factors: att$t#de toard the

behav$or* s#bect$ve norm* and perce$ved behav$oral control/ Att$t#de $s def$ned as peoples overall

def$n$t$on of the$r perform$n behav$or/ #bect$ve norms refer to peoples percept$on of soc$al

press#re to perform the behav$or/ Perce$ved behav$oral control meas#res the ease or d$ff$c#lt' to

perform the behav$or/ "r$efl'* the theor' shos that the more favorable the att$t#de and s#bect$ve

norm and perce$ved behav$oral control* the stroner people $ntent$on to perform the behav$or 8A=en

1EE19/

#"# 'y&otheses (evelo&)ent

The relationship between intention and knowledge sharing

ntent$on $s one central var$able that e7pla$n people behav$or/ Accord$n to the theor' of planned

behav$or* $ntent$on $s ma$n antecedent factor $n e7pla$n$n people behav$or/ People $th stron

$ntent$on $ll perform the behav$or/ everal st#d$es also conf$rm the relat$onsh$p beteen $ntent$on andbehav$or 8Ca$ and hannon 2011? Teh and Hon 2011? Teh et al/ 2011? Ihan 2011? Cho$ et al/ 200F?

%$n and %ee* 20049/ Th#s* h'pothes$s 1 $s proposed as follos:

1: ntent$on to share )nolede $ll pos$t$vel' $nfl#ence )nolede shar$n behav$or/

The influences of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control toward intention

The theor' of planned behav$or shos that there are three ma$n pred$ctors of people $ntent$on/ Thosepred$ctors are att$t#de* s#bect$ve norms* and perce$ved behav$oral control/ Att$t#de $s def$ned as

people eval#at$on toard obect8s9/ t der$ved from people bel$ef and eval#at$on/ everal st#d$es

shos the s$n$f$cant relat$onsh$p beteen att$t#de and $ntent$on 86ahab and 3ah'#n$ 201B?

bra$mova et al/ 2012? @#an et al/ 2012? Ca$ and hannon 2011? ,ahmood et al/ 2011? Teh and


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(a)arta* 24-2+ ,arch 2014

Hon 2011? Teh et al/ 2011? Ihan 2011? "oc) et al/ 2010? Chen et al/ 200E? %$n 200? 3# and %$

200? %$n and %ee 20049/ Therefore* h'pothes$s 2 $s proposed as follos:

2: Att$t#de to share )nolede $ll pos$t$vel' $nfl#ence $ntent$on to share )nolede

#bect$ve norm $s def$ned as peoples percept$on of soc$al press#re to perform the behav$or 8A=en*1EE19/ n other ords* people $ll have $ntent$on to do someth$n hen s$n$f$cant others s#pport $n

do$n someth$n/ 6esearches sho that parents and fr$ends are ma$n soc$al $nfl#ences for man''o#n people $n da$l' act$v$t$es 8,al$ca 2011? (a ort sl/ 200E? aer et al/ 20019/ >#rthermore* a

relat$onsh$p beteen s#bect$ve norms and $ntent$on has been shon $n man' research 86ahab and

3ah'#n$ 201B? bra$mova 2012? @#an et al/ 2012? ,ahmood et al/ 2011? Teh and Hon 2011? Teh

et al/ 2011? Chen et al/ 200E? %$n and %ee 20049/ Th#s* the follo$n h'pothes$s $s proposed:

B: #bect$ve norms $ll pos$t$vel' $nfl#ence $ntent$on to share )nolede

The theor' of planned behav$or $s an e7tens$on of the theor' of reasoned act$on 8T6A9/ Perce$vedbehav$oral control $s a var$able that added to the T6A $n order to $ncl#de behav$ors that are not

ent$rel' #nder vol$t$onal control* s#ch as d$et$n and $v$n #p smo)$n/ To accommodate s#ch

behav$ors* A=en added a var$able called perce$ved behav$oral control h$ch refers to the perce$ved

ease or d$ff$c#lt' of perform$n the behav$or/ A relat$onsh$p beteen perce$ved behav$oral control and

$ntent$on has been shon $n man' researches 8@#an et al/ 2012? Ihan 2011? %$n and %ee 20049

Therefore* h'pothes$s 4 $s proposed as follos:

4: Perce$ved behav$oral control $ll pos$t$vel' $nfl#ence $ntent$on to share )nolede

#"* The value+attitude+behavior hierarhy

al#e $s def$ned as #nderl'$n bel$efs abo#t ho one o#ht or o#ht not to behave 86o)each* 1E+F9/ n

other ords* val#es are #$d$n pr$nc$ples for people to behave $n the$r da$l' l$fe/ Th$s $s beca#se

val#es prov$de an $nternal reference for hat $s r$ht or ron* ood or bad* #sef#l or not #sef#l*

constr#ct$ve or destr#ct$ve* and man' other th$ns 8Chodh#r' and Am$n 20019/ 6esearch shos that

personal val#es have been shon to $nfl#ence o#r cons#mpt$on 8Groppel-@le$n and Germelmann2005? "#d$man and .Cass 2009? ecolo$cal cons#mpt$on 8>ra and ,art$ne= 200+? ,#eller et al/20119? or) performance 83an and #an 201B? G#stomo et al/ 2011? @a#sal and (anh#a 20119?

and o#r shopp$n behav$or 8Ca$ and hannon 20129/

omer and @ahles 81EFF9 proposed a model that called the val#e-att$t#de-behav$or model/ The model

shos a h$erarch' of con$t$ons $n h$ch the $nfl#ence theoret$call' flos from more abstract

con$t$ons 8$/e/* val#es9 to m$d-rane con$t$ons 8$/e/* att$t#des9 to spec$f$c behav$ors/ everal st#d$es

also s#pport the val#e-att$t#de-behav$or l$n) 8Ca$ and hannon 2011? @$m and Ch#n 20119/ n th$s

present st#d'* val#e refers to ndones$an val#es h$ch $nvolves rel$$on* democrac'* and harmon'

val#es/ $homb$n 8201B9 $dent$f$ed ndones$an val#es h$ch shoed the c#rrent ndones$an val#es

can be operat$onal$=ed $th B5 $tems alon seven d$mens$ons/ Those d$mens$ons are m#t#al ass$stance*

democrac'* rel$$on* harmon'* hosp$tal$t'* rel$$o#s fanat$c$sm* and $nd$v$d#al$sm/ .n the other hand*

the e7tens$ve DA% $tems 8$/e/* B5 $tems9 m$ht prevent f#rther research appl'$n the $tems/ Th#s*$t $s then des$rable to shorten the scale $n order to foc#s on core elements of ndones$an val#es for to

ma$n reasons s#ch as enhance both poer and pred$ct$ve eff$c$enc' 8Cra$ and D#rvas#la 20009* and

short scale can be eas$l' adm$n$stered to respondent 8@ohl$ et al/ 1EEB* c$ted b' @e$llor and #lt 1EEE9/

6el$$on* democrac' and harmon' are ndones$an val#es are short-form scales/ Th$s research appl$ed

the short-form of ndones$an val#es/ Then* $t $s h'pothes$=ed that:

5: 6el$$on $ll have a pos$t$vel' $nfl#ence att$t#de to share )nolede

+: Democrac' $ll have a pos$t$vel' $nfl#ence att$t#de to share )nolede


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(a)arta* 24-2+ ,arch 2014

: armon' $ll have a pos$t$vel' $nfl#ence att$t#de to share )nolede

>$#re 1 $ll#strated the proposed research model/

ndones$an al#es

5

2 + 1

B

4

>$#re 1: The proposed research model

*" Methods

Sa)&le" #bects for th$s research ere #nderrad#ate st#dents from 5 c$t$es $n ndones$a s#ch as

(a)arta* Taneran* "and#n* emaran* and #raba'a/

Measures" Th$s research meas#red e$ht constr#cts: att$t#de toard )nolede-shar$n* s#bect$ve

norms* perce$ved behav$oral control* $ntent$on* )nolede-shar$n behav$or* and ndones$an val#es

8rel$$on* democrac'* and harmon'9/ The ;#est$onna$re of th$s research as based on m#lt$ple-$tem

scales ta)en from prev$o#s research/ All $tems ere meas#red #s$n a f$ve po$nt %$)ert scale 8ran$n

from 1 J stronl' d$saree to 5 J stronl' aree9/ All constr#cts $n the theor' of planned behav$or ere

adapted from $homb$n 8201B9* %$n 82009* and %$n and %ee 820049/

$homb$n 8201B9 has $dent$f$ed the c#rrent ndones$an val#es 8hereafter DA%9/ DA% can be

operat$onal$=ed $th B5 $tems alon seven d$mens$ons/ Those d$mens$ons are m#t#al ass$stance*

democrac'* rel$$on* harmon'* hosp$tal$t'* rel$$o#s fanat$c$sm* and $nd$v$d#al$sm/ .n the other hand*

the e7tens$ve DA% $tems 8$/e/* B5 $tems9 m$ht h$nder f#rther research appl'$n the $tems/

,oreover* $th a lon scale* there $s ala's a concern abo#t red#ndanc' beteen closel' related $tems

86#v$o et al/ 200F9/ Th$s research appl$ed a short-form DA% scale $th 1B $tems h$ch represents

three d$mens$ons: rel$$on* democrac'* and harmon'/

," %esults and (isussion

%es&onse rate" A p#rpos$ve sampl$n approach as #sed to collect data from st#dents $n 5 c$t$es $n

ndones$a 8(a)arta* Taneran* "and#n* emaran* and #raba'a9/ .#t of the 1000 ;#est$onna$resd$str$b#ted* F ere ret#rned/ Th$rt'-to ;#est$onna$res ere reected d#e to $ncomplete response/

Then 4+ ;#est$onna$res ere #sable ;#est$onna$res* $v$n response rate 4/+ per cent/ >#rthermore*

the sample of 4+ responses conta$ned 4/+ per cent men and 52/4 per cent omen/

Statisti desri&tive" The means* standard dev$at$ons* correlat$ons* and averae var$ance e7tracted for

rel$$on* democrac'* harmon'* att$t#de* s#bect$ve norms* perce$ved* and ob sat$sfact$on are shon $n

Table 1 and 2/

6el$$on

Democrac'

armon'

Att$t#de

#bect$v

e orms

ntent$onto hare

@noled

e har$n

Perce$ved

"ehav$oral

Control


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(a)arta* 24-2+ ,arch 2014

Table 1/ ,ean cores and tandard Dev$at$ons of the ar$ables

Variable Mean Std" (eviation

6el$$onDemocrac'

armon'

Att$t#de

#b/orms

P"C

ntent$on@no/har$n

4/1+1B/FEF1

4/21

B/5+BE

0/0EE

B/5F+F

B/5125B/4E02

0/4E40/BEF

0/50F

0/42E

0/F0E

0/+215

0/FBFE0/+B+

Table 2/ Correlat$ons and Averae ar$ance ornell L %arc)er* 1EF19/ The res#lts sho a ch$-s;#are val#e of E0E/+20 $th B4E

derees of freedom 8D>9 at the p J 0/000 level for a 2/+0+ ch$-s;#areMD> 8the ad#sted ch$-s;#are9/There $s no obv$o#s #$del$ne abo#t hat val#e of the ad#sted ch$-s;#are $s m$n$mall' acceptable/ To

s#est$on $s that the rat$o $s as lo as 1/0 8a$r et al/* 1EE59 and as h$h as 5/0 8@elloa'* 1EEB9/ Th#s*

a rat$o 2/+0+ $s $th$n the rane of acceptable model f$t/ .ther f$t $nd$ces sho a ood-f$t model 8G> J

0/E20* C> J 0/E4+* 6,


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Table 4/ tandard$=ed 6eress$on 3e$ht

Standardi-ed %egression

.eight

/ritial %atio

6el$$on16el$$on6el$$on26el$$on

6el$$onB6el$$on

6el$$on46el$$on

6el$$on56el$$on

Democrac'1Democrac'

Democrac'2Democrac'

armon'1armon'

armon'2armon'

armon'Barmon'

armon'4armon'

armon'5armon'

armon'+

armon'Att$t#de1Att$t#de

Att$t#de2Att$t#de

Att$t#deBAtt$t#de

#b/orms1 #b/orms

#b/orms2 #b/orms

#b/ormsB #b/orms

P"C1P"C

P"C2P"C

P"CBP"C

P"C4P"C

ntent$on1ntent$on

ntent$on2ntent$on

ntent$onBntent$on

@no/har$n1 @no/

har$n

@no/har$n2 @no/

har$n

@no/har$nB @no/

har$n

0/B00/+F4

0/52

0/F0

0/+0

0/5+1

0/++40/0F

0/50

0/F10

0/F2

0/1B

0/+0+

0/+0F

0/F15

0/E5

0/B10/F1B

0/F44

0/5F

0/+F

0/F02

0/0E

0/F+4

0/E050/FE

0/F10

0/F2

0/2

1/244

1F/F45

1E/4F5

1+/E04

F/E4+

1F/FFB

20/250

1E/+BE

1F/00F

15/BE+

15/B+5

15/B12

1E/EFB

20/2EB

15/022

15/BB4

14/B45

BB/4E1BB/0++

2B/+E

2B/02

The h'potheses ere tested #s$n str#ct#ral e;#at$on model$n/ Table 5 shos that most of the

h'pothes$=ed paths ere s$n$f$cat at the pN 0/01 level/ There are to paths that ere not s$n$f$cant*

that $s* the path from rel$$on to att$t#de 859 and the path from democrac' to att$t#de 8+9/ The modelf$t stat$st$cs ere C,MD> J B/0E* G> J 0/E05 * C> J 0/E2F* and 6,


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(a)arta* 24-2+ ,arch 2014

"ehav$oral Control

Att$t#de6el$$on 0/02F 0/502 0/+15 ot s#pported

Att$t#deDemocrac' 0/00F 0/10+ 0/E1+ ot s#pported

Att$t#dearmon' 0/2+4 4/02 0/000 #pported

(isussion

The obect$ve of th$s present research as to e7am$ne ndones$an val#es and the theor' of planned

behav$or to pred$ct )nolede shar$n behav$or thro#h $nternet/ The present st#d' has prov$ded some

ne $nformat$on to the l$m$ted st#d' concern$n the $nfl#ence of ndones$an val#es/ The res#lts sho

that harmon' 8as one d$mens$on of ndones$an val#es9 does have an effect on att$t#de toard shar$n

behav$or/ >#rthermore* th$s f$nd$n also prov$des emp$r$cal ev$dence concern$n the h$erarch' of val#e-

att$t#de-behav$or $n a non-3estern conte7t/ Prev$o#s research shoed that the maor$t' of past st#d$eson val#e-att$t#de-behav$or h$erarch' ere cond#cted $th 3estern val#es/

Th$s st#d' fo#nd that to o#t of three d$mens$ons of ndones$an val#es 8$/e/* rel$$on and democrac'9 do

not have effect on att$t#de toard )nolede shar$n/ ,an' rel$$on po$nt o#ts the $mportance of$v$n/ >or e7ample* shar$n $s one $mportant val#e for Chr$st$an bel$evers as ol' "$ble po$nted o#t

that G$ve and $t shall be $ven #nto 'o#! 8%#)e +:BF9/ ,an' ndones$an people are ,oslem/ ndones$a

$s also )non as the most moslem people $n the orld/ #rah Al-Ala;: 1-5 states the $mportance of

)nolede and po$nted o#t the obl$at$on for ever' ,#sl$m to see)* teach* and share )nolede

86ahman L asan* 200F9/ Th#s* shar$n or $v$n $s one Gods comm$ss$on to be appl$ed both for

,oslem and Chr$st$an bel$evers/

There $s not s$n$f$cant relat$onsh$p beteen rel$$on and att$t#de toard )nolede shar$n fo#nd $n

th$s research/ t can be #st$f$ed as man' rel$$ons are bel$eved to lead people $n da$l' behav$or s#ch as

help$n others* behave properl'* and man' others/ "#t* some people ma' behave properl' and help

others b#t not shar$n the$r )nolede/ n other ords* e can not e7pect people to share )nolede

s$mpl' beca#se $t $s the r$ht th$n to do 8,cDermott and .Dell 20019/

6esearch reveals several reasons for not shar$n )nolede/ >or e7ample* some people ma' not share)nolede beca#se of )nolede $s poer! s'ndrome/ Allee 81EE* c$ted b' ,$tchell* 20059 po$nted

o#t that some people bel$eve that )nolede $s poer - so hoard $t/ Another research shoed that

barr$ers to )nolede shar$n are fear of be$n perce$ved as s sho off 8Ard$chv$l$ et al/ 200+? Ch$)oore

201B9/

Th$s research fo#nd that there $s not s$n$f$cant relat$onsh$p beteen democrac' and att$t#de toard

)nolede shar$n/ Democrac' $s becom$n as one common ord for ndones$an people s$nce the

#hartos res$nat$on as a pres$dent of ndones$a $n ,a' 1EEF 8$homb$n 201B9/ $s res$nat$ontr$er to ndones$as trans$t$on to democrac'/ ndones$an people becom$n more open to reveal the$r

tho#hts and cho$ces $n man' th$ns/ ome people r$t$n the$r blo* act$ve $n ro#p d$sc#ss$on* orpost$n the$r tho#hts reard$n democrac' thro#h $nternet/ oada's* ndones$an people feel more

freel' to spea) #p or cr$t$c$=e the ndones$an overnment/ t can be stated that people ma' share the$r

tho#hts abo#t democrac'* b#t the' ma' not $ntend to share )nolede/ @nolede somet$mes $sperce$ved $th relat$n to ed#cat$on or s)$ll* b#t not for people $deas or tho#hts/ Therefore* some

people ma' share the$r tho#hts or $deas abo#t democrac'* b#t the' do not th$n that those $deas as

)nolede/

0" $i)itations and diretions for future researh


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Th$s research has several l$m$tat$ons to be ac)noleded/ >$rst* th$s research appl$ed non-probab$l$t'

sampl$n des$n to collect data/ n the spec$f$c* th$s research appl$es p#rpos$ve non-probab$l$t' des$n

sampl$n h$ch not reflect a sample of the hole pop#lat$on/ oever* th$s sample ma' be appropr$ate

for theor' test$n and development 86$os L 6$;#elme* 200+9/ >#rthermore* the res#lts can not be

eneral$=ed to the ent$re pop#lat$on of ndones$a/ 6espondents of th$s research ere chosen from 4 b$

c$t$es n ndones$a 8(a)arta* "and#n* emaran and #raba'a9 h$ch all those c$t$es located $n (avasland/ .n the other hand* ndones$a has man' b$ c$t$es b#t located $n other $slands 8e//* #matera

sland* #laes$ sland* and others9/ >#t#re research sho#ld appl' a reater d$vers$t' of c$t$es or $slands$n order to prov$de a comprehens$ve $dea abo#t the $nfl#ences of ndones$an 'o#th $n )nolede

shar$n/

econd* th$s research appl$ed cross-sect$onal research des$n h$ch prov$des a snapshot of respondents

at one po$nt $n t$me/ Therefore* th$s research can not prov$de descr$pt$on of the chanes or the stab$l$t'

of 'o#th val#es over t$me/ n other ords* th$s research cannot concl#s$vel' e7am$ne the ca#sal$t' $n

var$ables relat$onsh$p/ Th#s* f#t#re research ma' appl' d$fferent des$n method $n order to stat$st$call'

test the ca#sal$t'/

1" A2nowledge)ent

Th$s research $s f#nded b' >ac#lt' of


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(a)arta* 24-2+ ,arch 2014

O12 Ca$* H/ and hannon* 6/ 2012/ Personal val#es and mall shopp$n behav$or: the med$at$n role of

$ntent$on amon Ch$nese cons#mers/International Journal of &etail ( $istribution Management*

40* 4* 2E0-B1F/

O1B Cas$m$r* G/* * H//@/* and Chen* C/%/P/ 2012/ &s$n T to share )nolede and the T6A/ (o#rnal

of @nolede ,anaement* 1+* B* 4+1-4E/

O14 Chen* C/ and #an* C/ 2012/ @nolede shar$n behav$or $n )nolede manaement s'stem/Advances $n ra* o7* @/6/* Pae* A//* "roc)man* 6/ and Thompson* (/%/ 200E/ Development of scales to

assess ch$ldrens percept$ons of fr$end and parental $nfl#ences on ph's$cal act$v$t'/ InternationalJournal of "ehavioral utrition and %hysical Activity* +:+/

OB0 ,al$ca* "/@/ 2011/ Pred$ct$n adolescents health r$s) behav$ors/ &eview of %sychology* 1F* 2* 101-

10F/

OB1 ,on)oloaa* ,//* Pan$chpathom* / and arm'arn* A/ 2012/ The development of tac$t )noledeshar$n behav$or amon emplo'ees $n oran$=at$ons/ nternat$onal (o#rnal of "#s$ness and oc$al

6esearch* 2* 5* 15F-1+B/

OB2 @a#sal* /%/ and (anh#a* H/ 2011/ An emp$r$cal st#d' on relat$onsh$p beteen personal val#es and

performance val#es/ $machal Pradesh &n$vers$t' (o#rnal* (#l'* 1-F/
http://www.sba.muohio.edu/abas/2001/quebec/Chowdhury.pdfhttp://www.sba.muohio.edu/abas/2001/quebec/Chowdhury.pdf


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(a)arta* 24-2+ ,arch 2014

OBB @$m* /H/ and Ch#n* (/ 2011/ Cons#mer p#rchase $ntent$on for oran$c personal care prod#cts/

Journal of *onsumer Marketing* 2F* 1* 40-4/

OB4 @#an* %/C/* Dav$dson*


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indonesian values and knowledge sharing behavior: an extended model of the theory of planned...

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