Ari Muhammad and Muhammad Ridha Hakim Climate and Energy Program and Nusa Tenggara Program WWF Indonesia

Climate Change Adaptation Mainstreaming in Lombok Island, NTB: Perspectives of small island in facing climate change

risks

Background (1)

• Most of the area in Lombok island is coastal and sea.

• Most of the economic activities in main and strategic sectors are located in the coastal and sea area.

• From the potency of the coastal and sea of Lombok Island, there are three main economic sectors, they are: agriculture, fishery, and tourism.

• The population of Lombok island from 1994 until 1998 increases significantly, around 1.99% a year.

Background (2)• Island and sea areas in Lombok have

62 coastal villages that administratively included in 16 sub-district areas (from 22 sub-district).

• However, most of the population of Lombok island works in agriculture and plantation.

• The decline of economic development of NTB province as pictured above is not as bad as the national economic situation since the agricultural sector in NTB province still survives in facing the economic crisis (agriculture contribution in PDRB is 35.95% in 1997 and increasing in 1998 becomes 43.76%).

Climate Change in NTB

Based on the data of observation result, average temperature on Januar 1971 up to December 2006, generally there is an increase on the temperature of 0.5 OC. The highest average temperature is 27.6 oC and the lowest is 24.4 oC

There is an increase of maximum temperature up to 0.7 oC, while minimum temperature increases 1.2 oC

There is a change on rainy season from January-March on 1971 up to 2000 and then change into October-December on 2006;

On 2005 up to 2006 NTB area has changes on the rainy period. On 2006 the beginning of rainy season is in mid December, but in some of the NTB area rainy season has not started until the beginning of January 2007 (BMG Selaparang, 2007)

Climate Change Hazard Identification Climate Change Hazard Identification Rain Level Decrease on JanuaryRain Level Decrease on January

Climate data in the last 20 years:

There is a trend on changes of rain level and average temperature compared to the baseline (1961-1990)

There is a trend of changed on temperature related to the decrease of rain level !

J A S O N D J F M A M J0

100

200

300

400

500

Com

posi

te R

ainf

all (

mm

)

Obs. 1961-1990 Obs. 1991-2007

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100

100

200

300

400

500

600January Rainfall Record 1961-2007

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

Year

J A S O N D J F M A M J

24.5

25

25.5

26

26.5

27

27.5

28

28.5

Tem

pera

ture

( C

)

Obs. 1961-1990 Obs. 1991-2007

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

26

26.5

27

27.5

28

January Temperature Record 1961-2007

Tem

pera

ture

( C

)

Year

Problem Identification

• Very little understanding in the local government on the climate change issue.

• No policy, strategies, or programs adaptation in the local level.

STRATEGY AND ANALYSIS

• Developing policy, strategy and program for adaptation and (mitigation) that is suitable with the society characteristics and small islands environment in NTB.

OBJECTIVES• Widening and improving the

understanding of all sides on climate change issue and its effects on society and other kind of living in the small islands;

• Formulate strategy and action program for adaptation and mitigation;

• Formulate recommendation for policy input of the local development;

• Developing task force to assist strategy and action program on adaptation and mitigation

ABOUT TASK FORCE (1)

Law: Governor Decree of Nusa Tenggara Barat No. 219 Year 2007

This task force has 2 functions, they are:

1. Supporting mainstreaming of aspects and effect of the climate change on the government, private and civil society sectors;

2. Developing strategy of adaptation and mitigation based one the local context

About Task Force(2)The duties are as follow:

(1) Increasing understanding and awareness of all stakeholders on the cause and impact of climate change;

(2) Developing information system and communication, such as climate changes data and disaster risk mapping;

(3) Formulate and suggesting plan on adaptation action and mitigation on climate change;

(4) Encouraging integration of all aspects of climate change on the local policy and development;

(5) Monitoring and evaluation on the policy and program related to adaptation and mitigation of climate change; and

(6) Reporting the result of the implementation to the Governor of NTB.

Visi :Visi :

MisMisionion ::

The realization of Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) society that is ready and responsive on climate change.

a. Ensuring the local policy that oriented in improving cology support effort, and strengthening local institution capacity.

b. Improving society preparedness and economic social security in facing disaster caused by climate change.

c. Improving efforts on supply and development of infrastructure, technology, research and information system in adaptation and mitigation on climate change.

Work Program (1)

• Concept & Strategy of climate change mainstreaming in NTB:

Vulnerability assessment (V/A)

• This assessment is on detail projection (2030 and 2080) from climate change effect on economic sector and identification on vulnerable sectors and areas.

• This assessment focus on 3 main sectors, they are: water, coastal and sea and also agriculture and some other area.

• This assessment projected that there will be an increase of the temperature around 2-3° C on 2070 - 2100.

                           

Kajian Risiko dan Adaptasi Terhadap Perubahan Iklim Pulau Lombok Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat Analisis dan Proyeksi Kenaikan Muka Laut Dan Iklim Ekstrim

• Target & Goal on climate change mainstreaming in NTB:

Work Program (2)

Short term recommendation activities (2008):

Work force has formulated and suggested to the local government through Bapedalda NTB. On the Official Note number 090/821/V/BPDL/2007 on 28 September 2007, Bapedalda has reported recommensation of ativities in 2008 to NTB Governor.

ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION EFFORTS AS A WHOLE

STRUCTURAL EFFORT (Physic)NATURAL PROTECTION EFFORT(Mangrove, coral reef, forest).

ARTIFICIAL PROTECTION METHOD• breakwater, sea wall, dam, protective construction, absorption well, reservoir

STRUCTURAL EFFORT (Physic)NATURAL PROTECTION EFFORT(Mangrove, coral reef, forest).

ARTIFICIAL PROTECTION METHOD• breakwater, sea wall, dam, protective construction, absorption well, reservoir

NON STRCTURE EFFORT (Non Physic), they are: • making food vulnerability map• local policy* Long term program of NTB province 2008 – 2013 * relocation* landscape, land use, zonation* Public information and campaign• LECI – SUEZ • Green NTB

NON STRCTURE EFFORT (Non Physic), they are:• making food vulnerability map• local policy* Long term program of NTB province 2008 – 2013 * relocation* landscape, land use, zonation* Public information and campaign• LECI – SUEZ • Green NTB

REDUCING THE DAMAGE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

REDUCING THE DAMAGE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Adoption strateg and document institution :

1) Ensuring consistency on RS-RAD Adaptation and Mitigation tyat have been arranged, this document needs to be part of the local development plan process.

2) RS-RAD Adaptation and Mitigation need to be integrated in the development plan structure to produce long-term, medium term and annual development plan

3) THE STRATEGY is to make RS-RAD document as an input in arranging RPJMD, RKPD, Renstra-SKPD and Renja-SKPD.

4) What needs to be agreed together is the LEGAL FORMAT for RS-RAD, in the form of decree, district regulation or PERDA.

RPJMDNTB

2009-2013

RPJMDNTB

2009-2013

RPJP NTB2005-2025

RTRW NTB2010-2030

• HAN FOOD

• HAN ENERGY

• CLIMATE CHANGE

STRATEGIC ISSUE

RELATION WITH PLANED

DOCUMENTS

MAIN SECTOR

MAIN PROGRAM

STRATEGIC GOAL

INFRASTRUCTURE

ENVIRONMENT

IPM &

COMPETITIVENESS

IPM &

COMPETITIVENESSPIN

AGRIBISNIS

TOURISM

EDUCATION

HEALTH

GREEN AREA(PERHUB, SD AIR,

LISTRIK & TELKOM)

NTB HIJAU-PERMATA

VLS-2012

PIJAR

AKINO

ABSANO, ADONO

NTB COMPETITIVE

VISI CRITERIA

COMPETITIVENESS

RECOMMENDATION• Information/data needed on (a more detail) adaptation and mitigation for policy maker. There is a risk analysis,

disaster and vulnerability also strengthening communication strategy capacity within sectors and to society. Building capacity on planning and to avoid wrong estimation.

• On the policy intervention level, it has to be based on the real need of the area or Lombok island area. Therefore, analysis and response from ecosystem change, social and economy also culture (including trying to find out and using the local knowledge) are priorities that need to be done by NTB province.

• The need of policy that is mandated in the climate change adaptation and mitigation in the area in form of Governor decree or local law and also mechanism and coordination instruments in handling the impact and climate change adaptation.

• Governor decree is published on the workforce formation that is a serious effort in finishing the climate change problems by pushing adaptation of PI policy to the local development plan. However, stages and implementation strategies in NTB also should be lesson learn for the National government in the effort of mainstreaming climate change adaptation and mitigation. This is a hope that the initiative effort in Lombok will contribute well in the effort of climate change adaptation and mitigation in Indonesia.

Thank Youamuhammad@wwf.or.id