The NSAIDs are a group of chemically dissimilar agents that

differ in their antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory

activities. They act primarily by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase

enzymes that catalyze the first step in prostanoid

biosynthesis. There are two types of NSAIDs: selective and

nonselective.

Indomethacin,Tolmetin and Ketorolac are the examples of

non selective NSAIDs

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Solubility: 1 g in 50 ml alcohol,30 ml chloroform,40 ml ether,partially

soluble in water.

Pharmacokinetics: Indomethacin is well absorbed orally,rectal absorption is slow.It

is 90% bound to plasma proteins,partially metabolized in liver and excreated by kidney.

Therapeutic effect:Indomethacin is effective for relieving joint pain, swelling, and tenderness, increasing grip strength.

It also is very effective in the treatment of acute gout, although it is not uricosuric.

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Pharmacological Properties:Indomethacin has prominent antiinflammatory and analgesic-antipyretic properties.

It is a potent inhibitor of the cyclooxygenases .

It has analgesic properties distinct from its antiinflammatory effects.

Adverse Effect:

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Contraindication:Indomethacin is contraindicated in pregnency,in asthmatics and those with gastric ulers.

It may increase the symptoms associated with depressio or other psychiatric disturbness.

Preparations available:Indomethacin(generic name)

Oral:25,50 mg capsuls;75 mg sustained release capsul;25 mg/5 ml suspention.

Rectal:50 mg suppositories.

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Therapeautic effect:Tolmetin (tolmetin sodium;TOLECTIN) is used for the treatment

of-OsteoarthritisRheumatoid arthritisJuvenile rheumatoid arthritisIt also has been used in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis.Tolmetin is a nonselective COX inhibitor

Mechanism:Tolmetin inhibits prostaglandin synthetase .

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Side Effect:

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Overdose:Overdose symptoms may include-

NauseaVomiting Stomach pain

Preparation available:Tolmetin(generic Tolectin)Oral:200,600 mg tablets;400 mg capsuls.

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Pharmacokinetic: Ketorolac has a rapid onset of action, extensive protein binding, and a short duration of action.

Oral bioavailability is about 80%. Urinary excretion accounts for about 90% of eliminated drug, with about 10% excreted unchanged and the remainder as a glucuronidated conjugate.

The rate of elimination is reduced in the elderly and in patients with renal failure.

Theaputic effect:o Inhibit PG synthesiso use in the treatment of postoperative paino topically use for allergic conjunctivitis.o It is frequently used in postoperative,dental and

musculoskeletal pain

Common Adverse Effects:

Contraindication:This agent is to be avoided in pediatric patients,patients with mild pain, and those with chronic conditions.

Example: KETOROL,ZOROVON,KETANOV,TOROLAC 30 MG TABLET.

KETLUR,ACULAR .5% eye drop.