individualism & collectivism michael gallagher. victoria gathogo. paige gmyrek. briana goode....
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Individualism & Collectivism
Michael Gallagher. Victoria Gathogo. Paige Gmyrek. Briana Goode. Lori He. Cedrick Houston.
Cross-Cultural Management Project
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Overview
● Individualism vs. Collectivism
● Hofstede Ratings● Demonstration of Behavior
○ Family Life○ Housing and Clothing○ Social Customs○ Religion○ Education○ Business
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Me or We?
How would you describe the United States: more individualistic or more collectivist? France?
Individualism Degree to which individuals are integrated into
groups.
Collectivism
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Individualism“the degree of interdependence a society maintains among its members”
Individualistic Traits● People taking care of themselves (including immediate family only)● Self-orientation● Identity based on individual● Guilt culture● Making decisions based on individual needs● “I” mentality● Emphasis on individual initiative and achievement● Everyone has a right to a private life
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Collectivism “the degree of interdependence a society maintains among its members”
Collectivist Traits● Expect absolute loyalty to group ● Group orientation● Decisions based on what is best for the group.● Identity based on social system● Shame culture● Dependence on organization and institutions● “We” mentality
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Hofstede Ratings
* partially based on an educated guess derived from data similar to countries
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Family Life
● Both France (71) and the United States (91) are individualistic countries. Kenya (25), on the other hand, is a collectivist country.
● French Perspective vs. U.S. Perspective○ Host family Guilliaume and Catherine point of view○ Personal Experience
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Housing, Clothing, & Food
● Elderly family members live with family
● More collectivist in dress
● Meals are eaten with the family
● Food is an expression of culture
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Social Customs
France United States Kenya
Dinner:“We-ather”
Dinner:“Grab & Go”
Dinner:“Until the End of
Time”
Fashion:Black or Neutral
Fashion:Freedom
Fashion:Traditional
Personal & BusinessSeparate
Personal & Business Mixture
Personal & Business Blend
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Religion & Common Beliefs
France United States Kenya
Secularism Mix of Spiritualism and Secularism
Spiritual
Separation of Church and State
Ideally State and Religion are Separate
Separation of State and Religion
Focus on Liberty and Tolerance
Mixture of People and Practice Tolerance
High Tolerance for Others
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EducationFrance United States Kenya
Cooperation“Group Work”
Competitive “Individual Work”
Cooperation“Group Work”
Less Expensive More Expensive More Expensive
Not Risk Takers“Stay in Comfort
Zone”
Risk Takers“Not Afraid to Try and
Fail”
Semi Risk Takers
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Business
France
Work Life Balance
United States
Emphasis on Work
Kenya
Work Life Balance
Strict Labor Laws Strict Labor Laws Relaxed Labor Laws
Lackadaisical in regards to time
Punctuality is thekey
Lackadaisical in regards to time
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Conclusion
● United States shows the most individualistic tendencies
● France shows a mixture of both Individualism and Collectivism
● Kenya is the most Collectivist of the three countries
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Any Questions?
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Sourceshttp://outofafrika.org.uk/news/?p=347
http://www.andrews.edu/~tidwell/bsad560/HofstedeIndividualism.html
http://www.norrag.org/ar/publications/norrag-news/online-version/targets-in-education-training-off-centre/detail/targeting-quality-education-in-kenya-in-the-face-of-universalizing-access.html