indicator country who year data source region afghanistan

Indicator Country WHO Region

Year Data source

Lifetime abstainers, abstainers past 12 months, former drinkers

Afghanistan EMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Albania EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Algeria AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Andorra EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Angola AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Antigua and Barbuda AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Argentina AMRO 2010 Obot, I.S., & Room, R. (2005). Alcohol, gender and drinking problems: perspectives from low and middle income countries. Geneva: World Health Organization,.


Armenia EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Australia WPRO 2010 Teesson, M., Hall, W., Slade, T., Mills, K., Grove, R., Mewton, L., Baillie, A., & Haber, P. (2010). Prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in Australia: findings of the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Addiction, 105(12), 2085-2094.


Austria EURO 2010 Uhl, A., Bachmayer, S., Puhm, A., Strizek, J., Kobrna, U., & Musalek, M. (2011). Handbuch: Alkohol - Österreich: Band 1: Statistiken und Berechnungsgrundlagen 2011. 4th edition. Wien, Austria: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit.


Azerbaijan EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Bahamas AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Bahrain EMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Bangladesh SEARO 2010 Bich, T.H., Thi Quynh Nha, P., Ngoc Quang, L., Van Minh, H., Ng, N., Juvekar, S., Razzaque, A., Soonthornthada, K., & Kanungsukkasem, U. (2009). Patterns of alcohol consumption in diverse rural populations in the Asian Region. Global Health Action, 2(1). doi: 10.3402/gha.v2i0.2017.


Barbados AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Belarus EURO 2010 Welcome, M., & Pereverzev, V. (2010). Alcohol: use and related problems - prevalence among foreigners and the natives in Belarus. Annals of General Psychiatry, 9(Suppl 1), S213.


Belgium EURO 2010 Gisle, L., Hesse, E., Driekens, S., Demarest, S., Van der Heyden, J., & Tafforeau, J. (2010). Enquête de santé, 2008. Rapport II – Style de Vie et Prévention. Direction Opérationnelle Santé publique et surveillance. Bruxelles: Institut Scientifique de Santé Publique.


Belize AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Benin AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Bhutan SEARO 2010 Dorji, L., & National Statistics Bureau of Bhutan. (2012). Alcohol use and abuse in Bhutan. Bhutan: National Statistics Bureau.


Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Bosnia and Herzegovina

EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Botswana AFRO 2010 Pitso, J.M.N., & Obot, I.S. (2011). Botswana alcohol policy and the presidential levy controversy. Addiction, 106(5), 898-905.


Brazil AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Brunei Darussalam WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


Bulgaria EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Burkina Faso AFRO 2010 Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9.


Burundi AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Cambodia WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


Cameroon AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Canada AMRO 2010 Health Canada. (2013). Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey. http://www.webcitation.org/6IyNqhQLt


Cabo Verde AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Central African Republic

AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Chad AFRO 2010 (1) Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9. (2) Acuda, W., Othieno, C.J., Obondo, A., & Crome, I.B. (2011). The epidemiology of addiction in Sub-Saharan Africa: a synthesis of reports, review and original articles. The American Journal on Addictions 20, 87-99.


Chile AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


China WPRO 2010 Imputed regression

http://www.webcitation.org/6IyNqhQLt

http://www.webcitation.org/6IyNqhQLt


Colombia AMRO 2010 Sojo, C. (2013). Alcohol Drinking Patterns in Latin America Comparative Analysis of Nine Countries. Costa Rica: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Costa Rica. http://www.webcitation.org/6Izj7UDTa


Comoros AFRO 2010 Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9.


Congo AFRO 2010 (1) Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9. (2) Acuda, W., Othieno, C.J., Obondo, A., & Crome, I.B. (2011). The epidemiology of addiction in Sub-Saharan Africa: a synthesis of reports, review and original articles. The American Journal on Addictions 20, 87-99.


Cook Islands WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


Costa Rica AMRO 2010 Sojo, C. (2013). Alcohol Drinking Patterns in Latin America Comparative Analysis of Nine Countries. Costa Rica: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Costa Rica. http://www.webcitation.org/6Izj7UDTa


Côte d'Ivoire AFRO 2010 (1) Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9. (2) Acuda, W., Othieno, C.J., Obondo, A., & Crome, I.B. (2011). The epidemiology of addiction in Sub-Saharan Africa: a synthesis of reports, review and original articles. The American Journal on Addictions 20, 87-99.

http://www.webcitation.org/6Izj7UDTa







Croatia EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Cuba AMRO 2010 Diaz, Y., & Espinosa, Y. (2013). Baseline research for action: adolescent alcohol consumption in Los Palacios Municipality. Cuba MEDICC Review, 15, 2.


Cyprus EURO 2010 Cyprus Anti-Drugs Council. (2010). General Population Survey for Smoking, Alcohol, and other Psychoactive Substances: final report. http://www.ask.org.cy/index.php/en/file/jCY8aULMQsahGYAsl9Rd6A==/


Czech Republic EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Democratic People's Republic of Korea

SEARO 2010 Imputed regression


Democratic Republic of the Congo


http://www.ask.org.cy/index.php/en/file/jCY8aULMQsahGYAsl9Rd6A==/




Denmark EURO 2010 Kristiansen, L., Ekholm, O., Grønbaek, M., & Tolstrup, J. (2008). Danskernes alkoholvaner [Drinking in Denmark]. København, Denmark: Sundhedsstyrelsen.


Djibouti EMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Dominica AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Dominican Republic AMRO 2010 Sojo, C. (2013). Alcohol Drinking Patterns in Latin America Comparative Analysis of Nine Countries. Costa Rica: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Costa Rica. http://www.webcitation.org/6Izj7UDTa


Ecuador AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Egypt EMRO 2010 Imputed regression





El Salvador AMRO 2010 Sojo, C. (2013). Alcohol Drinking Patterns in Latin America Comparative Analysis of Nine Countries. Costa Rica: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Costa Rica. http://www.webcitation.org/6Izj7UDTa


Equatorial Guinea AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Eritrea AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Estonia EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Ethiopia AFRO 2010 (1) Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9. (2) Acuda, W., Othieno, C.J., Obondo, A., & Crome, I.B. (2011). The epidemiology of addiction in Sub-Saharan Africa: a synthesis of reports, review and original articles. The American Journal on Addictions 20, 87-99.


Fiji WPRO 2010 Imputed regression





Finland EURO 2010 Huhtanen, P., Miekkala, M., Mutonen, H., & Mäkelä, P. (2011). Suomalaisten alkoholinkäyttötavat 1968–2008: Juomatapatutkimusten tuloksia. Helsinki: Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos (THL). http://www.thl.fi/thl-client/pdfs/185cd443-0aa9-4bb7-8755-7a98bcfaaed7


France EURO 2010 Beck, F., Guignard, R., Richard, J. B., Tovar, M. L., & Spilka, S. (2011). Les niveaux d'usage de drogues en France en 2010. Tendances, 76, 1-6.


Gabon AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Gambia AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Georgia EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Germany EURO 2010 Kraus, L., Pabst, A., Piontek, D., & Gomes de Matos, E. (in press). Substanzkonsum und substanzbezogene Störungen: Trends in der deutschen Allgemeinbevölkerung 1980-2012. Sucht.

http://www.thl.fi/thl-client/pdfs/185cd443-0aa9-4bb7-8755-7a98bcfaaed7





Ghana AFRO 2010 (1) Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9. (2) Acuda, W., Othieno, C.J., Obondo, A., & Crome, I.B. (2011). The epidemiology of addiction in Sub-Saharan Africa: a synthesis of reports, review and original articles. The American Journal on Addictions 20, 87-99.


Greece EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Grenada AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Guatemala AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Guinea AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Guinea-Bissau AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Guyana AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Haiti AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Honduras AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Hungary EURO 2010 Piko, B.F., Kovacs, E. , Kriston, P., & Fitzpatrick, K.M. (2012). To Believe or not to Believe? Religiosity, Spirituality and Alcohol Use among Hungarian Adolescents. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 73, 4.


Iceland EURO 2010 (1) Jonsson, S.H., & Gudlaugsson, J.O. (2010). Alcohol consumption and the crisis- an overview of alcohol use and misuse in Iceland before and during the crisis. Iceland: Public Health Institute of Iceland. (2) Guðlaugsson, J.O., & Jónsson, S.H. (2012). Heilsa og Líđan Islendinga, Framhaldsrannsόkn 2009 [Health and Wellbeing of Icelanders, Extension study 2009]. Háskóli Íslands, Iceland: Department of Public Health. http://www.landlaeknir.is/servlet/file/store93/item18090/Framkv.skyrsla09.pdf


India SEARO 2010 Imputed regression


Indonesia SEARO 2010 Imputed regression


Iran (Islamic Republic of)

EMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Iraq EMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Ireland EURO 2010 Morgan, K., McGee, H., Dicker, P., Brugha, R., & Ward, M. . (2009). SLAN 2007: Survey of Lifestyle, Attitudes and Nutrition in Ireland. Dublin, Ireland: Minister for Health and Children.


Israel EURO 2010 Neumark, Y. D., Lopez-Quintero, C., Grinshpoon, A. & Levinson, D. (2007) Alcohol drinking patterns and prevalence of alcohol-abuse and dependence in the Israel National Health Survey. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences 44(2), 126-135


Italy EURO 2010 Instituto Nazionale Di Statistica. (2013). L'uso e l'abuso di alcol in Italia. Istat. http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/88167

http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/88167

http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/88167


Jamaica AMRO 2010 Wilks, R., Younger, N., Tulloch-Reid, M., McFarlane, S., & Francis, D. (2008). Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2007-8: Technical Report. Jamaica: National Health Fund.


Japan WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


Jordan EMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Kazakhstan EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Kenya AFRO 2010 (1) Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9. (2) Acuda, W., Othieno, C.J., Obondo, A., & Crome, I.B. (2011). The epidemiology of addiction in Sub-Saharan Africa: a synthesis of reports, review and original articles. The American Journal on Addictions 20, 87-99. (3) Lo, T.Q., Oeltmann, J.E., Odhiambo, F.O., Beynon, C., Pevzner, E., Cain, K.P., Laserson, K.F., & Philips-Howard, P.A. (2013). Alcohol use, drunkenness and tobacco smoking in rural western Kenya. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 18(4), 506-515.


Kiribati WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


Kuwait EMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Kyrgyzstan EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Lao People's Democratic Republic

WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


Latvia EURO 2010 Snikere, S., Trapencieris, M., Koroleva, I., Mierina, I., Priekule, S., Aleksandrovs, A., & Jankovskis, M. (2011). Atkari bu izraisoso vielu lietosana iedzi vota ju vidu 2011. Analitisks parskats. [Substance use among the population in 2011. Analytic report]. Riga: Slimibu profilakses un kontroles centrs.


Lebanon EMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Lesotho AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Liberia AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Libya EMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Lithuania EURO 2010 (1) Grabauskas, V., Klumbiene, J., Petkeviciene, J., Sakyte, E., Kriaucioniene, V., Veryga, A., & Prattala, R. (2009). Health Behaviour among Lithuanian Adult Population, 2008. Lithuania: Kaunas. (2) World Health Organization. (2013). Global Health Observatory Data Repository. from World Health Organization, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A1040?lang=en


Luxembourg EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Madagascar AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Malawi AFRO 2010 Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9.


Malaysia WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


Maldives SEARO 2010 Imputed regression


Mali AFRO 2010 (1) Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9. (2) Acuda, W., Othieno, C.J., Obondo, A., & Crome, I.B. (2011). The epidemiology of addiction in Sub-Saharan Africa: a synthesis of reports, review and original articles. The American Journal on Addictions 20, 87-99.


Malta EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Marshall Islands WPRO 2010 No data


Mauritania AFRO 2010 Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9.


Mauritius AFRO 2010 Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9.


Mexico AMRO 2010 Sojo, C. (2013). Alcohol Drinking Patterns in Latin America Comparative Analysis of Nine Countries. Costa Rica: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Costa Rica. http://www.webcitation.org/6Izj7UDTa


Micronesia (Federated States of)

WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


Monaco EURO 2010 No data


Mongolia WPRO 2010 World Health Organization. (2006). Epidemiological Study on Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption, Alcohol Drinking Patterns and Alcohol Related Harms in Mongolia. Mongolia: Ministry of Health - Mongolia. http://moh.mn/moh%20db/healthreports.nsf/32fe9f3e7452a6f3c8256d1b0013e24e/1380506cf1d8d8e1c825718c0012c0ed/$FILE/Final%20draft%20for%20WHO1.pdf




http://moh.mn/moh db/healthreports.nsf/32fe9f3e7452a6f3c8256d1b0013e24e/1380506cf1d8d8e1c825718c0012c0ed/$FILE/Final draft for WHO1.pdf






Montenegro EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Morocco EMRO 2010 Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9.


Mozambique AFRO 2010 Pires, J., Padrao, P., Damasceno, A., Silva-Matos, C., & Lunet, N. (2012). Alcohol consumption in Mozambique: results from a national survey including primary and surrogate respondents. Annals of Human Biology, 39(6), 534-537. doi: 10.3109/03014460.2012.710249; 10.3109/03014460.2012.710249


Myanmar SEARO 2010 Imputed regression


Namibia AFRO 2010 Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9.


Nauru WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


Nepal SEARO 2010 Imputed regression


Netherlands EURO 2010 Geels, L.M., Vink, J.M., Van Beek, J.H.D.A., Bartels, M., Willemsen, G., & Boomsma, D.I. (2013). Increases in alcohol consumption in women and elderly groups: evidence from an epidemiological study. BMC Public Health, 13(207).


New Zealand WPRO 2010 Ministry of Health. (2013). Hazardous drinking in 2011/12: Findings from the New Zealand Health Survey. Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Government. www.health.govt.nz/new-zealand-health-survey


Nicaragua AMRO 2010 Sojo, C. (2013). Alcohol Drinking Patterns in Latin America Comparative Analysis of Nine Countries. Costa Rica: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Costa Rica. http://www.webcitation.org/6Izj7UDTa


Niger AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Nigeria AFRO 2010 Imputed regression

http://www.health.govt.nz/new-zealand-health-survey







Niue WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


Norway EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Oman EMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Pakistan EMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Palau WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


Panama AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Papua New Guinea WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


Paraguay AMRO 2010 World Health Organization. (2012a). Paraguay - World Health Survey 2003. from World Health Organization, http://apps.who.int/healthinfo/systems/surveydata/index.php/catalog/88


Peru AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Philippines WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


Poland EURO 2010 Przewozniak, K., Labaszewski, J., Wojtyla, J., Bylina, J., Manczuk, M., & Zatonski, W. (2011). Alcohol drinking patterns and habits among a sample of PONS study subjects: preliminary assessment Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 18(2), 221-228.


Portugal EURO 2010 Balsa, C., Vital, C., & Pascueiro, L. . (2011). O Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas em Portugal. Prevalências e Padrões de Consumo, 2001-2007. Lisboa: Instituto da Droga e da Toxicodependência (IDT). http://www.idt.pt/PT/Investigacao/Documents/monografia/OconsumoDeBebidasAlcoolicasEmPortugal2001_2007.pdf

http://apps.who.int/healthinfo/systems/surveydata/index.php/catalog/88



http://www.idt.pt/PT/Investigacao/Documents/monografia/OconsumoDeBebidasAlcoolicasEmPortugal2001_2007.pdf






Puerto Rico AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Qatar EMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Republic of Korea WPRO 2010 Shin, M., Kweon, S., Choi, J., Rhee, J., Nam, H., Jeon, S., Park, K., Ryu, S., Choi, S., Kim, B., & Lee, Y. (2013). Average volume of alcohol consumed, drinking patterns, and metabolic syndrome in older Korean adults. Journal of Epidemiology, 23(2), 122-131.


Republic of Moldova EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Romania EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Russian Federation EURO 2010 Perlman, F.J.A. (2010). Drinking in transition: trends in alcohol consumption in Russia 1994-2004. BMC Public Health, 10(691). doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-691


Rwanda AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Saint Kitts and Nevis AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Saint Lucia AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Saint Vincent and the Grenadines



Samoa WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


San Marino EURO 2010 No data


Sao Tome and Principe



Saudi Arabia EMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Senegal AFRO 2010 Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9.


Serbia EURO 2010 Batut, M.J. (2009). Health of Population of Serbia: Analytical study 1997-2007 (J. Grozdanov Ed.). Belgrade: Institute of Public Health of Serbia.


Seychelles AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Sierra Leone AFRO 2010 Boas, M., & Hatloy, A. (2005). Alcohol and Drug Consumption in Post War Sierra Leone - An Exploration. Norway: Fafo.


Singapore WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


Slovakia EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Slovenia EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Solomon Islands WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


Somalia EMRO 2010 Imputed regression


South Africa AFRO 2010 (1) Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9. (2) Acuda, W., Othieno, C.J., Obondo, A., & Crome, I.B. (2011). The epidemiology of addiction in Sub-Saharan Africa: a synthesis of reports, review and original articles. The American Journal on Addictions 20, 87-99.


Spain EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Sri Lanka SEARO 2010 Imputed regression


Sudan EMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Suriname AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Swaziland AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Sweden EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Switzerland EURO 2010 Swiss Federal Office of Public Health. (2012). Swiss monitoring of addiction. Switzerland: Federal Department of the Interior - Swiss Confederation.


Syrian Arab Republic EMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Tajikistan EURO 2010 Imputed regression


Thailand SEARO 2010 Sornpaisarn, B., Kaewmnungkun, J., & Wattanaporn, K. (2009). Thailand annual report on alcohol 2010. Bangkok, Thailand: Center for Alcohol Studies.


The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia



Timor-Leste SEARO 2010 Imputed regression


Togo AFRO 2010 Imputed regression


Tokelau WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


Tonga WPRO 2010 Smith, B.J., Phongsavan, P., Bauman, A.E., Havea, D., & Chey, T. (2007). Comparison of tobacco, alcohol and illegal drug usage among school students in three Pacific Island societies. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 88(1), 9-18.


Trinidad and Tobago AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Tunisia EMRO 2010 Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9.


Turkey EURO 2010 World Health Organization. (2004). Global status report on alcohol 2004. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.


Turkmenistan EURO 2010 Harvard International Relations Council Inc. (2011). Gallup presents: inside Turkmenistan: A glimpse at the Central Asian country. Harvard International Review, 33(2).


Tuvalu WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


Uganda AFRO 2010 Roberts, B., Ocaka, K.F., Browne, J., Oyok, T., & Sondorp, E. (2011). Alcohol disorder amongst forcibly displaced persons in northern Uganda. Addictive Behaviors, 36, 870-873.


Ukraine EURO 2010 Imputed regression


United Arab Emirates EMRO 2010 World Health Organization. (2012b). United Arab Emirates - World Health Survey 2003. from World Health Organization, http://apps.who.int/healthinfo/systems/surveydata/index.php/catalog/128


United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland






United Republic of Tanzania



United States of America



Uruguay AMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Uzbekistan EURO 2010 Mishra, V., Arnold, F., Semenov, G., Hong, R., & Mukuria, A. (2005). Epidemiology of Obesity and Hypertension in Uzbekistan. Calverton, MD: United States Agency for International Development.


Vanuatu WPRO 2010 Smith, B.J., Phongsavan, P., Bauman, A.E., Havea, D., & Chey, T. (2007). Comparison of tobacco, alcohol and illegal drug usage among school students in three Pacific Island societies. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 88(1), 9-18.


Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

AMRO 2010 Sojo, C. (2013). Alcohol Drinking Patterns in Latin America Comparative Analysis of Nine Countries. Costa Rica: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Costa Rica. http://www.webcitation.org/6Izj7UDTa





Viet Nam WPRO 2010 Imputed regression


Yemen EMRO 2010 Imputed regression


Zambia AFRO 2010 (1) Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9. (2) Acuda, W., Othieno, C.J., Obondo, A., & Crome, I.B. (2011). The epidemiology of addiction in Sub-Saharan Africa: a synthesis of reports, review and original articles. The American Journal on Addictions 20, 87-99.


Zimbabwe AFRO 2010 (1) Martinez, P., Røislien, J., Naidoo, N., & Clausen, T. (2011). Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys BMC Public Health, 11(160), 1-9. (2) Acuda, W., Othieno, C.J., Obondo, A., & Crome, I.B. (2011). The epidemiology of addiction in Sub-Saharan Africa: a synthesis of reports, review and original articles. The American Journal on Addictions 20, 87-99.