india’s independence
DESCRIPTION
India’s Independence. India’s Independence. India’s Independence. India’s Independence. India’s Independence. India’s Independence. Hindu and Muslim differences . Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) and the Muslim League , feared a Hindu-majority India would ignore Muslim concerns . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: India’s Independence](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/568161b0550346895dd1728d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
INDIA’S INDEPENDENCE
![Page 2: India’s Independence](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/568161b0550346895dd1728d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
INDIA’S INDEPENDENCE
![Page 3: India’s Independence](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/568161b0550346895dd1728d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
INDIA’S INDEPENDENCE
![Page 4: India’s Independence](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/568161b0550346895dd1728d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
INDIA’S INDEPENDENCE
![Page 5: India’s Independence](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/568161b0550346895dd1728d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
INDIA’S INDEPENDENCE
![Page 6: India’s Independence](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/568161b0550346895dd1728d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
INDIA’S INDEPENDENCE
![Page 7: India’s Independence](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/568161b0550346895dd1728d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
HINDU AND MUSLIM DIFFERENCES
• Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) and the Muslim League, feared a Hindu-majority India would ignore Muslim concerns.
• He worked in Indian National Congress until 1920 when they adopted Gandhi’s satyagraha campaign.
• Jinnah pressed for an independent territory for South Asia’s religious minority – Muslims. (Pakistan,“land of the pure”)
![Page 8: India’s Independence](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/568161b0550346895dd1728d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
INDIAN INDEPENDENCE ACT OF 1947• Date of Independence: August 15th, 1947
• This act was the implementation of the June 3rd Plan or the Mountbatten Plan
• Mountbatten was the last viceroy
• Partition plan was set in place despite the views against it from Mountbatten and Gandhi
![Page 9: India’s Independence](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/568161b0550346895dd1728d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
1947 PARTITION OF INDIA
• 12 million+ Muslims, Sikhs, and Hindus fled their homes to join a majority-religion region or state
• violence between the Hindus and Muslims caused hundreds of thousands of deaths
• Bitter memories remain from these hardships
![Page 10: India’s Independence](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/568161b0550346895dd1728d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
POST INDEPENDENCE…(AUGUST 1947)
• India as a Parliamentary democracy & federal state is headed up by Jawarhalal Nehru (Gandhi is assassinated in January 1948);
• Pakistan becomes a Muslim state headed by former Muslim League leader Muhammad Jinnah; it too is a Parliamentary democracy but has struggled to remain secular; in after a brief civil war in 1971 East Pakistan becomes the Parliamentary democracy of Bangladesh.
![Page 11: India’s Independence](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/568161b0550346895dd1728d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
GANDHI & SOUTH ASIA’S INDEPENDENCE…
•Satyagraha = “truth force”;
•Salt March;•Civil disobedience
• Wanted one united nation for Hindus and Muslims after independence from the British.
• Scene from Gandhi
![Page 12: India’s Independence](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/568161b0550346895dd1728d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
PROBLEMS WITH PAKISTAN: EAST AND WEST
• Separated by 1,000 miles
•Besides sharing the same religion East and West Pakistan were different in a lot of ways (geography, languages, and traditions)
• Pakistan’s Strengths:- army - educated officials
![Page 13: India’s Independence](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/568161b0550346895dd1728d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
WEST AND EAST PAKISTAN PROBLEMS
• West Pakistan was the political and economic power of the two
• The Bengalis occupied the poorest section (East Pakistan)
• Bengalis were treated as second-class citizens
• 1970, a cyclone caused enormous damage to East Pakistan. There was little to no aid from West Pakistan.
![Page 14: India’s Independence](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/568161b0550346895dd1728d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
EAST PAKISTAN REBELLION
• Very successful and quick rebellion (April – December 1971)
• Indian army supported East Pakistan
• December 16th, 1971 East Pakistan became a newly independent nation – Bangladesh.
![Page 15: India’s Independence](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/568161b0550346895dd1728d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
PAKISTAN TODAY• Illiteracy rates are high
• Millions live in poverty
• Political instability over the years lead to long periods of military rule
• The northwest Pashtun tribes have supported the Taliban regime and Al Qaeda