INDIAN SOCIAL SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

• Systematic statistical study of population is known as Demography.

• Demography is of two types:Formal demography: It limits its object of study to

the measurement of populations processes. Social demography: It is more broad field of social

demography population studies. It analyzes the relationships between economic, social, cultural and biological processes influencing a population.

• Census is important source of demographic data.

SOME COMMON TERMS• Birth rate: Total number of live births in a given area

per thousand numbers of population in a given time span such as per hour, per day, per month, per quarter, or per annum.

• Death rate: Total number of deaths in a given area per thousand numbers of population in a given time.

• Population growth rate: Difference between birth rate and death rate.

• Fertility rate: Number of live births per thousand of females in the age group of 15- 49 years.

• Infant mortality rate: death rate of babies less than 1 year

CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN POPULATION • The Indian population exhibits the following

characteristics: Age Structure: 37.8% of population is in age group of 0-14. 55.5% are in age group of 15 - 59 . 6.7% people are in the age group of 60+. This age structure is adverse for development.• Sex Composition : The sex ratio in Indian population is 927 females per

thousand males as per 1991 census. The female population is continuously declining since

1951 and has serious implications on marriage rate, death rate and birth rate.

CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN POPULATION Marital Status: In India 50.4% of the people are unmarried, 44.6%

are married and rest are widowed, separated etc. Mean age of marriage is 19.4 for females & 24.7 for

males. Depending on education, region or occupation this

age varies both for males & females.Rural-Urban Settlement : Of the total population 28.3% live in cities and 71.7%

in villages in 1998. The urban population was 17.3% in 1951 showing considerable increase in migration from villages to cities between 1951 to 1958.

CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN POPULATION

Occupational structure : Only 44.86% people in the age group of 15-59 are

economically active and the rest are dependent on them.

In terms of sex only 67.6% of males and 32.4 % of females are working.

Literacy Rate: 52.21% of the population was found literate during

1998 census, of which 64.13% are males and 39.29% are females.

The highest literacy rate was found in Kerala.

CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN POPULATION Language: There are 16 major languages - Hindi is used by

majority (43%). Then comes the Bengali, Telugu & Marathi (8% each).

Religious Composition : Hindus & Muslims are dominating religions of the

country. Followers of other religions like Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, Christianity, Parses and Judaism also exist.

Schedule Caste & schedule Tribe : According to 1991 census roughly 1 in every 4

persons in India belongs to either SC or ST.

WORLD POPULATION GROWTH

• Globally, the growth rate of the human population has been steadily declining although the last 50 years have seen a rapid increase in population due to medical advances and massive increase in agricultural productivity made by the Green Revolution.

• Total world population is around 6.684 billion. • India is the second largest populated state of the

world

POPULATION GROWTH OF INDIA

• The post World War-II period witnessed population explosion all over the world.

• Indian population growth is subdivided into 3 • distinct phases-• From 1901- 1931 (17%) – sporadic• From 1931-1961 (57.4%) – rapid• From 1961-1999 ( 127.4%) - explosive

POPULATION OF INDIA

Year population (in Million) 1600 100 1800 120 1901 238.4 1951 361.1 1991 846.3 2001 1029 2007 1134

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX• HDI is a simple average of three dimension indices,

each of which measures average achievements in a country with regard to ‘A long and healthy life’, ‘Knowledge’ and ‘A decent standard of living’.

• India is a developing country and is ranked at serial number 134 (in 2007) in a list of 182 countries.

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX

Indicators for the Dimension ‘A Long and Healthy Life’ : i) Infant Mortality Rate and ii) Life Expectancy at age 1. Indicators for the Dimension ‘Knowledge’: i) 7 + Literacy Rate and ii) Mean Years of Education for 15+ age group. Indicators for the Dimension ‘Decent Standard of

Living’: i) Estimated Earned Income per capita per annum.

QUICK FACTS ON INDIA DEMOGRAPHICS

POPULATION :1028610328 POPULATION DENSITY :324 prsn/sq kmBIRTH RATE :2.2% DEATH RATE :0.65% TOTAL FERTILITY RATE :2.81/woman LITERACY RATE :65.38 LIFE EXPECTANCY :68.59SEX RATIO 1:933 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE :7.8%

STATE WISE DISTRIBUTION

• India has 35 states & U.T with varying population size.

• They are classified into 2 broad categories – Major states with population of more than 20

million. Smaller states and Union Territories with less than 20

million. • Total population of 17 major states counts for 982.32

million i.e. 95 % . • 6 U.T. shares 2.7 million i.e. only 0.26 %

Hindus 82.6%

Muslims 11.4%

Christians       2.4%

Sikhs 2.0%

Buddhists 0.7%

Jains 0.5%

Others 0.4%

RELIGION

Politics• Largest secular parliamentarian democracy of the world • 35 Union states and -territories

Languages• 16 regional languages • Official language are Hindi and English

History

• 5000 Years of History • 2300 Years of Cultural exchange with Europe • 60 Years of independence 15. August 1997 • In addition to the British social and cultural influence, the Portuguese and the French have also left their hallmark in Goa and Pondicherry.

Expanse Population Population density

India 3.287.263 km² 1 Billion(2000) India 267

Europe 2.400.000 km² 340.000.000 Europe 107

Germany 357.000 km² 79.500.000 Germany 224

China 567

Belgium 327

England 366

India Facts - General