INDIAN RAILWAYSINDIAN RAILWAYS

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Transportation –means by which Transportation –means by which goods and services are transferred goods and services are transferred from one place to another.from one place to another.Types of transportation :Types of transportation : RoadwaysRoadways RailwaysRailways WaterwaysWaterways AirwaysAirwaysRailway is the cheapest way of Railway is the cheapest way of transport.transport.

INDIAN RAILWAYSINDIAN RAILWAYS

One of the most prestigious service One of the most prestigious service provided by the Indian government.provided by the Indian government.Overseen by ministry of railways.Overseen by ministry of railways.It is the largest rail network in Asia It is the largest rail network in Asia and world's second.and world's second.Railways were first introduced to India Railways were first introduced to India in1853in1853

ORANIZATION STRUCTUREORANIZATION STRUCTURE

As of May 2010, the Railway As of May 2010, the Railway Ministry Ministry is headed by Mamatha is headed by Mamatha Banerjee,the Union Minister for Banerjee,the Union Minister for Railways, and assisted by two Railways, and assisted by two ministers of State for Railways. ministers of State for Railways. Indian Railways is administered Indian Railways is administered by the Railway Board, which has by the Railway Board, which has a financial commissioner, five a financial commissioner, five members and a chairmanmembers and a chairman..

RAILWAY ZONESRAILWAY ZONES

Indian railway is divided Indian railway is divided into 16 zones. It is again into 16 zones. It is again

subdivided into 67 subdivided into 67 divisions.divisions.

RECRUITMENTS RECRUITMENTS

Approximately 1.6 million Approximately 1.6 million employees. employees.

Indian railway is the country’s single Indian railway is the country’s single largest employer.largest employer.

Staffs are classified into gusseted Staffs are classified into gusseted and non-gusseted officers.and non-gusseted officers.

SUBSIDIARIESSUBSIDIARIES

Indian Railways manufactures much of Indian Railways manufactures much of its rolling stock and heavy engineering its rolling stock and heavy engineering components at its six manufacturing components at its six manufacturing plants, called Production Units, which plants, called Production Units, which are managed directly by the ministry.. are managed directly by the ministry.. Each of these six production units is Each of these six production units is headed by a General Manager, who headed by a General Manager, who also reports directly to the Railway also reports directly to the Railway Board.Board.

TECHNICAL DETAILSTECHNICAL DETAILS

Indian railways uses four gauges, the Indian railways uses four gauges, the 1,676mm 1,676mm broad gaugebroad gauge which is wider than which is wider than the 1,435mm the 1,435mm standard gaugestandard gauge; the ; the 1,000mm 1,000mm metre gaugemetre gauge; and two ; and two narrow gaugenarrow gauge 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) and 610 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) and 610 mm (2 ft) . Track sections are rated for mm (2 ft) . Track sections are rated for speeds ranging from 75 to 160 km/h.speeds ranging from 75 to 160 km/h.

The total length of track used by Indian The total length of track used by Indian Railways was about 111,600 km Railways was about 111,600 km

GAUGESGAUGES

Broad gauge is the predominent Broad gauge is the predominent gauge used in indian railways.It has a gauge used in indian railways.It has a total length of 96,851km. total length of 96,851km. In some regions with less traffic, the In some regions with less traffic, the metre gauge (1,000mm) is commonly metre gauge (1,000mm) is commonly used. used.

Narrow gauges are present on a few Narrow gauges are present on a few routes, mainly in hilly areas.routes, mainly in hilly areas.

Head quarters of IR at Delhi

TRACTIONTRACTION As on may 2008, most of the tracks As on may 2008, most of the tracks

are electrified.are electrified. Almost all of the sections use Almost all of the sections use

25,000V ac overhead delivery.25,000V ac overhead delivery. But two exceptions are there: But two exceptions are there:

Mumbai section uses 1500V dc and Mumbai section uses 1500V dc and Kolkata Metro uses 750V dc.Kolkata Metro uses 750V dc.

SERVICESSERVICES

a)a) PASSENGERSPASSENGERS

Indian railway operates about Indian railway operates about 9000 passenger trains and 20 9000 passenger trains and 20 million passengers across 28 states million passengers across 28 states and 2 union territories. A standard and 2 union territories. A standard passenger train consists of 18 passenger train consists of 18 coaches. But in popular trains , can coaches. But in popular trains , can have up to 26 coaches.have up to 26 coaches.

b) ACCOMODATION CLASSb) ACCOMODATION CLASS

Several long trains are composed of Several long trains are composed of two to three classes of travel, such two to three classes of travel, such as a 1st and 2nd classes which have as a 1st and 2nd classes which have different pricing systems for various different pricing systems for various amenities. The 1st Class refers to amenities. The 1st Class refers to coaches with separate cabins, coaches with separate cabins, coaches can be air-conditioned or coaches can be air-conditioned or non air-conditioned.non air-conditioned.

c) FARES AND TICKETINGc) FARES AND TICKETING

Fares on the Indian Railways across Fares on the Indian Railways across categories are among the cheapest in the categories are among the cheapest in the world. In the past few years, despite a world. In the past few years, despite a recessionary environment, the Indian recessionary environment, the Indian Railways have not raised fares on any Railways have not raised fares on any class of service. On the contrary, there has class of service. On the contrary, there has been a minor dip in fares in some been a minor dip in fares in some categories.categories.

Ticketing services are available at all Ticketing services are available at all major and minor railway stations across major and minor railway stations across India. In 2003, Indian Railways launched India. In 2003, Indian Railways launched online ticketing servicesonline ticketing services . .

Rail budget and financesRail budget and finances

The Railway Budget deals with planned The Railway Budget deals with planned infrastructure expenditure on the railways as well infrastructure expenditure on the railways as well as with the operating revenue and expenditure as with the operating revenue and expenditure for the upcoming fiscal years, the public elements for the upcoming fiscal years, the public elements of which are usually the induction and of which are usually the induction and improvement of existing trains and routes, improvement of existing trains and routes, planned investment in new and existing planned investment in new and existing infrastructure elements, and the tariff for freight infrastructure elements, and the tariff for freight and passenger travel. The and passenger travel. The ParliamentParliament discusses discusses the policies and allocations proposed in the the policies and allocations proposed in the budget. The budget needs to be passed by a budget. The budget needs to be passed by a simple majority in the simple majority in the Lok SabhaLok Sabha (Lower House). (Lower House).

REVENUEREVENUE The railway reported a cash surplus The railway reported a cash surplus

of INR 9000 cr in 2005, INR 14000 cr of INR 9000 cr in 2005, INR 14000 cr in 2006, INR 20,000 cr in 2007 and in 2006, INR 20,000 cr in 2007 and INR 25,000 cr for the 2007-2008 INR 25,000 cr for the 2007-2008 fiscal year. Its operating ratio fiscal year. Its operating ratio improved to 76% while, in the last improved to 76% while, in the last four years, its plan size increased four years, its plan size increased from INR 13,000 cr to INR 30,000 crfrom INR 13,000 cr to INR 30,000 cr

ISSUESISSUES Many railway stations are in gross disrepair, dirty, Many railway stations are in gross disrepair, dirty,

outdated and overcrowded, especially when outdated and overcrowded, especially when compared to stations in developed countries. compared to stations in developed countries. Sometimes passengers are seen on trains hanging Sometimes passengers are seen on trains hanging out windows and even on the roof creating safety out windows and even on the roof creating safety problemsThe interior of many train compartments are problemsThe interior of many train compartments are poorly maintained from rust, dirt and common wear poorly maintained from rust, dirt and common wear and tear. Given the political infighting, corruption and and tear. Given the political infighting, corruption and inefficiencies, it is understandable that there are inefficiencies, it is understandable that there are overcrowding, cleanliness and other maintenance overcrowding, cleanliness and other maintenance issues. Although accidents such as derailment and issues. Although accidents such as derailment and collisions are less common in recent times many are collisions are less common in recent times many are run over by trains, especially in crowded areas. Indian run over by trains, especially in crowded areas. Indian Railways have accepted the fact that given the size of Railways have accepted the fact that given the size of operations, eliminating accidents is an unrealistic operations, eliminating accidents is an unrealistic goal, and at best they can only minimize the accident goal, and at best they can only minimize the accident rate. Human error is the primary cause, leading to rate. Human error is the primary cause, leading to 83% of all train accidents in India83% of all train accidents in India

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION IR is in the process of upgrading stations, IR is in the process of upgrading stations,

coaches, tracks, services, safety, and coaches, tracks, services, safety, and security, and streamlining its various security, and streamlining its various software management systems including software management systems including crew scheduling, freight, and passenger crew scheduling, freight, and passenger ticketing. Crew members will be able to log ticketing. Crew members will be able to log in using biometric scanners at kiosks while in using biometric scanners at kiosks while passengers can avail themselves of online passengers can avail themselves of online booking. Initially, various upgrade and booking. Initially, various upgrade and overhaul work will be performed at more overhaul work will be performed at more than five hundred stations, some of it by than five hundred stations, some of it by private contract. All metre gauge lines in the private contract. All metre gauge lines in the country will be converted to broad gauge country will be converted to broad gauge New stainless steel coaches, manufactured New stainless steel coaches, manufactured in India, have been installed in Rajdhani and in India, have been installed in Rajdhani and Shatabdi express trains. These coaches Shatabdi express trains. These coaches enhance the safety and riding comfort enhance the safety and riding comfort

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