indian political system - 1

8/13/2019 Indian Political System - 1

1/27

AnIntroduction


2/27

ISINDIAANA

TION?

NAT

ION:alarge

bodyofpeo

pleunitedby

common

descent,history

,culture,orlanguage,inha

bitinga

particularstate

orterritory(OxfordDictio

nary)


3/27

InIndia

wehave..

N

o.ofreligio

ns

D

iversephysicalfeatures

-Drydeserts,Evergre

enforests,F

ertile

p

lains

N

o.oflangua

ges(200)a

nddialects(1400)

N

ouniformcivilcode

D

iversityofclothingandattire

D

iversityinfo

odhabits

N

umeroustrib

alcultures


4/27

Emerg

enceofa

Nation

-Fre

edomStruggle

Revoltof1857

PhaseofMod

erates

Gandhijisentry

Extremistforces

SecondWorld

War

Partition

In

dependence


5/27

Alegaldocumentfor

governance

..

THEC

ONSTITUTION


6/27

ConstitutionofIndia

-TheMaking

Ca

binetMissionPlan

Co

nstituentAssemblyconstitutedinNo

v,

19

46

DraftingComm

ittee(Chairman:B

R

Am

bedkar)

2y

ears,11mo

nths,18days

CA

MEINTOEFFE

CT:2

6thJan,1950

BritishIndia+

PrincelyStates


7/27

ISTHECONSTITUENT

ASSEMBL

Y

TRULYRE

PRESENT

ATIVE??

(BritishIndia:296seats

PrincelyStates:93

seats)


8/27

Features

oftheC

onstitutio

n

Longestwritten

Constitution

intheworld

395Articles(450),2

2Parts(24),8

Schedules

(12)

FundamentalRights

Dir

ectivePrinciplesofStatePolicy

FederalSystem

withUnitar

yBias

Parliamentary

formofGovernment

SynthesisofPa

rliamentary

Sovereignty

&

Jud

icialSuprem

acy

UniversalAdultFranchise


9/27

Largelyaborrowed

Constitution!!!

BritishConstitution

Parliamentary

Government,L

egislativeProcedure,

Bicameralism

US

Constitution

FundamentalR

ights,IndependentJudiciary

Iris

hConstitution

MethodofelectionofPreside

nt,DPSPs

SouthAfricanCon

stitution

Procedurefor

Amendmentof

Constitution

Ca

nada,USSR,Japan,Australia

,Franceetc.

AN

INTELLIGEN

TACTOFPOLITICALENGINEER

ING


10/27

Na

tureofIndia

So

vereign

So

cialist

Se

cular

De

mocratic

Re

public

Lib

erty(ofthought,expres

sion,belief,faith)

Eq

uality(noprivilegestoa

nysection)

Fraternity


11/27

Fund

amentalR

ights

1.R

ighttoEqua

lity

2.R

ighttoFree

dom

3.R

ightAgainstExploitation

4.R

ighttoFree

domofReligion

5.C

ulturaland

EducationalR

ights

6.R

ighttoConstitutionalRe

medies

FRsarejusticia

ble!!


12/27

Dir

ectivePr

incipleso

fStateP

olicy

idealsthatthe

Stateshouldkeepinmindw

hile

formulating

policiesandenacting

law

s

FewExamples:

-P

rovidefreelegalaidtopoor

-S

ecuretherighttowork

-O

rganizevillage

panchayats

-P

rohibitconsumptionofintoxicatingdrinks

-U

niformcivilcode

-P

rotectandimproveenvironment

-T

opromotemonu

ments,p

lacesofhistoricimporta

nce

DPSPs

areNOTjus

ticiable!!


13/27

Fund

amental

Duties

A

ddedtothe

Constitution

in1976

InspiredbyU

SSR

M

ostlyfound

insocialisticnations

FewExamples:

-Respectnationalflagand

nationalan

them

-U

pholdandp

rotectthein

tegrityofIndia

-Safeguardpublicproperty

-Promoteharm

onyandbrotherhood

RIGHTSNEEDTO

BEBALAN

CEDWITHDU

TIES


14/27

O

rgansofUnionG

overnme

nt


15/27

Legislature

Parliamentco

nsistsofPresident&2H

ouses:

LokSabha

RajyaSabha

Powers&Fun

ctionsofParliament

Makeslaws(forwhole

ofIndia)

Executiveisresponsible

toParliament

FinancialPowers

Constituent

Powers

JudicialPowers


16/27

Legislature(co

ntd.)

LOKSABHAHouseofthe

People

M

aximumStrength:552

(530fromstates;20fromUTs;2

nominated)

N

ormaltermof5years

Presidentcan

dissolvebefore5years

M

embersare

directlyelectedbypeo

ple

U

niversalAdultFranchise

(above18yrs)

C

onstituenciesreadjusted

aftereachCensus

(Banonreadjustmenttill2026;CurrentBasis:2

001

census)


17/27

15thLoksabha

T

otalStrengt

h:5

40

H

alf-wayMa

rk:271

U

PA(273)-TMC(19)=254

O

utsidesupp

ortforUPA:50=BSP(21)+

S

P(22)+RJD(4)+JDS

(3)

C

URRENTSTRENGTH=3

04


18/27

Legislature(co

ntd.)

RAJ

YASABHAHouseofStates

M

aximumStrength:250

(238fromstates;12nominatedbyPresident)

Elected:Byelectedmemb

ersofstate

le

gislativeassemblies

N

ominated:P

eoplewiths

pecialknow

ledge

in

art,literatu

re,science&

socialservice

It

isaperman

entbody

O

ne-thirdofitsmembers

retireevery

2yrs


19/27

Legislature(contd.)

Law

-MakingPro

cedure:

-Introduction(o

ftheBill)

-G

eneralDiscu

ssion

-CommitteeStage

-Voting

-M

ajorityofmemberspres

entandvoting

-Similarprocedureinthesecondhouse

-Presidentsassent


20/27

Executive

M

ainfunction:Toexecute

laws

C

onstitutesCouncilofMin

withPMas

head

In

cludesthee

ntiregovern

mentmachin

ery

Presidentisth

eConstitutio

nalHeadofthe

Executive

PMistheRea

lHeadofth

eExecutive

Presidentshallactinacc

ordancewiththe

a

dvicerenderedbyCoun

cilofMinisters

headedbyth

ePrimeMin

ister


21/27

Executive(co

ntd.)

PresidentofIndia

Qualifications:

-C

itizenofIndia

-A

bove35yrsofage

-ShouldholdN

Oofficeof

profit

-Shouldbequalifiedforelectionasa

m

emberofLo

kSabha

-Exemptionsto

officeofp

rofit

(SittingPresident/V

ice-President,Governor,M

inister)


22/27

Executive(con

td.)

Pow

ersofPresident

-Ex

ecutivePow

ers

-Le

gislativePowers

-Ju

dicialPowers

-FinancialPowers

-M

ilitaryPowe

rs

-Em

ergencyPo

wers

ISTHEPRESIDENTREALLYPOWERFU

L?


23/27

Judiciary

In

terpretsand

validateslaws

SupremeCou

rt:Atthetop

ofaninteg

rated

systemofjudiciary

SupremeCou

rt

HighC

ourts

District

C

ourts

Low

erCourts

JudgesofSC

appointedbyPresident

N

o.ofjudges

ofSC:31(30+1)

In

dependenceofjudiciary


24/27

SecondTierofGovernment

STA

TEGOVERNMENTS

-LegislativeAssem

bly(&L.Cou

ncil)

-Somestateshavebicameralle

gislatures

(

AP,Bihar,J

&K,Kar

nataka,UP,Maharastra)

-GovernorPresident

-ChiefMinister

PrimeMinister

Role

ofGovernor

-NomineeofCen

tralGovernm

ent

-Notelected

-Noprocedureforimpeachme

nt


25/27

ThirdTierofGo

vernment

LO

CALGOVERNMENT

Introducedbythe73rdand74thConstitutional

AmendmentActs

of1992

3-

TierPanchayatsystemforrur

alareas

-Villagelevel

-Intermediate

level

-Districtlevel

3

typesofMunicipalitiesforurb

anareas

NagarPanchaya

t,MunicipalCo

uncilandMun

icipal

Corporation

DOESTHETHIRD-TIERREALLYEXIST?


26/27

OrgansoftheGo

vernmen

t

ISTHEREAN

OVERLAP??

LEGISLAT

URE

E

XECUTIVE

JUDICIARY


27/27

indian political system - 1

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