INDIAN PANORAMA

This Chapter is taken from our:

ISBN : 978-9386146991

IND

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Indian Panorama 5

FOUNDATION DAY OF STATES1st January Nagaland Day

21st January Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura Day

6th Febuary Jammu and Kashmir Day

20thFebruary

Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh day

11th March Andman and Nicobar Islands Day

22nd March Bihar Day (Bihar Diwas)

30th March Rajasthan Day

1st April Utkal (Odisha) Day

14th April Tamil Nadu Day

15th April Himachal Pradesh Day

1st May Gujarat and Maharashtra Day

16th May Sikkim Day

1st November Chattisgarh

9th November

Uttaranchal (Now Uttarakhand) Day

15th November

Jharkhand Day (Jharkhand Diwas)

2nd June (2014)

Telangana Day

NATIONAL SYMBOLS OF INDIANational Flag The national flag consists

of a horizontal rectangular tricolour with saffron at the top, white in the middle and India green at the bottom. The centre has a navy blue wheel with twenty-four spokes, known as the Ashoka Chakra. The flag is designed by Pingali Venkayya.

National Emblem The national emblem is the Lion Capital of Asoka at Sarnath which was adopted on 26th January 1950. The motto inscribed on the emblem is in Devana gari script: “Satyameva jayate” which means Truth Alone Triumphs.

National Anthem The anthem was composed by Rabindranath Tagore; adopted by the Constituent Assembly 24th January 1950.

National Song Vande Mataram was composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. It was adopted as the National song of India in 1950.

National Flower Indian lotus is the national flower. It is the representation of purity as it remains flawless despite growing in mud and water.

National Fruit Mango, also known as the ‘King of Fruits’, is the National Fruit of India.

National River Ganga is the national river of India. It is also the longest river of the country.

National Tree The Indian Banyan (Ficus bengalensis) is the national tree.

National Bird Indian peacock (Pavo cristatus) is the national bird of India.

National Animal The Tiger known as the Lord of the Jungle is the national animal of India.

National Calendar Saka calendar was introduced as the National calendar by the Calendar Committee in 1957.

AWARDS AND HONOURSNational AwardsParam Vir Chakra: The highest Gallantry AwardMahavir Chakra: The second highest Gal-lantry AwardVir Chakra: The third highest Gallantry AwardAshok Chakra: The highest peacetime Gal-lantry awardKirti Chakra: For conspicuous Gallantry Shaurya Chakra: For an act of GallantryBharat Ratna: The highest civilian award of India.• The first three recipients of Bharat Ratna:

C. Rajagopalchari, Dr. S. Radhakrishnan and DR. C.V.Raman (1954)

6 Indian Panorama

Padma Awards:• Padma Vibhushan : The second highest

civilian award given for exceptional and distinguished service.

• Padma Bhushan : The third highest civilian award given for distinguished service of a high order.

• Padma Shri : The fourth highest civillian award given for distinguished service.

OTHER NATIONAL AWARDSBharatiya Jnanpith Award• Instituted in 22 May, 1961, carries a cash

prize of ` 5 lakh, a citation and a bronze replica of Vagdevi (Saraswati).

• This award is given for the best literary writing by an Indian citizen in a language listed in eight schedule of the Indian Con-stitution.

Gandhi Peace Prize• Established in 2 October, 1994. It carries a

cash prize of ` 1 crore.

Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development• Instituted in 1985, this prestigious award

is regarded as ‘Nobel’ and over the years it has been awarded to those persons who have done outstanding work for interna-tional peace, disarmament and develop-ment.

Borlaug Award• Instituted in 1973, carries a cash prize of `

1 lakh.• Instituted to honour outstanding agricul-

tural scientists.

Sahitya Akademi Award• Awarded for outstanding literary work and

carries a cash prize of ` 1 lakh.• Sahitya Academi gives 22 awards for liter-

ary works in the languages which has rec-ognized works.

IMPORTANT BOOKS AND AUTHORSTranscendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji: Abdul KalamUnbelievable – Delhi to Islamabad: Prof Bhim Singh

Two Years Eight Months and Twenty Eight Nights: Salman RushdieGlobalisation, Democratization and Distributive Justice: Professor Mool Chand SharmaMaking India Awesome: Chetan BhagatFlood of fire: Amitav GhoshNeither a Hawk nor a Dove: Khurshid M KasuriThe Red Sari: Javier MoroSourav Ganguly: Cricket, Captaincy and Controversy: Saptarshi SarkarChina – Confucius in the Shadows: Poonam SurieMrs Funnybones: Twinkle KhannaR.D. Burman: The Prince of Music: Khagesh Dev BurmanBeyond Doubt: A Dossier on Gandhi’s Assassination: Teesta SetalvadBenazir Bhutto: A Multidimensional Portrait: Dr Anna SuvorovaModi - Incredible emergence of a star: Tarun VijayThe Accidental Prime Minister – The making and unmaking of Manmohan Singh: Sanjaya BaruHard Choices (Autobiography): Hillary Rodham ClintonI am Malala (Autobiography): Malala YousafzaiAnd Then One Day: Naseerudin ShahPlaying It My Way: Sachin TendulkarThe Narrow Road To the Deep North: Richard FlanganGo Set a Watchman: Harper LeeSuper Economies: Raghav BahlFamily Life: Akhil SharmaLucknow Boy: A Memoir: Late Vinod MehtaA Brief History of Seven Killings: Marlon JamesBeyond 2020: A Vision for Tomorrow’s India: A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and Y. S. RajanLeading: Alex Ferguson With Michael MoritzThe Outsider: Frederick ForsythThe Courage to Act – A Memoir of a Crisis and Its Aftermath: Ben S. BernankeRuled or Misruled: Story and Destiny of Bihar: Santosh SinghHungry Bengal: War, Famine, Riots and the End of Empire: Janam MukherjeeTo the Brink and Back: India’s 1991 Story: Jairam RameshThe Pakistan Paradox: Christrophe JaffrelotCrusader or Conspirator: P.C. ParakhBorn Again On the Mountain: Arunima SinhaThe China Model: Daniel A bellScion of Ikshvaku: Amish Tripathi

Indian Panorama 7

Purity: Jonathan FranzenGod Help the Child: Toni MorrisonLove + Hate: Stories and Essays: Hanif KureishiThe Heart Goes Last: Margaret AtwoodDeep South: Paul TherouxThe Country of First Boys: Amartya SenA Strangeness in My Mind: Orhan PamukAutumn of the Matriarch: Indira Gandhi’s Final Term in Office: Diego MaioranoGods of Corruption: Promilla ShankarRestart: The Last Chance for the Indian Economy: Mihir S. SharmaThe Tears of the Rajas: Ferdinand MountThe Z factor - My journey as the wrong man at the Right Time : Subhash ChandraNathuram Godse - The Story of an Assassin : Anup Ashok SardesaiThe turbulent year - 1980-1996 (Volume II) : Pranab Mukherjee.Jawaharlal Nehru and The Indian Polity is Perspective : Prof (Dr) P.J. AlexanderThe Kiss of life - How a superhero and my son defeated cancer : Emraan Hashmi

SPACE SCIENCESpace mission 1975-2016

Satellite Launch Date

Launch Vehicle

Aryabhata 19-Apr-75 u-11 Interkosmos

Bhaskara-I 7-Jun-79 C-1 InterkosmosRohini Technology Payload

10-Aug-79 SLV-3

Rohini RS-1 18-Jul-80 SLV-3Rohini RS-D1 31-May-81 SLV-3Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment

19-Jun-81 Ariane-1 (V-3)

Bhaskara -II 20-Nov-81 C-1 IntercosmosINSAT-1A 10-Apr-82 Delta 3910

PAM-DRohini RS-D2 17-Apr-83 SLV-3INSAT-1B 30-Aug-83 Shuttle [PAM-D]Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS-1)

24-Mar-87 ASLV

IRS-1A 17-Mar-88 Vostok

Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS-2)

13-Jul-88 ASLV

INSAT-1C 21-Jul-88 Ariane-3INSAT-1D 12-Jun-90 Delta 4925IRS-1B 29-Aug-91 VostokINSAT-2DT 26-Feb-92 Ariane-44L H10Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS-C)

20-May-92 ASLV

INSAT-2A 10-Jul-92 Ariane-44L H10INSAT-2B 23-Jul-93 Ariane-44L

H10+IRS-1E 20-Sep-93 PSLV-D1Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS-C2)

4-May-94 ASLV

IRS-P2 15-Oct-94 PSLV-D2INSAT-2C 7-Dec-95 Ariane-44L

H10-3IRS-1C 29-Dec-95 MolniyaIRS-P3 21-Mar-96 PSLV-D3INSAT-2D 4-Jun-97 Ariane-44L

H10-3IRS-1D 29-Sep-97 PSLV-C1INSAT-2E 3-Apr-99 Ariane-42P

H10-3Oceansat-1 (IRS-P4)

26-May-99 PSLV-C2

INSAT-3B 22-Mar-00 Ariane-5GGSAT-1 18-Apr-01 GSLV-D1Technology Experiment Satellite (TES)

22-Oct-01 PSLV-C3

INSAT-3C 24-Jan-02 Ariane-42L H10-3

Kalpana-1

(METSAT)

12-Sep-02 PSLV-C4

INSAT-3A 10-Apr-03 Ariane-5GGSAT-2 8-May-03 GSLV-D2INSAT-3E 28-Sep-03 Ariane-5GRESOURCE-

SAT-1 (IRS-P6)

17-Oct-03 PSLV-C5

8 Indian Panorama

EDUSAT 20-Oct-04 GSLV-F01HAMSAT 5-May-05 PSLV-C6CARTOSAT-1 5-May-05 PSLV-C6INSAT-4A 22-Dec-05 Ariane-5GSINSAT-4C 10-Jul-06 GSLV-F02CARTOSAT-2 10-Jan-07 PSLV-C7Space Capsule

Recovery

Experiment

(SRE-1)

10-Jan-07 PSLV-C7

INSAT-4B 12-Mar-07 Ariane-5ECAINSAT-4CR 2-Sep-07 GSLV-F04CARTOSAT-2A 28-Apr-08 PSLV-C9IMS-1 (Third

World Satellite

– TWsat)

28-Apr-08 PSLV-C9

Chandrayaan-1 22-Oct-08 PSLV-C11RISAT-2 20-Apr-09 PSLV-C12ANUSAT 20-Apr-09 PSLV-C12Oceansat-2

(IRS-P4)

23-Sep-09 PSLV-C14

GSAT-4 15-Apr-10 GSLV-D3CARTOSAT-2B 12-Jul-10 PSLV-C15StudSat 12-Jul-10 PSLV-C15GSAT-5P /

INSAT-4D

25-Dec-10 GSLV-F06

RESOURC-

ESAT-2

20-Apr-11 PSLV-C16

Youthsat 20-Apr-11 PSLV-C16GSAT-8 / INSAT-

4G

21-May-11 Ariane-5 VA-202

GSAT-12 15-Jul-11 PSLV-C17Megha-

Tropiques

12-Oct-11 PSLV-C18

Jugnu 12-Oct-11 PSLV-C18RISAT-1 26-Apr-12 PSLV-C19SRMSAT 26-Apr-12 PSLV-C18GSAT-10 29-Sep-12 Ariane-5 VA-209SARAL 25-Feb-13 PSLV-C20IRNSS-1A 1-Jul-13 PSLV-C22INSAT-3D 26-Jul-13 Ariane-5GSAT-7 30-Aug-13 Ariane-5Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM)

5-Nov-13 PSLV-C25

GSAT-14 5-Jan-14 GSLV-D5IRNSS-1B 4-Apr-14 PSLV-C24IRNSS-1C 10-Nov-14 PSLV-C26

GSAT-16 7-Dec-14 Ariane-5IRNSS-1D 28-Mar-15 PSLV-C27

GSAT-6 27-Aug-15 GSLV-D6Astrosat 28-Sep-15 PSLV-C30

GSAT-15 11-Nov-15 Ariane 5 VA-227IRNSS-1E 20-Jan-16 PSLV-C31IRNSS-1F 10-Mar-16 PSLV-C32

IRNSS-1G 28-Apr-16 PSLV-C33Corbo Set-2C 22-Jun-16 PSLV-C34

DEFENCE & SECURITYDefence of IndiaThe supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces is the President of India.

1. Army Command and Headquarters

Command Headquarters Command Headquarters

Western Command Chandimandir Eastern Command Kolkata

Northern Command Udhampur Southern Command Pune

Army Training Comm. Shimla Central Command Lucknow

South Western Comm. Jaipur

8 Indian Panorama Indian Panorama 9

2. Navy Command and Headquarters:Command Headquarters Command Headquarters

Eastern Command Visakhapatnam Southern Command KochiWestern Command Mumbai

3. Air Force Command and Headquarters:Command Headquarters Command Headquarters

Eastern Air Comd. Shillong Western Air Comd. New DelhiSouth-West Air Comd. Gandhinagar Central Air Comd. AllahabadSouthern Air Comd. ThiruvananthapuramMaintenance Comd. Nagpur Training Comd. Bangalore

RANKS OF INDIAN ARMY, NAVY & AIR FORCEIndian Army Indian Navy Indian Air Force

Field Marshal Admiral of the Fleet Marshal of the Air ForceGeneral Admiral Air Chief MarshalLieutenant General Vice Admiral Air MarshalMajor General Rear Admiral Air Vice MarshalBrigadier Commodore Air CommodoreColonel Captain Group CaptainLieutenant Colonel Commander Wing CommanderMajor Lieutenant Commander Squadron LeaderCaptain Lieutenant Flight LieutenantLieutenant Sub-Lieutenant Flying Officer

Internal Security of IndiaOrganization Year Headquarters

Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) 1939 New DelhiNational Cadet Corps (NCC) 1948 New DelhiIndo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) 1962 New DelhiBorder Security Force (BSF) 1965 New DelhiCentral Industrial Security Force (CISF) 1969 New Delhi

Defence Training Institutions of IndiaNational Defence Academy (NDA), Khadakwasla (near Pune)National Defence College (NDC), New DelhiRashtriya Indian Military College (RIMC), DehradunArmed Forces Medical College (AFMC), PuneAir Force School, Sambra (Belgaum)College of Air Warfare, SecunderabadAir Force Academy, HyderabadI.N.S. Chilka, ChilkaI.N.S. Mandovi, GoaIndian Naval Academy, Ezhimala

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Research Centres of IndiaIndian Agricultural Research Institute

New Delhi

Central Rice Research Institute CuttackCentral Potato Research Institute

Shimla

Central Forest Research Institute

Dehradun

IINRG, Indian Institute of Natu-ral Resins and Gums

Ranchi

National Diary Research Institute

Karnal

Central Mining Research Institute

Dhanbad

Central Jute Technological Research Institute

Kolkata

National Geophysics Research Institute

Hyder-abad

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

Mumbai

High Altitude Research Labora-tory

Leh

Centre for Cellular and Molecu-lar Biology

Hyder-abad

Nuclear and Space Research Centres in India

India Rare Earths Limited MumbaiUranium Corporation of India

Singhbhum

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)

Trombay (Mumbai)

Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics

Kolkata

Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre

Thiruvantha-puram

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

Bangalore

Space Applications Centre

Ahmedabad

Missiles of IndiaAstra- Air-to-air missilePrithvi I- Surface to SurfacePrithvi II- Surface to SurfacePrithvi III- Surface to SurfaceDhanush- Surface to SurfaceAgni I- Surface to SurfaceShaurya- Surface to SurfaceTrishul- Surface-To-Air MissileAkash- Surface-To-Air MissileMaitri- Surface-To-Air MissileBarak2- Surface-To-Air MissileBrahMos- Supersonic Cruise MissileBrahMos II- Hypersonic Cruise MissileK-15 Sagarika- Submarine Launched Ballistic MissileNag - Anti-Tank Guided MissileHelina - Anti-Tank Guided MissileNirbhay- Subsonic Cruise MissileAgni V- Intercontinental ballistic MissileAstra- Air-to-air missile

Nuclear Power Plant of IndiaPower station State Type Operator Total capacity

(MW)

Kaiga Karnataka PHWR NPCIL 660

Kalpakkam Tamil Nadu PHWR NPCIL 440

Kakrapar Gujarat PHWR NPCIL 440

Rawatbhata Rajasthan PHWR NPCIL 1180

Tarapur Maharashtra BWR (PHWR) NPCIL 1400

Narora Uttar Pradesh PHWR NPCIL 440

Total 4560

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ATOMIC & NUCLEAR SCIENCE

ATOMIC RESEARCHIndia’s atomic research programme is committed to peaceful uses only, for example, atomic power, generation of electricity, development of agriculture and industry, medical science application, etc.

First Nuclear ExplosionCarried out on 18 May 1974 at pokhran in Rajasthan (Thar) desert. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) Established in

1957, it is located at Trombay (Maharashtra), and is India’s largest atomic research centre, for R&D.

NUCLEAR POWER PLANTSNuclear power is the fourth-largest source of electricity in India after thermal, hydroelectric and renewable sources of electricity. India has 21 nuclear reactors in operation in 7 nuclear power plants, having an installed capacity of 5308 MW and producing a total of 30,292.91 GWh

POWER STATION IN INDIAPower station Operator Establishment

DateLocation State

Tarapur Atomic Power Station NPCIL 1969 Tarapur MaharashtraRajasthan Atomic Power Station NPCIL 1973 Rawatbhata RajasthanKakrapar Atomic Power Station NPCIL 1993 Kakrapar GujaratKudankulam Nuclear Power Plant NPCIL 2013 Kudankulam Tamil NaduKaiga Nuclear Power Plant NPCIL 2000 Kaiga KarnatakaMadras Atomic Power Station NPCIL 1984 Kalpakkam Tamil NaduNarora Atomic Power Station NPCIL 1991 Narora Uttar PradeshGorakhpur Atomic Power Station NPCIL Fatehabad HaryanaTalcher Super Thermal Power Station

NTPC 1995 Kaniha Odisha

Sipat Thermal Power Plant NTPC 2008 Sipat ChhattisgarhVindhyachal Super Thermal Power Station

NTPC 2013 Singrauli Madhya Pradesh

Mundra Ultra Mega Power Project Tata Power 2009 Mundra GujaratKorba Super Thermal Power Plant NTPC 1983 Jamani Palli Chattish GahrBhusawal Thermal Power Station MAHAGEN-

CO1968 Deepnagar Maharastra

Satpura Thermal Power Station MPPGCL 1967 Sarni Madhya Pradesh

Sterlite Jharsuguda Power Station Vedanta 2006 Jharsuguda OdishaDurgapur Thermal Power Station DVC 1996 Durgapur West Bengal

FOUR ENDS OF INDIAEnd Points Places

Northern most Siachen Glacier

Southern most Kanya Kumari District (Cape Comorin)

Eastern most Kibithu Village, Arunachal Pradesh

Western most Guhar Moti in Kutch, Gujarat

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FIRST IN INDIA (MALE)First governor of Bengal Lord Clive(1758-60)Last governor of Bengal Warren Hastings(1772-74)The first British Governor General of Bengal Lord Warren Hasting(1774-1885)The first British Governor General of India Lord William Bentinck(1833-1835)The first British Viceroy of India Lord Canning(1856-62)The first Governor General of free India Lord Mountbatten(1947-1948)The first and the last Indian to be Governor General of free India

C. Rajgopalachari(1948-1950)

The first President of Indian Republic Dr. Rajendra PrasadThe first Prime Minister of free India Pt. Jawahar Lal NehruThe first Indian to win Nobel Prize Rabindranath TagoreThe first President of Indian National Congress W.C. BanerjeeThe first Muslim President of Indian National Congress Badruddin TayyabjiThe first Muslim President of India Dr. Zakir HussainThe first man who introduced printing press in India James HickyThe first Indian to join the I.C.S Satyendra Nath TagoreIndia’s first man in Space Rakesh SharmaThe first Prime Minister of India who resigned without completing the full term

Morarji Desai

The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India General CariappaThe first Chief of Army Staff Gen. Maharaj Rajendra SinghjiThe first Indian Member of the Viceroy’s executive council

S.P.Sinha

The first President of India who died while in office Dr. Zakhir Hussain The first Muslim President of Indian Republic Dr. Zakhir HussainThe first Prime Minister of India who did not face the Parliament

Charan Singh

The first Field Marshal of India S.H.F. ManekshawThe first Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics C.V.RamanThe first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award Dr. RadhakrishnanThe first Indian to cross English Channel Mihir SenThe first Person to receive Jnanpith award Sri Shankar KurupThe first Speaker of the Lok Sabha Ganesh Vasudeva MavalankarThe first Vice-President of India Dr. RadhakrishnanThe first Education Minister Abdul Kalam AzadThe first Home minister of India Sardar Vallabh Bhai PatelThe first Indian Air Chief Marshal S. MukherjeeThe first Indian Naval Chief Vice Admiral R.D. KatariThe first chief of Army staff K.M. CariappaThe first Judge of International Court of Justice Dr. Nagendra SinghThe first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen Sherpa Anga DorjeeThe first person to get Param Vir Chakra Major Somnath SharmaThe first Chief Election Commissioner Sukumar Sen

12 Indian Panorama Indian Panorama 13

The first person to receive Magsaysay Award Acharya Vinoba BhaveThe first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in Medicine

Hargovind Khurana

The first Chinese traveller to visit India Fa-heinThe first person to receive Stalin Prize Saifuddin KitchluThe first person to resign from the Central Cabinet Shyama Prasad MukherjeeThe first person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics Amartya SenThe first Chief Justice of Supreme Court Justice Hirala J. KaniaThe first Indian Pilot J.R.D. Tata (1929)

FIRST IN INDIA (FEMALE)

The first lady to become Miss World Reita FariaThe first woman judge in Supreme Court Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima BibiThe first woman Ambassador C.B. MuthammaThe first woman Governor of a state in free India Sarojini NaiduThe first woman Speaker of a State Assembly Shanno DeviThe first woman Prime Minister Indira GandhiThe first woman Minister in a Government Rajkumari Amrit KaurThe first woman to climb Mount Everest Bachhendri PalThe first woman to climb Mount Everest twice Santosh YadavThe first woman President of Indian National Congress

Annie Besant

The first woman pilot in Indian Air Force Harita Kaur DayalThe first woman Graduates Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi

Basu, 1883The first woman Airline Pilot Durga BanerjeeThe first woman Honours Graduate Kamini Roy, 1886The first woman Olympic medal Winner Karnam Malleswari, 2000The first woman Asian Games Gold Medal Winner Kamlijit SandhuThe first woman Lawyer Cornelia SorabjeeThe first woman President of United Nations General Assembly

Vijaya Laxmi Pandit

The first woman Chief Minister of an Indian State Sucheta KripalaniThe first woman Chairman of Union Public Service Commission

Roze Millian Bethew

The first woman Director General of Police Kanchan Chaudhary BhattacharyaThe first woman Judge Anna Chandy (She became judge in a

district court in 1937)The first woman Cheif Justice of High Court Leela Seth (Himachal Pradesh High

Court)The first woman Judge in Supreme Court of India Kumari Justice M. Fathima BeeviThe first woman Lieutenant General Puneeta AroraThe first woman Air Vice Marshal P. BandopadhyayaThe first woman chairperson of Indian Airlines Sushma Chawla

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The first woman IPS officer Kiran BediThe first and last Muslim woman ruler of India Razia SultanThe first woman to receive Ashoka Chakra Neerja BhanotThe first woman to receive Gyanpith Award Ashapurna DeviThe first woman to cross English Channel Arati SahaThe first woman to receive Nobel Prize Mother TeresaThe first woman to receive Bharat Ratna Indira Gandhi

FIRST IN OTHERSFirst Wax statue of a Living Indian Mahatma Gandhi at Madame Tussaud’s in 1939First Exclusive internet magazine Bharat SamacharFirst Miss India to participate in Miss Universe

Indrani Rehman

First Judge in International Court of Justice Dr. Nagender SinghFirst Graduate in Medicine Soorjo Coomar Goodeve Chukerbutty

India’s First University Nalanda UniversityIndia’s First Open University Andhra Pradesh Open UniversityIndia’s First Lok Sabha Member to be elected with a record maximum number of votes

P.V.Narasimha Rao

First Indian to reach Antarctica Lt. Ram CharanFirst British to Visit India HawkinsFirst Test tube baby of India Indira (Baby Harsha)First Post Office Opened in India Kolkata(1727)

SUPERLATIVES : INDIAStructures • Highest Tower ( Minaret ) – Qutub Minar • Higher Gateway – Buland Darwaza at

Fatehpur Sikri near Agra. Built by Akbar (53.5 m /175 ft High)

• Highest Dam – Bhakra Dam • Highest Bridge – Chenab Bridge • Highest Airport- Leh Air Port in Ladakh

(3256 m/ 16080 ft high) • Highest Hydel Power Station- Rongtong

Hydel Project in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh.

• Highest Mountain Peak- Kanchenjunga • Highest Road- Road at Khardungla in the

Leh-Manali Sector • Highest Waterfall- Jog Waterfall,

Karnataka • Largest Residence – Antilia Bhawan built

by Mukesh Ambani • Largest Cinema Hall – Prasad Max,

Hyderabad • Largest Museum – National Museum

Delhi • Largest River Barrage – Farakka Barrage

• Biggest Auditorium (Mumbai) – Sri Shanmukhanand Hall

• Largest zoo – Arignar Anna Zoological Park • Largest Cave Temple – Ellora • Largest Gurudwara – Golden Temple,

Amritsar • Largest Mosque – Taj-ul-Masjid at

Bhopal(M.P) with area-430,000 sq. ft, & capacity 1.75 lakh people.

• Largest Man-made Lake – Govind Sagar (Bhakra)

• Largest Dome – Gol Gumbaz (Karnataka) • Largest Cantilever Bridge – Howrah

Bridge • Longest Railway Tunnel- Pir Panjal

Railway Tunnel (11 km) • Longest Road Tunnel - 9.2 km long tunnel

on Jammu-Srinagar National Highway • Largest Public Sector Bank- State Bank

of India • Largest Botanical Garden - National

Botanical Garden in Kolkata • Largest Church- Se Cathedral at Old Goa,

10 km from Panaji. • Largest Delta- Sunderbans (75,000 sq km)

formed by the Ganga and Brahmaputra in West Bengal and Bangladesh

14 Indian Panorama Indian Panorama 15

• Largest Stupa- Kesariya Stupa in Bihar • Largest Library- National Library, Kolkata • Largest Planetarium- Birla Planetarium,

Kolkata. • Largest Prison- Tihar Jail, Delhi • Largest Concentration of Scheduled

Tribes- Madhya Pradesh • Largest Scheduled Caste Community-

Santhal • Longest River Bridge – Bandra-Worli sea

link which is 5.6 km. • Largest Corridor – Rameshwaram

Temple Corridor • Largest irrigation Canal-Indira Gandhi

Canal or Rajasthan Canal (959 km long) • Longest Dam-Hirakund Dam on Mahanadi

river in Odisha (24.4 km long) • Longest Glacier-Siachen Glacier on the

Indo-Pakistan border (75.6 km long and 2.8 km wide)

• Longest Railway Bridge – Nehru Setu Bridge (4.62 km) long

• Fastest Train- Gatimaan Express which runs between Delhi and Agra (166 km/hr)

• Tallest Statues – Statue of Jain Saint Gomateswara at Sravanabelagola in Karnataka

• Oldest Church- St. Thomas Church at Palayar in Trichur district in Kerala built in 52 AD.

• Oldest Monastery- Buddhist Monastery, (situated at an altitude of 3,048 m /10,000 ft) at Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh.

• Largest mall- Lulu Mall Kochi • Most Populous City- Mumbai

Natural • Longest River – Ganges • Largest Desert – Thar ( Rajasthan) • Largest Fresh Water Lake-Kolleru in

Andhra Pradesh • Largest Cave- Amarnath (about 44 km

from Pahalgam in Jammu and Kashmir)

FOUNDERS OF INDIAN INSTITU-TIONS

• Arya Samaj-Swami Dayanand Saraswathi • Athmiya Sabha-Raja Ram Mohan Roy • Brahma Samaj-Raja Ram Mohan Roy • Deccan Education Society-G.G.Agarkar,

M.G.Ranade, V.G.Gibhongar • Dharma Sabha-Radhakanthadev • Indian Brahma Samaj-Keshav Chandra Sen • Manavadharma Sabha-Durgaram

Manjaram • Prarthana Samaj-Athmaram Pandurang • Pune Sewa S adan-Smt.Remabhai Ranade,

G.K.Devdhar • Ramakrishna Mission-Swami Vivekananda

• Sadharan Brahma Samaj-Shivananda Sashtri, Anand Mohan Bose

• Servants of India Society-Gopalakrishna Gokhale

• Sewa Sadan-Bahuramji M.Malabari • Sewa Samithi-H.N.Kunsru • Social Service League-N.M.Joshi • Thathwabodhini Sabha-Debendranatha

Tagore • Theosophical Society-Madam H.P.

Blavadski, Col.H.L.Olkott

FOUNDERS OF TOWNS IN INDIA • Agra- Sikkandar Lodhi • Ahmedabad - Ahmed Shah • Ajmeer- Ajaypal Chauhan • Allahabad- Akbar • Culcutta- Job Charnok • Delhi- Anankapalan • Fathepur Sikri - Akbar • Hisar- Ferozshah Tuglaq • Hyderabad - Quli Qutabshah • Jodhpur- Rao Jodha • Mahabalipuram - Narasimhawarman • Siri- Alaudden Khilji • Vijayanagaram - Hariharan 1

SOBRIQUETSA sobriquet is a nickname, Occasionally assumed and often given by anther. It is usually a familiar name. This significant distinctive is a ample familiarity that the sobriquet can become more familiar than the original name.

Person Primary Names

Anna C N AnnaduraiBadshah Khan/ Frontier Gandhi

Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Buddha Siddhartha GautamaChacha/Panditji Jawaharlal NehruGrand Old Man of India

Dadabhai Naoroji

Gurudev Rabindranath TagoreGuruji M S GohlwalkarKaviguru Rabindranath TagoreLokmanya Bal Gangadhar TilakLoknayak Jayaprakash NarayanMan of Peace Lal Bahadur ShastriManitas de Plate Flamenco guitarist

Ricardo BaliardoNetaji Subhash Chandra BosePunjab kesari Lala Lajpat Rai

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Rajaji C RajagopalachariSaint of the Gutters Mother TeresaHaryana Hurricane Kapil DevPrince of Kolkata Saurav GangulyPlaces Primary Names

Bengal’s Sorrow Damodar Rever, IndiaBlue Mountain Niligiri Hills, IndiaCity of Golden Temple Amritsar, IndiaCity of Palaces Kolkata, IndiaDiamond City in India Surat, GujaratGarden City of India BengaluruGarden of India Kashmir

Gateway of India MumbaiGod’s Own Country KeralaLand of Five Rivers Punjab, IndiaPink City Jaipur, IndiaQueen of Arabian Sea Kochi, IndiaSpice Garden of India KeralaThe City of Joy Kolkata, IndiaThe City of Palaces Kolkata, IndiaVenice of East Alleppey, IndiaQueen of Arabian Sea Kochi, IndiaGarden City of India BangaloreBlue Mountains Niligiri Hills, India

CREMATORIUM OF FAMOUS PERSONSRajghat Mahatma Gandhi Shanti Van Jawahar Lal NehruVijay Ghat Lal Bahadur Shastri Shakti Sthal Indira GandhiKishan Ghat Ch. Charan Singh Abhay Ghat Morarji DesaiVeer Bhumi Rajiv Gandhi Samata Sthal Jagjivan RamEkta Sthal Giani Zail Singh Karma Bhumi Dr. Shankar Dayal

SharmaUday Bhoomi K.R. Narayanan Mahaprayan Ghat Dr. Rajendra Prasad

FAMOUS NICKNAMES OF EMINENT PERSONSNickname Person

Father of the Nation, Bapu Mahatma GandhiIron Man of India Sardar Vallabhbhai PatelNapoleon of India SamudraguptaShakespeare of India KalidasaMahamana Pt. Madan Mohan MalaviyaDeshbandhu Chittaranjan DasDeenabandhu C.F.AndrewsPunjab Kesari Lala Lajpat RaiNightingale of India Sarojini NaiduLady with the lamp Florence NightingaleTota-e-Hind (Parrot of India) Amir KhushroShri Guruji M.S.Golwalkar

FAMOUS PLACES ASSOCIATED WITH EMINENT PERSONSPlace Person Place Person

Corsica Napoleon Bonaparte Belur Math Ramakrishna ParamhansaKapilvastu Gautam Buddha Jerusalem Jesus ChristMacedonia Alexander, the Great Mecca Prophet MohammadJeeradei Dr. Rajendra Prasad Porbandar Mahatma GandhiAnand Bhawan Jawaharlal Nehru Fatehpur Sikri Akbar, the GreatSabarmati Mahatma Gandhi Puducherry Aurobindo GhoshSitab Diara Jai Prakash Narayan Pawapuri MahaviraShantiniketan Rabindra Nath Tagore