indian agriculture
DESCRIPTION
Some Basics of Indian AgricultureTRANSCRIPT
Agriculture is a basic Occupation. It is the oldest business in the world and nearly two-third of the population of world is dependent on agriculture.
Meaning Of Agriculture
The art or science of cultivating the ground,
including the harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of live stock;
tillage; husbandry; farming……….
Meaning Of Agriculture
We
have
developed
in so many AREAS
TECHONOLGY
Communication
H
E
A
L
T
H
DEFENCE
Entrainment
TRANSPORT
India can’t be a Developed Country
if
It is not Developed in Agriculture
To
Increase
the
National Income
THINK FOR A WHILE
IF HE STOPS
AGRICULTURE
What will be the condition
NO FOOD AT ALL !!!!!!!!
PEOPLE START FIGHTING FOR FOOD
Hungry people RUNING FOR FOOD
For High cost Purchase
Is
Government
Is
Silent
Think
what to do If
It is
silent
IF
U
HAVE
ANY
IDEA
PLE………… NOTE THEM
Let us come
to the heart of
the Hot topic
GLOBAL AGRICULTURE
TOTAL HECTARES CULTIVATED
Country Million HA• USA 185• China 131• Europe (EU-15) 125• Australia 56• Canada 35• India 141
India’s position in world Agriculture Rank
• Total Area Seventh• Irrigated Area First• Population Second• Economically Active population Second• Total Cereals Third• Wheat Second• Rice Second• Coarse grains Fourth• Total Pulses First• Oil Seeds Second• Fruits and Vegetables Second• Implements (Tractors) Third • Milk First• Live Stock (castles, Buffaloes) First
INDIAN AGRICULTURE
Million Ha
•Total Crops Planted annually - 191
• Total ha Available for Planting - 141
• Cropped more than once - 50
• Rain Fed (61%) - 86
• Irrigated Land (39%) - 55
• Agriculture Sector is changing the socio-economic environments of the population.
• About 75% people are living in rural areas and are still dependent on Agriculture.
• About 43% of India’s geographical area is used for agricultural activity
• Agriculture continues to play a major role in Indian Economy
Indian Agriculture
Indian Agriculture
• Provides about 65% of the livelihood • Accounts for 27% of GDP• Contributes 21% of Total Exports, and Supplies
Raw materials to Industries• Growth Rate in production - 5.7% • Food grains production – 211.17 mt
Mile Stones in Agricultural Development
• Green Revolution (1968)
• Ever-Green Revolution (1996)
• Blue Revolution (water, fish)
• White Revolution (Milk)
• Yellow Revolution (flower, edible)
• Bio-Technology Revolution
• ICT Revolution
Technologies for Sustainable Agricultural Development
• Biotechnology
• Pre & post harvesting technology
• Energy saving technology
• Environment protection technology
• Information and Communication technology
• Internet/Intranet Technology
IMPORTANCE
OF
AGRICULTURE
IN
INDIAN ECONOMY
Large Share in Gross National income
•Agriculture is contributing 18% of NI
•Before Independence it is contributing 70% of NI
Why it is decreased now a days?????
: Due to the growth of Industries & service Sector
Agriculture
Provides
large employment
Opportunities
1.As India is more populated nation.
2.Agriculture is main occupation in India
3.More than 65% of people indulge in Agriculture
4.Now days it is reducing because of development of non agriculture sector.
Supply food to the people
Industrial Development
As agriculture develop industries will develop
As paddy grows more…………….
Rice mills will increases.
In this region paddy grows more so. Rice mills were more established in this region.
Raw Cotton grows
Cotton textile Mills will Increase
Sugarcane
Sugar Industry
MUSTARD PLANT Sun Flower field
Mustard Industry Sunflower Industry
AGRO- BASED INDUSTRY
It helps in Foreign Trade
•Agriculture is playing very important role in Export.
•The share agricultural exports in total exports is more than 10%.
India’s Agricultural Export Potentials
Marine Products Rice Wheat Condiments and Spuces Cashew Tea Coffee Castor Jute Fruits and Vegetables- Onions, Mango, Grapes, Banana,
Tomato , Potato , Lichchi ,etc.
Exports of Agricultural Commodities from India
( Value in Million US$) Year Total Exports Agricultural Exports Agr Exports as % Total
Exports1960-61 1348 596 44.21
1970.-71 2031 644 31.71
1980-81 8484.7 2600 30.64
1990-91 18145 3354 18.49
1991-92 17865 3203 17.93
1992-93 1537 3136 16.92
1993-94 22238 4028 18.11
1994-95 26331 4226 16.05
1995-96 31795 6082 19.13
1996-97 33470 6863 20.50
1997-98 35006 6626 18.93
1998-99 33219 6035 18.17
1999-00 36822 5773 15.68
2000-01 44560 6256 14.04
2001-02 43827 6146 14.03
2002-03 52719 6962 13.21
2003-04 63843 7888 12.36
Revenue to the Government
We purchase land we pay TAX
We use electricity and we pay TAX there while paying E-bill
Purchase of seeds. It includes all taxes
We sell the agriculture
commodities for that we have to pay
TAX
We purchase products and we pay TAX
We paid all these
TAXES
Where it will Go
TO
Indian
Government
LEADS TO CAPITAL FORMATION
Farmer grows Sugarcane
He will send it to Factory
He
will
get
money
From
Industry
He will pay all the liabilities
Now he will Purchase Some other food grains
What
to
Do
this
Excess Money????
He will purchase some GOLD
He will purchase some share.
Deposits
Purchase
of
Vehicle
Tertiary Sector Development
Wheat grown in the field
Wheat is Harvested
Harvested wheat is packed in gunny bags
They were taken by the Stock Keeper
TRADE
Stock keeper will take INSURANCE on this
And he take Insurance on his CROP GROWN
Stock kipper do his transaction with BANK
THEY TRASFER THE MONEY THROUGH
BANK
AGRICULTURE
FIELD
THIS LEADS TO DEVELOPMENT OF
TRANSPORT
SOIL EROSION
MEANING OF SOIL EROSION
•The detachment and movement of topsoil by the action of wind and
flowing water.
•Soil erosion refers to loss of fertility of top soil
TYPES OF
SOIL EROSION
WATER EROSION
Sheet ErosionThe removal of the entire topsoil as a
result of heavy rains is called sheet erosion.
Rill ErosionRunoff water moves across the soil forming small streams.
The topsoil is removed only in these rills formed by the water streams.
Riparian ErosionThe banks of rivers lose top soil due to the action of the fast moving rivers
waters. These waters remove the underlying soil and this results in the loss of topsoil
WIND EROSION
TILLAGE EROSION
SOIL EROSION IN INDIA
VIDEO CLIPS OF
SOIL EROSION
Video 1 Video 2 Video 3 Video 4
CAUSE OF SOIL EROSION
FLOOD
SOIL EROSION
THROUGH STRONG
WINDS
CYCLONES AFFECT
AGRICULTURE LAND
MAN
MADE CAUSES
DEFORESTATION
OVER GRAZING
EFFECTS OF SOIL EROSION
• LOSS OF OM, CLAY, AND NUTRIENTS REDUCES PRODUCTIVITY
• DAMAGE TO PLANTS
• FORMATION OF RILLS AND GULLIES AFFECTS MANAGEMENT
• SEDIMENTATION IN WATERWAYS, DIVERSIONS, TERRACES, DITCHES
• DELIVERY OF NUTRIENTS TO SURFACE WATER
What is soil Conservation ?
The prevention of soil erosion and increasing the fertility of the soil……
What
are
the
methods
of
soil conservation ?????
Afforestaion
When the land is covered with vegetation, the roots of the plants and trees interlock and interlace to bind the soil particles. This helps in two ways:
1.Does not allow the soil particles to be carried away by wind or water
2.Does not allow free flow of water over the soil which prevent erosion of soil by flowing water
3.The falling leaves of the plants get converted to humus by decomposing action of the soil microbes. This enriches the soil.
Control of over-grazing
The practice of growing different crops at different times on the same land is called crop rotation. This keeps the topsoil covered with vegetation. Rotation of cereal crops with legumes also keeps the soil enriched with nitrogen.
Crop Rotation
Strip Cropping
It involves growing of crops in strips. The most common method followed is the contour farming where the strips of crop are at right angles to the slope. Wind-strip cropping is when the strips of crop are place at right angles to the direction of wind.
Terracing
Fields are cut at right angles to the slope. This slows down the flowing water and allows it to irrigate the crops, as wells.
Dam Building
With the dams the speed and amount of water flowing can be controlled. This will control the soil erosion of the river banks.
Wind Breakers
Trees are planted across
the wind direction to protect against the high velocity
winds. These rows of trees are
called shelter belts or wind
breakers.
MODERN IMPLEMENTS
USED IN AGRICULTURE
Land Levelers
Farm Equipment
Soil Conditioners
Front End Loaders
Ditchers
Agricultural Sprinkler
Agricultural Tools
Chaff Cutters
Harvester
Sickles
Grazing Machinery
Baler
Corn Harvester
Feed Grinder
Harrow
Planter
Seed drill
Subsoiler
Transplanter
Plough
Power tiller
Sugarcane Planter
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