IndiaUnit 3

subcontinent

• A large area of land that is separated from the continent

Most of the water in the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra rivers comes from

1. Natural springs in the desert

2. Melting ice in the mountains

3. Rain from the plateau

4. Lakes in the north

0 of 1

Main Rivers

Three main rivers bring water and fertile soil to India• The Indus• The Ganges (The Holy River of the Hindus) – people

believe that by bathing in this river, they will be cleansed of all sin

• The Brahmaputra

These rivers start in the Himalaya Mountains and get water from melting ice

Indus River• Begins in Himalayas• Floods and leaves silt behind

Ganges River

• Flows across north India• Floods and leaves silt behind

Brahmaputra River

• Runs through the Himalayas and joins the Ganges river

• Floods and leaves silt behind

During the summer in India, the monsoon brings

1. Heavy rain2. Dust storms3. Unbearable heat4. Pleasant mornings

0 of 1

Why is the soil around the Indus River valley so fertile?

1. Many fish live in the water

2. Floods leave silt behind

3. Pure water flows from the mountains

4. People have farmed there for centuries

0 of 1

Monsoons

• A monsoon is a strong wind that brings a lot of rain to India

• When the rivers flood, they leave silt behind• The silt makes the land in the river valleys very fertile

Which of the following parts of India has the best farming soil?

1. The Hindu Kush Mountains

2. The Deccan Plateau3. The Himalaya

Mountain Ranges4. The Ganges River

Valley

0 of 1

Which phrase best describes the Eastern and Western Ghats?

1. Fertile plains2. Sandy beaches3. Mountain ranges4. Wetlands

0 of 1

How does the location of the Himalaya mountains help India?

1. Roads for trading2. Consistent water

supply3. Protection from

enemies4. Protection from

earthquakes

0 of 1

Mountain Ranges• There are four mountain ranges in India

– The Himalayas – where you will find Mount Everest, the tallest Mountain in the world

– Hindu Kush– Western Ghats– Eastern Ghats

• These mountains protected people in India from attacks by enemies.

Hindu Kush Mountains• Very high mountains• Covered in snow and ice

Hindu Kush Mountains• Very high mountains• Covered in snow and ice

Eastern and Western Ghats• Mountains along the coast• Steep slopes, narrow valleys, thick forests,

heavy rain• Unsafe to travel

Deccan Plateau• Land at top of mountains• Thin forest, rocky• Dry with soil that is not fertile

A traveler in the Thar Desert would most likely see

1. Elephants2. Sand dunes3. Farms4. Walled cities

0 of 1

Where, in India, were the earliest known settlements?

1. On the plateau2. Near the dessert3. Beside the rivers4. In the mountains

0 of 1

Mohenjodaro was located in

1. Western Ghats2. Deccan Plateau3. Indus River Valley4. Ganges River Valley

0 of 1

Mohenjodaro

• One of the first settlements in India• It had two parts

– Citadel– An area of daily living

citadel

• A fortress surrounded by a wall where people go in times of danger

Indus River Valley• People began to migrate here in 3500B.C.• The first civilizations, Harappa and

Mohenjodaro, formed around 2500 B.C. in the Indus River Valley

• Mohenjodaro was divided into two sections:– A raised area surrounded by a wall where

people went when enemies attacked– A carefully planned living area that was

divided into blocks by 9 streets

People lived in mudbrick houses that had one or two stories and as many as 12 rooms.

• And they had a public bath and sewer system• Dirty water was carried away by a set of

drains

Why did Mohenjodaro have a raised section surrounded by a wall?

1. Traders went there to work

2. The religious leaders lived separate from the people

3. The wall hid the homes of rich people

4. People went there when enemies attacked

0 of 1

Which fact shows that Mohenjodaro was carefully planned?

1. Wheeled carts were pulled by animals

2. The workshops were made of mud bricks

3. Some houses were bigger than others

4. Nine streets divided the city into blocks

0 of 1

Look at the image. How was it used?

1. For bathing2. For cooking3. For making wine4. For grinding grain

0 of 1

Mohenjodaro was different from other settlements because it had

1. Walls around it2. Roads3. Brick homes4. Sewer system

0 of 1

Some artifacts found inMohenjodaro include scales, weights, measuring rods, and games.The Ancient Indiansdeveloped a system of measurement.They also played a war game that may have been the firstchess game!

The discovery of the scale, stone weights, and marking rod suggests that the people of mohenjodaro had

0 of 30

1. A system of measurement

2. A way to make tools3. Something to trade4. math

A war game played in Ancient India is thought to be an early form of

0 of 30

1. Chess2. Hockey3. Dominoes4. basketball

Hinduism

• The oldest world religion• Started in India

In Hinduism, the Vedas are

0 of 30

1. A collection of sacred texts

2. A group of people3. Important gods4. Temples of worship

People in India studied Sanskrit

0 of 30

1. To read road signs2. To read the ancient

texts3. To rule the people4. To talk to the people

Hinduism

• Hindus believe that they have a responsibility to lead a good life by following a set of rules. This is known as dharma.

• These rules are found in the Vedas.

⬜Vedas or “Books of Knowledge” are a collection of sacred texts. They contain the stories and legends from centuries before that had been written down in Sanskrit. ⬜Sanskrit: an ancient

Indian language that was difficult to translate

Hinduism

The Caste system

• Hindus believed that a well developed society was divided into different social classes or castes.– Brahmins: priests and religious leaders– Kshatriya: rulers and warriors– Vaishyas: herders and merchants– Shudras: servants, farmers, and laborers

Ancient Indian Social System (Caste)

◻Indians were born into a particular caste and had no way of changing it.◻They could only marry and do

jobs within their caste.◻The lowest class of all is the

untouchables. These people collected garbage and handled dead animals. They had to live in their own village and could not enter temples or schools because they were “dirty”.

In the caste system, people were placed into a certain social class by

0 of 30

1. Skill2. Birth3. Wealth4. education

Which job was a Shudra most likely to do?

1. Herd sheep2. Plow a field3. Interpret the law4. Hold a government

post

0 of 30

Why did the untouchables live in separate communities?

0 of 30

1. They wanted to stay pure

2. They shared all their goods

3. They had to eat a special diet

4. They were considered unclean

Brahman

• The supreme god of the Hindu religion is Brahman.

• He is believed to live forever, whereas everything else changes.

• Indians believe that life happens in circles (days, seasons, life) because Brahman is constantly creating, destroying, and re-creating.

Three forms of Brahman that are important to Indians are1. Brahma – creates the universe2. Vishnu – preserves the universe3. Shiva – destroys the universe

The idea that a person is reborn in a new body after he dies is called

1. Dharma2. Karma3. Reincarnation4. atman

0 of 30

What is dharma?

1. The set of rules that Hindus must live by

2. Life after death3. A Hindu god4. A food

0 of 30

• Ancient Indians believe that atman (their soul) is a part of Brahman, connecting them to him. They also believe that all other gods are different forms of him.

• Hindus worship in temples. They are often big, beautiful, and face east.

Which animal became a symbol for the Hindu respect for life?

1. Lion2. Cow3. Camel4. elephant

0 of 30

• Hindus believe that all living creatures have a soul. The cow is a symbol of life and they do not kill them.

• Karma is the belief that evil done in past life will affect your next life.

• When a person dies, it is believed that the soul is reborn in a new body. This is called reincarnation.

• The type of body depends on karma - the good and bad a person has done in his/her life.

Who is the supreme god in Hinduism?

0 of 30

1. Brahman2. Brahma3. Vishnu4. Shiva

The festival of Divali, which begins the Hindu New Year, celebrates

1. The changing of seasons

2. The victory of good over evil

3. The food from a good harvest

4. The long life of the wise elders

0 of 30

Divali

• Divali is the Hindu New Year. Oil lamps are set out at night to symbolize good (light) winning over evil (darkness).