india - european commissionindia – carbon imports (approx) commodity import, mmt/yr % c imported...
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India – Carbon Imports (approx) Commodity Import, MMT/yr % C Imported C, MMT/yr
Crude Oil 220 85% 190
Coal 200 75% 150
Natural Gas 15 77% 11.6
Demand Side Response
• Reduce energy requirement (enhance efficiency)
• Reduce carbon requirement (non-carbon energy e.g.
solar, wind, geothermal)
Supply Side Response
Find about 350 MMT of domestic carbon (on current
basis) to replace our fuel carbon imports
Need energy security solutions that ALSO reduce GHG Emissions
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Domestic Carbon Sources (estimates)
• India – Second most populous nation ~18% of World population
• Population growth and rapid urbanization drive increased MSW
• Sewage and wet wastes offer a rich potential source of bio-gas
• Land limitations in India constrain availability of landfill space and supply-demand economics of urban land planning
Commodity Scope, MMT/yr % C, approx Potential C, MT/yr
Agri-residue (surplus) 120 40% 48
Forest residue 150 42% 63
Bio-gas excl. landfill 800 45% 360
MSW 40 25% 10
UCO 5 85% 4
485 MMT of carbon excluding Landfill / Industrial emissions
All the carbon we need is available within our borders
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A BASKET OF POSSIBILITIES INCUMBENT REPLACEMENT TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES
Diesel Biodiesel, Green Diesel, Bio-based alcohols and Ethers
Esterification, Hydroprocessing, Fermentation, Syngas-derived
Scalable Feedstock Supply
Gasoline Bio-based alcohols and ethers, green gasoline
F-T, Fermentation, Alcohol-to-gasoline, Hydroprocessing, Pyrolysis/FCC, Catalytic Pyrolysis Bio-coking
Handling and blending infrastructure, feedstock variation
Aviation Fuel Drop-in Bio-jet Hydroprocessing, Sugar conversion, alcohol-to-jet, F-T
Scalable Feedstock Supply
CNG / PNG Bio-CNG/Bio-PNG, HCNG, Bio-H2
Fermentation Purification, Supply chains
Low-sulfur Bunker Fuel
Green heavy distillate, biomass-derived oils
Hydroprocessing, Pyrolysis/FCC, HTL, MSW-thermochemical processing
Economic value relative to alternatives
A: Centralized, leverage existing hydrocarbon supply chain infrastructure B: New Hub-and-Spoke Distributed-and-Decentralized Models
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CSIR-IIP Offerings
Supply Side Solutions
• Bio-jet Fuel and Green Diesel / HVO
• Used Cooking Oil to community-level biodiesel
• Waste Plastic to Transport-Grade Diesel
• Bio-gas to Piped Natural Gas
Demand-side Solutions
• PNG Burners for City Gas Distribution
• Energy-efficient Jaggery Production (Gur Bhatti)
• Retrofit of end-of-life IC Engine vehicles
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First Developing Country to Fly First Biofuels Flight with Indigenous Fuel
Military Flights Antonov-32 Indian Air Force Republic Day Parade 26 January 2019
Civilian Flight Bombardier Q400 Operated by SpiceJet Dehradun-Delhi 27 August 2018
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Process for Bio-Jet Fuel
Biomass Derived oil
Deoxygenation / Isomerization Light Gases
Diesel Acid Gas
Removal
Vegetable
Oil
Reactor
Separator
H20
CO2
+ Gas Oil
Make up
Hydrogen
Propane &
Light Ends
Naptha or Jet
Diesel Product
Deoxygenation / Selective Cracking / Isomerization
CSIR-IIP Pilot Plant
Capacity: 20 L Bio-jet product/day.
Meets all the Major Specifications for Aviation Fuel as per ASTM D1655, and all parameters of !S:1571 except “petroleum origin” clause
Light Gases
Naphtha
Bio-Jet Fuel
Diesel
Single-reactor catalyst system; tunable aromatics
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Scalable Supply Chain for Lipid Feedstocks
Supply Chains are more challenging than Technology Development
Tree Borne Oils > 1 MMT
Rotation Crops > 5 MMT
Used Cooking Oil > 2 MMT
Biomass-derived lipids - ??
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Ambient catalytic conditions
No heating or mechanical stirring
After separation of glycerine, FAME biodiesel purified by water wash/distillation.
Especially suitable for small scale distributed operations
Can be used as distributed sourcing for bio-jet/HVO plants
“Drop and drive” rural community model enabled
CSIR- IIP Room Temperature Biodiesel Process
School-level UCO collections to supplement national RUCO initiative
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Diesel (850 ml) + LPG
Gasoline (700 ml) + LPG
Petrochemicals (500 ml) (Benzene,Tolune, Xylenes) + LPG
1 Kg waste (PE+PP)
CSIR-IIP- GAIL Technology
Waste polyolefins to fuel and aromatics
• Exclusive production of either gasoline or diesel or aromatics alongwith LPG from polyolefinic wastes (e.g. HDPE, LDPE, PP etc)
• Liquid fuel meeting Euro IV/VI specifications., Aromatics rich in BTX
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Properties Indian Diesel BS-IV Specifications
Diesel from waste plastics
Density @ 15°C, Kg/m3
820-845 821
Distillation 95 % vol at °C, max
360 350
Cetane index 46 52
Cetane number 51 61
Viscosity @ 40°C, cst 2.0 – 4.5 2.2
PAH, max; % mass 11 6
Pour Point, °C (Sum:12/win:3) +3
CFPP, °C (Sum:18/win:6) +6
Flash point, °C 35 >70
Diesel from waste polyolefins
1 metric ton per day plant due to be
commissioned by end-March 2019, 800L
diesel target output
Plant will deploy ~5% of collectible polyolefin waste of Dehradun city
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Production of high purity CH4 with purity and recovery >90 mol%
Simpler VSA cycle based on low cost commercial adsorbent
Low energy required, high productivity
Product biogas suitable for
Combined heat and power generation
Transportation fuel
Industrial and domestic usage
Suitable for rural and urban application
Alignment to National Missions
Pressure/Vacuum Swing Adsorption (PVSA) Process for Biogas Up-gradation to CNG/PNG
Highlights
50
60
70
80
90
100
40 50 60
CH
4 P
uri
ty (
mo
le%
)
Adsorption time as % of CO2 Breakthrough Time
CH4 Purity in Adsorption Product
CMS-3K
Z10-04
K-Z10-04
Na-USY
Demonstration Plant to make Bio-PNG from Raw Biogas of 500 Nm3/Day now operational at Katraj Municipal Dump, Pune
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Development of Improved PNG Burner
-
Project Outcome:
Improved PNG burners of four different output capacity designed
Prototype PNG burners fabricated and experimentally evaluated
Overall 15% improvement in thermal efficiency observed
A standard facility for the evaluation of PNG burners established
Evaluation procedure designed to help BIS to formulate Indian standard on PNG burners
PNG Burner
PNG Burner Evaluation Facility
(Sponsored by PCRA)
– Modifying LPG burner by increasing supply gas
injector holes reduces the thermal efficiency of
the burner
– Interchangeability between LPG and PNG is
poor as “Flame Lift” phenomena is observed
– Changing supply pressure affects the flame
characteristics in self aerated burners
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- Multi-pan Gur Bhatti for UP and Uttarakhand states (over 50 installations)
- Nearly 23% increase in daily Gur production (and product quality)
- At least 12% savings in fuel consumption
- Reduction in emissions (smoke)
Development & Popularization of Improved
Jaggery Unit
CSIR-IIP improved Gur bhatti installed near Meerut, U.P. Hon’ble CM U’khand Sh. T.S. Rawat inaugurates 40th unit
Enormous scope for improvement in rural energy efficiencies
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• Development/Selection and System Integration of Electric Powertrain Sub-systems
• Rigorous component testing
• Real-World Performance Testing Pre- and Post-Conversion
Post-conversion EV Performance Test
Pre-conversion IC Vehicle Performance Test
Retrofit Kit for conversion of IC Engine Vehicles into EVs
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CONCLUSION
• The Indian Energy Scenario can be effectively addressed by a strategy that combines
– demand management with
– domestic carbon resource deployment
• Demonstration sites and mobile units to establish operating parameters and optimize outcomes
• Training for entrepreneurs and workforce
• Partners required at every step of the value chain
We can reduce fuel imports and emissions at the same time
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Thank you