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Abraham, Gerald, 513access issues, 356–63Adam, Adolphe, 81, 82, 110, 576

Giselle, 166, 418Le postillion de Longjumeau, 110

Adler, Guido, 5, 20, 328Adorno, Theodor W.

on Kierkegaard, 325on music, 6, 7, 9, 25, 50, 308, 336and Max Weber, 23

Aeolian Ladies’ Orchestra, 362aesthetics, 29–54, 183, 320–5, 328–41

church music and, 524–5of the secret, 437see also expression

a◊ect theory, 30, 37, 322Ahna, Pauline de, 484Aiblinger, J. K., 529Albani, Emma, 353Albéniz, Isaac, 595Albert, Eugen d’, 381, 386, 407Albrechtsberger, Johann Georg, 16, 131Alkan (Charles Henri Valentin Morange),

193, 194, 195–6, 512Allais, Alphonse, 555Allegri, Gregorio, 225, 529Allmers, Hermann, 465Altenburg, Detlef, 298, 300Altmann, W., 505Ambros, A. W., 430Amenda, Karl, 133, 136–7American Revolution, 218, 568Anderson, Benedict, 570Annales group, 18anti-Semitism, 109, 372, 586Apel, Johann August, 228Aristotle, 31Arne, Thomas, 247Arnim, Ludwig Achim von, 244Arnold, Matthew, 558arrangements, 75, 78, 79, 240, 511–12,

542

Artaria, 250, 548Attwood, Thomas, 224Auber, Daniel-François-Esprit, 78, 110, 374,

576Verdi and, 380Le domino noir, 110Fra Diavolo, 110Manon Lescaut, 411La muette de Portici, 107, 108, 167

audience, 184, 186–7, 279, 364, 367–8autonomy, project of, 9, 11–12avant-gardism, 278, 287–8, 289, 290–3,

308–9, 314–15Azeglio, Massimo d’, 582

Bach, Johann SebastianBeethoven and, 124Brahms and, 270, 533, 534Busoni and, 583Gounod and, 165Leipzig and, 225Liszt and, 540Mendelssohn and, 180, 227, 229, 230–2,

275‘organ movement’ and, 540performances of music by, 61, 180, 216,

223, 230–3publications of music by, 79, 216, 355reception history and views of, 10, 14,

147, 187, 214, 217, 269, 274, 275–7,529, 585; ‘revival’ of, 154, 223–4,230–3, 525

Reger and, 540Schumann and, 187, 538, 540Widor and, 541Mass in B minor, 154St Matthew Passion, 232–3

Baermann, Heinrich, 68Bailey, Robert, 453Baillot, Pierre, 74, 80, 82Baini, Giuseppe, 277, 532Bakunin, Mikhail, 311

[747]

Index

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Balakirev, Mily Alekseyevich, 402, 404, 442,592, 593

Balart, Gabriel, 594ballads, 562Ballanche, Pierre Simon, 294, 295, 296Balthazar, Scott L., 96Balzac, Honoré de, 282Bankl, Hans, 132Barbier, Jean-Paul, 406Barnum, P. T., 70Barrault, Emile, 294Bartók, Béla, 402, 590, 618Batteux, Charles, 193Baudelaire, Charles Pierre, 293, 326–7

Duparc and, 493settings of, 491, 493, 494, 496and Wagner, 289–90, 322, 326–7, 417,

489Bauer, Henry, 557Baumann, Friedrich, 69Baumgarten, Alexander, 31–2Bayreuth, 354, 419, 577–8, 587Becker, 76Beckerman, Michael, 444Beethoven, Johann van, 124Beethoven, Karl van, 142Beethoven, Ludwig van, 57, 78, 118–48, 278

and audience, 184and Cherubini, 97commemorative festivals, 63diary, 140and form, 205–6, 450and Handel, 275and Haydn, 123, 130–2, 136Hegel and, 42–3Heiligenstadt Testament, 133, 136E. T. A. Ho◊mann and, see under

Ho◊mannand Kant, 233Liszt and, 171, 311–12Mendelssohn and, 166, 170, 171, 175,

180, 181, 202–3, 428and Mozart, 97performances of music by, 60, 74, 134–5,

179, 180, 217, 349–50as performer, 67, 126–30, 134–5, 136,

145periodisation of works, 136, 141reception history and views of, 10, 12,

118–23, 138–48, 151–3, 240, 263–4,267, 270–3, 329, 424

and religion, 154, 233–4and Romanticism, 19, 20, 140, 242Schlegel and, 34

Schubert and, 188, 201Schumann and, 169–70, 206and Spontini, 97stylistic extremes, 241and tradition, 26, 179–80, 185–6, 201–3,

271–3, 348, 349, 437Wagner and, 72, 270, 311–12Weber and, 194‘Adelaide’, 135, 136An die ferne Geliebte, 140, 159, 206, 462Bagatelles, 166, 168Contredanses, 135Coriolan overture, 139, 170–1, 431Egmont music, 120, 156, 170, 349Fidelio/Leonore, 70, 88, 92, 97, 98, 120,

139, 141, 181folk song accompaniments, 156, 244, 247Die Geschöpfe des Prometheus, 135, 166Grosse Fuge, 141Missa Solemnis, 154–5Piano Concerto No. 1, 134, 135Piano Concerto No. 3, 137Piano Concerto No. 4, 135Piano Concerto No. 5 (‘Emperor’), 194,

195Piano Sonata Op. 13 (Pathétique), 120, 137Piano Sonata Op. 27 (‘Moonlight’), 128Piano Sonata Op. 28, 135, 140Piano Sonata Op. 53 (‘Waldstein’), 139Piano Sonata Op. 57 (Appassionata), 120,

139, 448Piano Sonata Op. 90, 140Piano Sonata Op. 101, 141, 205–6Piano Sonata Op. 106 (‘Hammerklavier’),

141Piano Sonata Op. 109, 141, 205–6Piano Sonata Op. 110, 141, 205–6Piano Sonata Op. 111, 141, 205–6Piano Trios Op. 1, 136, 137Piano Trios Op. 70, 49Piano Trio Op. 97 (‘Archduke’), 135Redoutensaal Dances, 253Rondo in C major, 78Septet, 134, 201String Quartets Op. 18, 136–7String Quartets Op. 59, 139, 180String Quartet Op. 74 (‘Harp’), 140String Quartet Op. 95, 166String Quartet Op. 127, 141String Quartet Op. 130, 141, 241String Quartet Op. 131, 141, 142, 202,

241String Quartet Op. 132, 141–2String Quartet Op. 135, 141, 142

748 Index






Symphony No. 1, 134, 349Symphony No. 3 (‘Eroica’), 43, 120, 126,

135, 136, 138, 179, 191–2, 437Symphony No. 5, 49, 120, 138–40, 146,

179, 205Symphony No. 6 (Pastoral), 139–40, 170,

179, 430, 438Symphony No. 7, 192, 430Symphony No. 8, 448Symphony No. 9, 120, 141, 153, 155, 205,

218, 267, 426, 448, 450; Berlioz and, 171; Brahms and, 436; Brucknerand, 438; Liszt and, 171, 175; Mendelssohn and, 171, 180, 428;Nietzsche and, 50; Wagner and, 72

Triple Concerto, 167Variations in E flat Op. 35, 135Violin Sonatas Op. 30, 137Violin Sonata Op. 96, 140Wellingtons Sieg (‘Battle Symphony’), 141,

179Beethoven, Ludwig van (grandfather), 124Belgrade, 580Beller-McKenna, Daniel, 534Bellini, Vincenzo, 90, 91, 99, 105, 110–11,

114and folk music, 246Liszt and, 175Verdi and, 112, 375–6Beatrice di Tenda, 111Norma, 88, 111, 240Il pirata, 110I puritani, 111La straniera, 110, 111

Benjamin, Walter, 59Bennett, William Sterndale, 66Bépoix, Henriette, 560Béranger, Pierre Jean de, 467, 470, 486, 555,

562Bergeron, Katherine, 525, 527Bériot, Charles-Auguste de, 68Berlin, 64, 73, 178–9, 577, 578–9

Liedertafel, 216Royal Opera, 353Singakademie, 61, 70, 216, 223, 277, 528

Berlioz, Hector, 66, 110, 154, 170, 172–5,264, 329, 525, 594

and avant-gardism, 291and Beethoven, 152education, 16, 154elitism, 356and Gluck, 354journalism, 66, 81, 90, 321Liszt and, 175, 299, 302, 306, 311, 432

and Macpherson, 243and Méhul, 94–5and New German School, 309–10and opera, 176, 576orchestration, 74, 163, 165Schumann and, 426self-borrowings, 172and song, 156, 163–4, 166and J. Strauss (I), 255Tchaikovsky and, 456Wagner and, 311and Weber, 110, 152Béatrice et Bénédict, 381Benvenuto Cellini, 110, 310Cléopatre, 164–5La damnation de Faust, 110, 174–5, 234Grande messe des morts, 154, 155, 173Harold en Italie, 167, 172, 173Huit scènes de Faust, 157, 163Lélio/Le retour à la vie, 165, 170Neuf mélodies irlandaises, 163Les nuits d’été, 164, 488, 494Requiem, 530Rob Roy overture, 172, 173Roméo et Juliette, 171, 172, 173–4Symphonie fantastique, 162, 167, 170, 171,

172–3, 175Symphonie funèbre et triomphale, 172Te Deum, 154Les Troyens, 393, 395

Bernhard, Elizabeth von, 134Bernstein, Michel André, 91Bertin, Armand, 249Berton, H. M., 94Berwald, Franz, 171, 204–5, 597Best, W. T., 542Biedermeier, 224–5, 575Bierbaum, Otto Julius, 482Billings, William, 218Billington, Elizabeth, 69Billroth, Theodor, 574Birnbach, Heinrich, 425Bishop, Henry, 240, 244, 247

‘Home, Sweet Home’, 562, 564Bismarck, Otto von, 528, 571–2Bizet, Georges, 110, 407, 489, 596

Carmen, 381, 395, 408, 410, 412La jolie fille de Perth, 576Mireille, 408, 409Les pêcheurs de perles, 408, 409, 576

Blake, William, 282Blanchard, Henri, 81Bland, James, 553Blasuis, Leslie David, 16

Index 749






Blémont, Emile, 561Bloch, Ernst, 50, 325Bloom, Harold, 3–4Bloom, Peter, 164Blume, Friedrich, 20Boccherini, Luigi, 74Bochsa, Nicolas, 71Bodenstedt, Friedrich von, 465, 470Boëly, A.-P.-F., 525, 540–1Bohrer Anton, 74Boher, Max, 74Boïeldieu, François-Adrien, 78, 82, 102Boisserée, Melchior, 584Boisserée, Sulphis, 584Boissier, Valérie, 83Boito, Arrigo, 394, 415Bonaparte, Jérôme, 135Bonaparte, Napoleon, see Napoleon IBonds, Mark Evan, 297Boosey, 79Borchmeyer, Dieter, 313Bordes, Charles, 581Borodin, Aleksander, 442, 455, 509–10, 592,

593Prince Igor, 394, 402–3, 404

Bortnyansky, Dmitry Stepanovich, 153–4,226

Bossler, Heinrich Philipp, 126Boston

Handel and Haydn Society, 218Peace Jubilee concerts, 365

Boston Academy of Music, 84Boston Symphony Orchestra, 346, 349–50,

357Botstein, Leon, 220Boulez, Pierre, 607Bourdieu, Pierre, 545, 563Bourgault-Ducoudray, Louis-Albert, 581Bourges, Maurice, 81Bourget, Paul, 495Braham, David, 555Braham, John, 69Brahms, Johannes, 21, 439, 455, 500–1, 503,

505–8, 512, 574and Bach, 270, 534and Beethoven, 273, 602as choral conductor, 364, 533–4, 578and counterpoint, 534and folk song, 466–7, 479, 534and Liszt, 602Schoenberg and, 463–4, 511, 519, 613,

615and Schubert, 273, 465, 466and Clara Schumann, 534, 539

and Robert Schumann, 534R. Strauss and, 603and Wagner, 500–1, 602Wolf and, 464Academic Festival Overture, 446choral music, 524, 533Geistliches Lied, 539German Requiem, 535, 574organ works, 539Piano Quartet Op. 25, 511, 512Piano Quintet/Sonata for Two Pianos Op.

34, 503–4, 505, 506Quintet for Clarinet and Strings, 505songs, 462–7; compositional process, 465symphonies, 172, 435, 436–7, 448, 452,

455Symphony No. 1, 428, 436, 443, 451, 452Symphony No. 2, 438, 452Symphony No. 3, 452, 453Tragic Overture, 446Variations on a Theme by Paganini, 507, 512Variations on a Theme of Schumann, 507Vier ernste Gesänge, 463–4Violin Sonata No. 1, 506‘Warum ist das Licht gegeben dem

Mühseligen?’, 534–5Brandt, Georg Friedrich, 69Brantlinger, Patrick, 281brass bands, 257, 365, 366, 558–9Bratislava, 580Braudel, Ferdinand, 18, 25Breitkopf & Härtel, 78, 79, 81Brendel, Franz, 290, 291, 300–2, 309, 314,

432, 577and Beethoven, 147, 267and Berlioz, 310and Liszt, 294, 300–2, 309, 432, 577and Wagner, 309, 312

Brentano, Antonie, 140Brentano, Clemens, 244, 250, 465, 482Brentano von Arnim, Bettina, 118–20, 122,

128, 140Bréton, Tomás, 594Britain, 591–2Brno, 580Broadwood, 76, 77Brodbeck, David, 539Brown, Clive, 70Brown, Marilyn Ruth, 300Bruant, Aristide, 550, 556Bruch, Max, 428, 429, 436, 455, 578Bruckner, Anton, 21, 273, 351, 429, 437–9,

451, 455, 524, 574and the organ, 537

750 Index






and Wagner, 438, 574church music, 154, 277–8, 535–7symphonies, 454, 536, 537Symphony No. 4 (‘Romantic’), 437, 438,

445Symphony No. 5, 536Symphony No. 7, 437Symphony No. 8, 536–7

Bruneau, Alfred, 407, 408Bucharest, 580, 595Budapest, 579, 580Budden, Julian, 377Bülow, Hans von, 314, 349Bungert, August, 398Bunting, Edward, 243, 244Bureau de Musique, 79Bürger, Peter, 11, 291, 315Burnand, Francis Cowley, 383Burney, Charles, 84, 247Burnham, Scott, 138, 139–40, 142Burns, Robert, 156, 161, 243, 244Burrows, Donald, 523Busoni, Ferruccio, 269–70, 314–15, 349,

578, 583–4, 619Busse, Carl, 482Butler, Christopher, 516Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 161, 255,

304, 306, 443

cabaletta, 96cabaret, 358–9, 550, 555–7Cadeaux, Justin, 347cafés-concerts, 552, 560, 561Calinescu, Matei, 288, 291, 292, 293, 308,

314Cammarano, Salvadore, 377canon, see under repertoryCarew, Derek, 179Carner, Mosco, 606Carpani, G., 181Carvalho, Léon, 354, 408, 410Cascardi, Anthony, 37Casella, Alfredo, 584Castil-Blaze (F. H. J. Blaze), 81, 90Castro y Bellvís, Guillén de, 397Catalani, Alfredo, 415Catalani, Angelica, 69Catel, Charles-Simon, 16Caudella, Eduard, 596Cavaillé-Coll, Aristide, 541cavatina, 100Cavour, Camillo Benso di, 87, 582Cecilian movement, 529–30, 535–6Cervantes, Miguel de, 477

Chabanon, Michel-Paul-Guy de, 31, 496Chabrier, Emmanuel, 381, 408, 416–17Chadwick, George, 357Challier, Ernst, 460Challoner, Neville Butler, 279Chamisso, Adalbert von, 160, 481Chanot, François, 77Chantavoine, Jean, 293–4Chapí, Ruperto, 594Chappell, 76, 77, 78, 545Charlton, David, 408Charpentier, Gustave, 407, 493Chateaubriand, François René, Vicomte de,

173, 292, 525Chatterton, Thomas, 243Chausson, Ernest, 416–17, 440, 446, 489

Le roi Arthus, 408, 417, 418–19Chernïshevsky, Nikolai, 403, 405Cherubini, Luigi, 60, 74, 94, 96, 154, 217,

525Beethoven and, 97Chopin and, 276and Paris Conservatoire, 66, 72, 82Schumann and, 276Les deux journées, 94, 97, 114, 116Lodoïska, 94Médée, 94

Chevalier, Albert, 547Chile, 88China, 344chiroplast, 77choirs and choral singing, 70, 75–6, 215–21,

235, 256–7, 363, 365–6, 523–4, 578Chopin, Fryderyk, 21, 76–7, 246, 270, 508

and audience, 184and Bach, 276and Beethoven, 274chromaticism, 196and dance forms, 167–8, 241, 575, 589,

590Debussy and, 582education, 16Fauré and, 508and form, 196, 210–11, 508and Handel, 275and Mozart, 274, 276as performer, 67, 274and Poland, 589, 590and publishers, 78reception of, 10, 272Schumann and, 169, 184, 187Scriabin and, 615as teacher, 67, 83Ballades, 170, 210–11

Index 751






Chopin, Fryderyk (cont.)Etude Op. 10 No. 3, 196Fantaisie Op. 49, 196Nocturne Op. 9 No. 1, 168Nocturne Op. 32 No. 1, 168Nocturne Op. 37 No. 1, 168Piano Concerto No. 1, 71, 193, 195Piano Concerto No. 2, 74, 193, 195Piano Sonata No. 1, 514Polonaise Op. 40 No. 2, 196Polonaise-Fantaisie, 168, 196Preludes Op. 28, 168

Chorley, Henry, 80Choron, Alexandre, 84, 223, 277, 525Christensen, T., 511–12, 519Christiania, 597Chrysander, Friedrich, 328church music, 524–30, 531–2Cilea, Francesco, 387, 415, 416Cimarosa, Domenico, 93Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, 358Clare, John, 242class, 57–9, 221, 237–9, 262, 544–51, 561–3

and musical elitism, 356, 363–8, 545,547–54, 558–61, 563–5

and musical taste, 545musicians and, 57, 362–3, 560

Classicism, 20, 24, 25, 26, 151opera and, 25, 91

Clavé, Anselmo, 523Clément, Jean-Baptiste, 562Clementi, Muzio, 76, 79, 127

Czerny and, 145Mozart and, 169The Black Joke, 246

Clifton, Harry, 562Cohen-Lînaru, Mauriciu, 596Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 22Cologne Cathedral, 585composer-centredness, 263composers

aims, 183–4and markets, 240–1professional position and status, 65–6, 88training, 226–7, 357, 592ways of working, 465, 482–3

concert halls, 235, 348–9, 368concertos, 193–6concerts, 58–62, 63–4, 74, 76, 125–6,

178–80access to, 356–7and religion, 235, 368, 529subscription, 356, 364timing, 345–7

see also concert halls and programmingconductors and conducting, 71–2, 362Cone, Edward T., 158, 165Connell, Jim, 562conservatoires, 16, 82–3, 219, 220, 276, 360Cook, Will Marion, 553Cooper, Martin, 132Copenhagen, 597Coppé, François, 493copyright, 78, 547Corder, Frederick, 360Corneille, Pierre, 397Cornelius, Peter, 300, 310, 314, 460

Der Barbier von Bagdad, 310, 381Der Cid, 397

Cornwall, 61, 63, 73, 280–1Costa, Michael, 72Couperin, François, 582Cousin, Victor, 296Cramer, Johann Baptist, 76, 79, 145, 247criticism, 80–2, 89–90‘Crow, Jim’, 552Cruikshank, George, 244Cui, César, 402, 406cultural identity, see national identity and

nationalismCurtis, George William, 357, 358Czerny, Carl, 241, 273, 512

and Beethoven, 128, 130, 144–5, 146and music theory, 182, 196, 201, 211tutor for improvisation, 80

Dahlhaus, Carl, 23, 37, 75, 216, 329on avant-gardism, 287–8, 291, 297, 301on Beethoven, 120–1, 138, 152on Beethoven–Rossini polarisation, 98,

240on Brahms, 535on Bruckner, 536on chamber music, 511on choral music, 522, 524on church music and aesthetics, 525on concerts and religion, 235on expression, 331on genre and categorisation, 6, 228, 408on Herder, 571on historical phases, 12, 21, 92, 302, 454on Liszt, 301, 307–8, 314, 434on Mendelssohn, 227, 228, 229on Modernism, 456–7on O◊enbach, 383on opera subjects, 396on Palestrina, 528on religion, 235, 530

752 Index






on restoration and continuity, 221, 222,224

on ‘trivial music’, 563–4on Wagner, 312, 313, 327, 389, 434

Dahn, Felix, 482Damrosch, Leopold, 358dance, 166, 167, 251–6, 558

‘natural’, 401, 402Dante Alighieri, 306, 307Dargomïzhsky, Alexander, 401, 406, 592Darwin, Charles, 52, 328Daubrun, Marie, 493Daudet, Alphonse, 415Daverio, John, 160, 169, 336, 452David, Félicien, 294

Herculanum, 393, 395La perle du Brésil, 393, 395

David, Ferdinand, 83Davidov, Karl, 350Davidson, 548Davison, J. W., 80Day, Aidan, 186, 187Dean, Dora, 553Deaville, James, 79Debussy, Claude, 338, 339, 456, 461, 497,

524, 607–9, 611and Bach, 277and Dukas, 608–9and Franck, 508and Hahn, 497and Musorgsky, 607Stravinsky and, 617and Wagner, 417, 419, 582, 607–8word-setting, 487, 490, 491, 492, 495–6La chute de la maison Usher, 609La damoiselle élue, 320Etudes, 512, 517L’isle joyeuse, 514–18Jeux, 608La mer, 447Nocturnes, 447, 607Pelléas et Mélisande, 419, 607, 608Prélude à ‘L’après-midi d’un faune’, 446,

607, 608Preludes, 608songs, 495–6

Degas, Edgar, 562Degeyter, Pierre, 562Dehmel, Richard, 482, 517, 518Delacroix, Eugène, 19, 172Deldevez, Ernest, 350Delibes, Léo

Lakmé, 395, 409Delius, Frederick, 357

DeNora, Tia, 125, 129, 131, 132Derrida, Jacques, 308Deschamps, Emile, 174Diabelli, Antonio, 198, 548Diederichs, 76Ditson, Oliver, 548Dobrzynski, Ignacy Feliks, 74, 78Döhring, S., 393, 408, 409Doles, Johann Friedrich, 225Dömling, Wolfgang, 307Donizetti, Gaetano, 90, 91, 96, 99, 105,

111–12, 114Busoni and, 583and Rossini, 111Sullivan and, 385Verdi and, 112, 376Anna Bolena, 111Don Pasquale, 112La favorite, 107La fille du régiment, 110Linda di Chamounix, 112Lucia di Lammermoor, 88, 111Lucrezia Borgia, 111Maria di Rohan, 112Maria Stuarda, 111Parisina, 111Roberto Devereux, 111

Drabkin, William, 154Draeseke, Felix, 419Dragonetti, Domenico, 73drame lyrique, 408–9, 576Dresden, 577Dresser, Paul, 548Dreyfus, Lawrence, 269Droysen, Johann Gustav, 231, 232Dubos, Jean-Baptiste, 30Dubrow, Heather, 7Duchambge, Pauline, 485Duesberg Quartet, 364Dujardin, Edouard, 416–17Dukas, Paul, 440, 446, 608–9, 617Dumas, Alexandre, fils, 374, 497Dunhill, Thomas, 506Duparc, Henri, 492–3, 494Duprez, Gilbert-Louis, 69Dussek, Frantisek Xaver, 590Dussek, Jan Ladislav, 67, 79, 145Duvernoy, Frédéric, 68–9, 82Dvorák, Antonín, 429, 437, 441, 455, 461,

508–9, 524, 588, 590and Brahms, 508–9, 590and folk music, 444, 602and Wagner, 508Cello Concerto, 506

Index 753






Dvorák, Antonín (cont.)operas, 400, 508String Quartet Op. 96, 506Symphony No. 5, 438Symphony No. 8, 438, 442, 443, 509Symphony No. 9 (‘From the New

World’), 444, 506, 509

Ealy, George Thomas, 133‘Eastern Europe’, 587Ebers, C. F., 430Eccard, Johannes, 529, 533education, see music teachingEgbert, Donald, 293Eggebrecht, Hans Heinrich, 10, 122Ehrlich, Cyril, 56, 58, 64–5, 69, 71–2, 73,

84, 280, 546Eichendor◊, Joseph von, 156, 161, 464, 465,

474, 475, 480, 484eisteddfodau, 366Elen, Gus, 547Elgar, Edward, 437, 444, 456, 592, 618, 619

oratorios, 524Organ Sonata Op. 28, 542Symphony No. 1, 442Symphony No. 2, 437, 442

elitism, musical, see under classEllis, Katharine, 66, 67, 75, 81, 223, 264,

296Ellis, William Ashton, 331Elsner, Józef, 66, 78embellishment, see ornamentationempiricism, 32Enescu, George, 596Engels, Friedrich, 546Erard, 76, 77Erkel, Ferenc, 114, 588, 589

Hunyadi László, 114Esipova, Anna, 362essentialism, 18Ett, Caspar, 529expression, 22, 30, 37–8, 45, 152–3

and extra-musical reference, 171–6see also aesthetics, a◊ect theory, feeling

and language

Faccio, Franco, 415Falke, Gustav, 482Falla, Manuel de, 595Fallersleben, Ho◊mann von (August

Heinrich Ho◊mann), 309, 470, 481Fantel, Hans, 254Farrar, Geraldine, 420Fasch, Carl, 216

Fauré, Gabriel, 508, 524, 537, 582word-setting, 494–5Requiem, 535songs, 164, 494–5

Fauser, Annegret, 581–2feeling, 37, 38–9, 45, 46–7

see also expressionfestivals, 63, 72, 215–17, 219–20, 364–5,

366, 524Fétis, François-Joseph, 81, 84, 182, 264, 296

and Beethoven, 146and historical performance movement,

60, 223and Liszt, 296piano tutor, 80and tonality, 16, 513

Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas, 52Fibich, Zdenek, 400–1, 429, 441, 588, 590Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 22, 35, 52, 571Field, John, 76, 78, 167, 168, 193, 195–6Fish, Stanley, 9Flechtenmacher, Alexandru, 595–6Foerster, Josef Bohuslav, 407, 590folk music, 156, 241–8, 401–2, 403–4,

588–9Beethoven and, 156, 244, 247Bellini and, 246Brahms and, 466–7, 479, 534Dvorák and, 444, 602Haydn and, 156, 244Mahler and, 479and popular music, 545Sibelius and, 610–11see also ballads

Foote, Arthur, 357Forkel, Johann Nikolaus, 31, 79, 84,

213–14, 232, 235, 275form, 182–3, 198–211, 425–7, 447–54

in opera, 96, 99–100, 105–6, 108Romanticism and, 165, 166, 187, 191–6,

211Förster, Emanuel Aloys, 136, 137Forte, Allen, 612Foster, Stephen, 244–5, 552–3, 597–8Foucault, Michel, 7Fouqué, F. K. H. de la Motte, 250Fourier, Charles, 293, 300Franchetti, Alberto, 394Franck, César, 21, 416–18, 446, 455, 493,

507–8, 524, 541, 596and the organ, 537, 541Hulda, 417, 418Symphony, 440Trois chorales, 541

754 Index






Frankfurt, 577Frankfurt Hoch’sche Konservatorium, 361Franklin, Peter, 609Franz, Robert, 163French language, 164, 485–7, 488, 489–92,

494–7French Revolution, 57, 93, 218–19, 221–2,

568–9Friedrich, Caspar David, 19, 242Friedrich Wilhelm IV, 584Frisch, Walter, 436, 540Frith, Simon, 10Fux, Johann Joseph, 16, 226, 227, 528

Gabrieli, Giovanni, 533Gade, Niels, 83, 429, 441, 597Galeazzi, Francesco, 425Gallet, Louis, 396, 487Galli, Filippo, 69Gallmeyer, Josefine, 547Gallus, Jacob Handl, 533García, Manuel, 70Garcia, Maria, 564Garratt, James, 528, 529Garrick, David, 174Gatens, William, 215, 224, 225Gatti, G., 515Gautier, Théophile, 164, 166, 172, 282, 293,

487, 488, 493, 497Geck, Martin, 228, 231, 232, 233, 307–8Geibel, Emanuel, 477, 481Gellner, Ernest, 569, 570, 594Genast, Emilie, 470gender issues, 358, 359–62, 368, 443, 477

see also womengendering of music, 127–8, 130, 144–5, 147,

272, 275, 439, 448Genelli, Bonaventura, 309genius, see greatnessgenre, 6–7, 228Geo◊roy, Julien-Louis, 81, 223Gerber, Ernst Ludwig, 143Géricault, Théodore, 19Germany, 144, 146–7, 263, 264, 439–40,

571–2, 575, 577–9, 584–6Gilbert, William Schwenk, 377, 383, 546,

554, 564The Gondoliers, 560Iolanthe, 546, 549, 554, 560The Mikado, 557, 559–60Patience, 549Ruddigore, 384–5, 549

Gilm zu Rosenegg, Hermann von, 482, 483,484

Gilmore, Patrick S., 365Giner y Vidal, Salvador, 594Giordano, Umberto, 387, 415–16Glazunov, Alexander, 403, 438, 442, 456Glinka, Mikhail Ivanovich, 113–14, 329,

524, 592A Life for the Czar, 113–14Ruslan and Lyudmila, 114, 402

Glöggl, Franz, 128Glover, Sarah Anna, 84Gluck, Christoph Willibald von, 93, 99,

102, 175, 217, 354Berlioz and, 110, 354Liszt and, 311O◊enbach and, 554Spontini and, 95Weber and, 104Don Juan, 166

Godowsky, Leopold, 512Goehr, Lydia, 22–3, 24, 50, 54Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 151, 234,

243, 250, 460, 462, 465–6and Beethoven, 118, 119, 122on Classical and Romantic, 19–20on German architecture, 584Liszt and, 304, 306, 310Mahler and, 480settings of, 156–9, 161, 163, 164, 176,

465, 466, 467, 470, 471, 474, 481, 482,487–8; his views on, 156–7

on string quartets, 178Egmont, 170Faust, 163, 174, 234, 268, 410

Goethe Foundation project, 299, 309Goetz, Hermann, 381, 386Gogol, Nikolai, 405Goldmark, Karl, 429

Königin von Saba, 394, 395Rustic Wedding symphony, 430, 445

Gomes, Carlos Antonio Il Guarany, 394, 395, 398, 399

Goncourt, Edmond Louis Antoine, 412Goncourt, Jules Alfred, 412Gossec, François-Joseph, 82, 218–19Gottschalk, Louis Moreau, 512Goudeau, Emile, 555, 557Gounet, Thomas, 163Gounod, Charles, 363, 487, 524

Tchaikovsky and, 407word-setting, 489–90‘Ave Maria’, 165Faust, 408, 409–10, 576Mireille, 576Philémon et Baucis, 576

Index 755






Gounod, Charles, (cont.)La reine de Saba, 393Roméo et Juliette, 409, 576Sappho, 393

Grainger, Percy, 610Gramsci, Antonio, 545, 561Granados, Enrique, 595grand opera, 107–9, 371–4, 381, 394–400Grandval, Comtesse de, 363greatness, 22, 183, 201, 259–65, 278–9Gregorian chant, 525–7, 532Grieg, Edvard, 270, 442, 597, 602, 606Griepenkerl, Robert, 290Griesinger, G. A., 181Gri√ths, Paul, 262Grimm, Jakob Ludwig Karl, 244Grimm, Wilhelm Karl, 244Grisi, Giulia, 69Grossmann-Vendrey, Susanna, 227, 537–8Grout, Donald Jay, 501Guéranger, Prosper, 526, 531, 532Guhr, Carl, 80Guicciardi, Giulietta, 128–9, 134Guilbert, Yvette, 550, 556–7, 559Gung’l, Joseph, 555Gurney, Edmund, 328Gutzkow, Karl, 311Gye, Frederick, 353gypsies and gypsy music, 299–300, 588–9,

591Gyrowetz, Adalbert, 97

Habans, Jean-Paul (Paulus), 547Habeneck, François-Antoine, 60, 72, 73, 80,

263Habermas, Jürgen, 220Hahn, Reynaldo, 491, 497Haimo, Ethan, 614Halévy, Fromental, 294, 576

Le juif errant, 395La juive, 107, 396, 398

Halévy, Ludovic, 383, 384, 410Hallé, Charles, 249Haller, Michael, 530Hamann, Johann Georg, 32, 40Hamburg, 577Hamilton, Kenneth, 207Hamm, Charles, 245, 552Handel, George Frideric, 62, 214

Brahms and, 533collected edition, 355commemorative festivals, 63, 215–16,

365, 523Mendelssohn and, 180, 228, 229

reception history and views of, 60, 154,217, 221, 224, 274–5, 348, 365, 545

Sullivan and, 383Hanslick, Eduard

aesthetics, 45, 171, 322, 333–7, 435–6,518

and Brahms, 436, 505–6Bruckner and, 351and Liszt, 306, 432, 450and J. Strauss (II), 565and Wagner, 171, 477

Harms, 548Harney, Ben, 553Harrigan, Edward, 555Harris, Charles, 548Hart, Tony, 555Hartmann, Emil, 597Hassler, Hans Leo, 534Hauptmann, Moritz, 16Haussmann, Georges Eugène, Baron, 544Haweis, Hugh Reginald, 558Hawkins, John, 84Haydn, Joseph, 31, 78, 79, 97, 154, 453

and audience, 184Beethoven and, 123, 130–2, 134, 136,

137, 138, 142–3Ho◊mann and, 103, 143, 145, 146, 183reception history and views of, 60, 63, 74,

121, 142–3, 145, 151, 179, 180, 181,240, 350

dance music, 253folk song accompaniments, 156, 244oratorios, 217songs, 156string quartets, 189, 190, 452

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 16, 39, 41,200, 201, 242, 267, 272, 300

Hanslick and, 335Liszt and, 297, 300and music, 42–6, 48, 53, 231, 250, 303,

320, 323Saint-Simonianism and, 296and Schleiermacher, 46Schopenhauer and, 52, 53and tradition, 262Wagner and, 312, 388

hegemony, 545, 561Heidegger, Martin, 47Heine, Heinrich, 67, 460, 471, 472, 486, 513

and Liszt, 294Mahler and, 480and music, 108, 231, 249settings of, 160, 161, 462, 464, 465, 466,

467, 470, 471–4, 475, 479, 482, 488

756 Index






Heinse, Johann Jakob Wilhelm, 31Heller, Stephen, 512Hellmesberger, Joseph, 346Helmholtz, Hermann von, 336Helsinki, 597Henckell, Karl Friedrich, 482, 484Hensel, Fanny, 163, 249Henselt, Adolf, 279Henze-Döhring, S., 393, 408Hepokoski, James, 610Herder, Johann Gottfried von, 32, 33, 144,

234, 321, 571, 585, 587Liszt and, 306on music and soul, 243settings of, 157–8

Hermstedt, Simon, 68Hérold, Joseph-Ferdinand, 110Hervé (Florimond Ronger), 554Herz, Henri, 67Herzen, Alexander, 326Hesse, Hermann, 482Heugel, 81Heyse, Paul, 465, 477, 478Higginson, Henry Lee, 346, 357Hiller, Johann Adam, 193, 214, 216, 225historicism and historical performance

movement, 222–6, 275–6history

meaning and styles of, 3–19, 25–7periodisation, 12, 18–22, 24, 151

Hobsbawm, Eric, 21, 242, 327, 569Ho◊mann, August Heinrich (Ho◊mann von

Fallersleben), 309, 470, 481Ho◊mann, E. T. A., 39, 90, 151–2, 193, 200,

249, 321on Beethoven, 49, 103, 138–9, 143,

145–6, 151, 183, 201, 518on church music, 49, 50, 277on Haydn and Mozart, 103, 143, 145,

146, 183and Palestrina, 49, 528on Romanticism, 19–20, 103, 143and Schlegel, 49, 51Schumann and, 169on the Sistine choir, 225and symphonic self-su√ciency, 167, 171Undine, 103, 115

Ho◊mann, Heinrich, 386Ho◊meister, Franz Anton, 79Hofmannsthal, Hugo von, 328, 420Hofmeister, Friedrich, 79Holloway, Robin, 604, 605, 607–8Holmès, Augusta, 582Hölty, Ludwig, 465

Hook, James, 247Hopwood and Crew, 548Huebner, Steven, 417Hugo, Victor, 111, 112, 172, 310, 488, 494

operas based on, 111, 112, 374, 398settings of, 467, 470, 485, 487, 488, 491,

492, 494, 497Verdi and, 112, 380

Hull, Kenneth Ross, 437Hullah, John, 84, 559Hülsen, Botho van, 353Humboldt, Alexander von, 309Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 32Hume, David, 31Hummel, Johann Nepomuk, 67, 68, 78,

195–6, 241, 247Czerny and, 130, 145as performer, 130piano tutor, 80dance music, 253folk song accompaniments, 244

Humperdinck, Engelbert, 386, 419Hänsel und Gretel, 419–20Königskinder, 420

Hünten, Franz, 279Hussey, Dyneley, 109Hutcheson, Ernest, 510Huysmans, Joris-Karl, 318–19, 320, 337–8,

339–40Hydropathes, 555–6Hyers, Anna Madah, 553Hyers, Emma Louise, 553Hypsa, Vincent, 556

improvisation, 68, 80, 126–7Incohérents, 555–6individuation, 3–4, 22Indy, Vincent d’, 416–18, 419, 440, 525,

581Ingegneri, Marco Antonio, 528Ingres, Jean Auguste Dominique, 249institutions, 24–5, 60–1, 347, 367

practices and, 24–7instrument making, 76–7instrumentalists, 67–9, 72–5‘Internationale’, 562intertextuality, 3, 169–70, 199–201irony, 36, 51–2Isaac, Heinrich, 533Isambert, Maria, 360Iser, Wolfgang, 447Italy, 572, 582–4Itzig family, 250Ives, Charles, 597–8, 618, 619

Index 757






Jack, Sam, 553Jackson, Timothy L., 444Jadlowker, Hermann, 420Jaëll, Marie, 349Jahn, Otto, 134Janácek, Leos, 590, 618, 619Jean-Aubry, Georges, 515–16, 518Jesserer, Hans, 132Jews, 575, 586–7, 591Joachim, Joseph, 83, 364, 512, 534Johnson, Charles, 553Jókai, Maurus, 385Jones, David Wyn, 140Joseph-Napoléon, Prince, 223journals, 80–2, 89–90, 263Jouy, Jules, 555, 556, 557, 562Jullien, Louis, 64, 69, 363, 551Junker, Carl Ludwig, 126–7

Kahlert, Karl August, 20Kalkbrenner, Friedrich, 67, 77, 80, 83, 184,

195–6Kallberg, Je◊rey, 7Kalomiris, Manolis, 596Kant, Immanuel, 22, 31, 32–3, 35, 36–7,

40–1, 130, 139, 194, 339Beethoven and, 233on genius, 261, 262, 263and music, 29, 31, 36–7and religion, 233, 234and Romanticism, 22, 29, 31, 45–6Schlegel and, 35

Kau◊mann, Emil, 475, 477Keller, Gottfried, 464, 478Kerker, Gustave, 555Kerman, Joseph, 136, 413Kerner, Justinus, 481Kidson, Frank, 545Kierkegaard, Søren, 324–5Kiesewetter, Christoph Gottfried, 73Kinderman, William, 119–20, 137, 140Kinsky, Prince Ferdinand, 135Kirnberger, Johann Philipp, 16, 227, 528Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb, 243, 481Knapp, Raymond, 437Knepler, Georg, 8Koch, Heinrich Christoph, 425Köchert, Melanie, 476Kokoschka, Oskar, 579Kollmann, Augustus Frederic Christopher,

425Konrad, Ulrich, 425, 427Körner, Theodor, 481Korngold, Erich Wolfgang, 605

Kossmaly, Karl, 586Kozeluch, Leopold, 244Kramer, Lawrence, 516Kramer, Richard, 160Kraus, Joseph C., 444Kraus, Karl, 579Kretzschmer, Andreas, 466–7Kreutzer, Conradin, 462Kuh, Emil, 470Kühnel, Ambrosius, 79Kurpinski, Karol Kazimierz, 78Kurth, Ernst, 614

Lablache, Luigi, 69Lachner, Franz, 426–7La Fage, Adrien de, 84Lahor, Jean, 493Laibach, 580, 596Lalo, Edouard, 440, 487Lamartine, Alphonse de, 310, 487, 488,

489–90, 497Lambert, Constant, 611Lamennais, Félicité Robert de, 294, 295,

296, 298, 303, 314, 531Lamoureux, Charles, 364, 576language, 29–30, 32–3

French, 164, 485–7, 488, 489–92, 494–7and music, 33, 35–6, 38, 44–54, 152–3,

165–6, 328–9, 429–47, 517–18see also expression

Lanner, Josef, 253–4, 551, 563, 575Laporte, Pierre, 68, 71Larkin, Edward, 132Lassus, Orlande de, 533Laube, Heinrich, 311Le Cerf de la Viéville, Jean Laurent, 30Lecocq, Charles, 555Leconte de Lisle, Charles Marie René, 493Lefébure-Wély, Louis James Alfred, 563Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, 32, 304Leipzig, 180, 577, 578

Conservatory, 83, 276Gewandhaus concerts, 180, 263, 276Thomaskirche, 225

leitmotif, 373, 391–2Leitner, Karl Gottfried von, 466Lenau, Nikolaus, 470, 481Lenz, Wilhelm von, 146Leo XIII, Pope, 526–7Leoncavallo, Ruggero

Crepusculum, 398I Pagliacci, 413–14, 415, 605

Leppert, Richard, 546Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 234

758 Index






Le Sueur, Jean-François, 82, 94, 154, 215,525

Levine, Lawrence, 564Levy, Sarah, 227Leybourne, George, 547, 550, 560Libert, 560Lichnowsky, Prince Carl, 135, 137Lichtenthal, 76‘light music’, 563Liliencron, Detlev von, 482Lind, Jenny, 70, 361Lingg, Hermann von, 465Lippman, Edward, 324Lissa, Z., 10Liszt, Franz, 21, 176, 249, 267–8, 271, 288,

289–315, 431–4, 454, 524, 573and audience, 184and avant-gardism, 314–15and Bach, 276, 540and Berlioz, 175, 299, 302, 311, 432Busoni and, 583choral conducting, 364chromaticism, 197and Cornelius, 397education, 16essays and journalism, 81, 293–4,

295–300, 301–6, 312, 424, 432–3,531–2

and Handel, 274and Hellenism, 289, 292–3, 313and Hungary, 114, 589–90and Nietzsche, 313and the organ, 537and Palestrina, 277, 540as performer, 67, 68, 194, 274and the piano, 77, 503and piano recitals, 13, 14, 61, 263, 547and programmatic music, 431–4and religion, 531–3sales of music by, 79Schoenberg and, 519and Schubert, 469–70, 474, 486and Schumann, 170, 303, 311R. Strauss and, 603, 604Tchaikovsky and, 456teaching, 83and text/performance, 26and tonality, 513, 514and tradition, 429and Wagner, 310–14, 371, 473, 608and Weimar, 577and Weimar Conservatoire, 360and Wolf, 469, 477Années de pèlerinage, 170, 294, 590

Apparitions, 79Ce qu’on entend sur la montagne, 306Christus, 533Dante Symphony, 432Eine Faust-Sinfonie, 171, 175, 176, 197,

234, 313, 314, 431–2, 450, 477, 532‘Gran’ Mass, 526, 530–1, 532Grand Galop, 79Hamlet, 175Hungaria, 589Hungarian Coronation Mass, 530–1, 589Die Ideale, 306–7Die Legende von der heiligen Elisabeth, 310,

313, 533, 589Lyons, 294Mazeppa, 306Missa Choralis, 530, 532, 533organ works, 539–40Orpheus, 306, 313piano concertos, 193, 195–6, 532Piano Sonata in B minor, 206, 207–8, 314,

506–7, 532Les préludes, 452Prometheus, 306, 307–8, 313songs, 469–74, 491, 492Eine Symphonie zu Dantes Divina Commedia,

307, 313Tasso, 306Transcendental Study in F minor, 208–9transcriptions, arrangements and

paraphrases, 175, 207, 269, 276, 314,469

lithography, 251Litol◊, Henry Charles, 512Ljubljana, 580, 596Lloyd, Marie, 547, 562Lobe, Johann Christian, 181, 287, 288–9,

290, 300, 309Lobkowitz, Prince Franz Joseph

Maximilian, 126, 135Locke, John, 31Locke, Ralph P., 59, 62, 67, 293, 294, 295Loeve-Veimar, François-Adolphe, 467Loewe, Carl, 157–8, 161, 163Logier, Johann Bernhard, 77London, 56, 57–9, 61, 64, 73, 74, 544, 547,

548, 552Academy of Ancient Music, 222Concert of Ancient Music, 56, 58, 59, 60,

70, 222Covent Garden, 353King’s Theatre, 68, 71Philharmonic Society, 58, 60, 68, 71–2,

73, 74, 217, 218, 263, 547

Index 759






London (cont.)private parties, 62Royal Academy of Music, 82–3, 360Sacred Harmonic Society, 557–8

London Popular Concerts, 363Longfellow, Henry, 444Longyear, R. M., 207, 208Los Angeles Women’s Orchestra, 362Loti, Pierre, 409Lotti, Antonio, 277Louÿs, Pierre, 496Lower Rhine Music Festival, 216–17, 231,

364, 578Lucas, Sam, 553Lully, Jean-Baptiste, 95, 99, 348, 354

McClary, Susan, 172, 272MacDermott, the Great, 547, 560MacDowell, Edward, 357MacIntyre, Alasdair, 24Mackay, John Henry, 482Mackenzie, Alexander, 592MacNab, Maurice, 556Macpherson, James, 243Maelzel (Mälzel), Johann Nepomuk, 77Maeterlinck, Maurice, 339–40, 419, 468Mahler, Gustav, 241, 429, 453, 456, 478–80,

524, 596, 609–11and Beethoven, 138, 273and Brahms, 463education, 419and programmatic music, 434, 437, 438,

439, 444–5, 609–10Schoenberg and, 579and Schubert, 273and Sibelius, 610Das Lied von der Erde, 463songs, 479–81symphonies, 437–8, 444–5, 453, 457Symphony No. 1, 438, 445, 446, 449–50,

451, 452, 453, 457, 609Symphony No. 2 (‘Resurrection’), 445,

446, 450, 453, 609Symphony No. 3, 446, 453, 609Symphony No. 4, 446Symphony No. 5, 165, 438, 450Symphony No. 6, 450, 609–10Symphony No. 8, 176, 234–5Symphony No. 9, 611Symphony No. 10, 611

Mähler, Willibrord Joseph, 129Mainzer, Joseph, 84Malibran, Maria, 69Malipiero, Gian Francesco, 584

Mallarmé, Stéphane, 495, 497Mälzel, Johann Nepomuk, see under MaelzelManent, Nicolau, 594Mann, August, 548Mantzaros, Nicolaos, 596Manzoni, Alessandro, 530markets, 240–1, 355Marlowe, Christopher, 174Marpurg, Friedrich Wilhelm, 193Marqués, Miguel, 594Marschner, Heinrich August, 115, 385‘Marseillaise, La’, 554, 562Marsop, Paul, 439Martin, Joséphine, 66Marx, Adolf Bernhard, 84, 201–2, 328, 439,

526, 584and Bach, 231, 526and Beethoven, 201–2, 278, 431, 439on form, 16–17, 182, 196, 202, 211, 425–6Liszt and, 301, 302and Mendelssohn, 229, 526and programmatic music, 431

Marx, Karl, 52, 546Masaryk, Thomas Garrigue, 572Mascagni, Pietro, 421

Cavalleria rusticana, 412–14, 415, 605Mason, Lowell, 84, 524Massenet, Jules, 393, 417, 576

word-setting, 489Le Cid, 393, 396, 397, 412Esclarmonde, 393, 412, 418, 581Héroidade, 393Manon, 395, 410–11, 412Le roi de Lahore, 393, 396–7, 412Thaïs, 393Werther, 407, 408, 410, 411–12

Mattheson, Johann, 30Mattmann, Louise, 74Mayr, Johann Simon, 94, 96–7, 100Mayrhofer, Johann, 470Méhul, Etienne-Nicolas, 72, 82, 94–5Meilhac, Henri, 383, 384, 410mélodrame, 101–2, 106Mendelssohn, Fanny, 163, 249Mendelssohn, Felix, 21, 68, 147, 154, 163,

176, 227–31, 277, 329, 439and audience, 184and Bach, 154, 227, 228, 230–2, 275–6and Beethoven, 202–3concert programming, 180, 263, 275–6conducting and rehearsal techniques, 71education, 16, 227family salon, 249–50and Leipzig Conservatory, 66, 83, 276

760 Index






and the organ, 537–8, 540, 542and Palestrina, 277performances of music by, 60, 72, 74, 217as performer, 68, 71and Schubert, 189, 427on the Sistine choir, 225–6R. Strauss and, 603and tradition, 181Wagner and, 587Wesley and, 224Elijah, 558Die erste Walpurgisnacht, 164Fantasia on a Favorite Irish Melody, 246–7Fantasia Op. 28, 171Hebrides Overture, 171Lieder ohne Worte, 165Meeresstille und Glückliche Fahrt, 171A Midsummer Night’s Dream overture, 175,

181Octet, 189–90, 203organ music, 537–8, 540piano concertos, 195Piano Sonata Op. 106, 203Six Preludes and Fugues Op. 35, 276St Paul, 229, 230, 232, 276Die schöne Melusine, 171String Quartet Op. 12, 202–3String Quartet Op. 13, 166, 202String Quartet Op. 44 No. 1, 190Symphony No. 2 (Lobgesang), 171, 428Symphony No. 3 (‘Scottish’), 170, 171,

192, 428Symphony No. 4 (‘Italian’), 167, 171, 192,

428Symphony No. 5 (Reformation), 171,

276, 428Violin Concerto, 170, 195

Mendès, Catulle, 417Mercer-Taylor, Peter, 229, 428Mérimée, Prosper, 410Mermet, Auguste, 406Merrick, Paul, 532Metastasio, Pietro, 87–8, 99Methfessel, Albert Gottlieb, 279metronome, 77Metternich, Klemens Wenzel, 253, 575Meyer, Leonard B., 5, 173, 546, 548Meyerbeer, Giacomo, 91, 99, 105, 107,

108–9, 116, 393, 398, 576Liszt and, 175, 311Tchaikovsky and, 406Verdi and, 113Wagner and, 115, 311, 371–4L’Africaine, 393, 394–5, 396

Il crociato in Egitto, 108–9Les Huguenots, 91, 107, 109, 396Le prophète, 91, 107, 347, 371–4, 393, 398Robert le diable, 107, 109, 116songs, 487–8

Michelangelo Buonarotti, 478Mickiewicz, Adam, 304, 445Middleton, Richard, 547Mikuli, Karl, 276Milde, Feodor von, 470Milde, Rosa von, 470Miller, Norbert, 397Millöcker, Karl, 555minstrel songs, 552–3Mitchell, John, 383Mocquereau, André, 527, 530Modernism, 20, 288–93, 414, 456–8, 512,

575Momigny, Joseph-Jérome, 182Moniuszko, Stanisl-aw, 114, 588, 589Monpou, Hippolyte, 485Monteverdi, Claudio, 227, 583Montigny-Remaury, Caroline, 350Moore, Thomas, 156, 161, 163, 244–5Mörike, Eduard, 465, 467, 474, 475–7Morley, Thomas, 383Morton, Charles, 551Moscheles, Ignaz, 67, 68, 83, 195–6, 241,

248conducting and rehearsal techniques, 71and early music revival, 61, 275piano tutor, 80

Möser, Karl, 178–9Mosonyi, Mihály, 589Moszkowski, Moritz, 512Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 7, 31, 78, 79,

97, 99, 125, 126, 175Attwood and, 224Beethoven and, 97, 124, 132, 134, 137,

138, 142–4Busoni and, 583chromaticism, 182, 196and Clementi, 127commemorative festivals, 63Czerny and, 145Ho◊mann and, 103, 143, 145, 146, 183Kierkegaard and, 324Méhul and, 95performances of music by, 60, 62, 74, 93,

179, 180, 217, 240, 249, 353–4reception history and views of, 10, 20,

121, 142–4, 145, 151, 181, 273–4Schubert and, 188dance music, 253

Index 761






Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (cont.)Don Giovanni, 251, 324, 353–4Die Entführung aus dem Serail, 97The Magic Flute (Die Zauberflöte), 95, 97,

169The Marriage of Figaro, 240Piano Sonata K.545, 188String Quartet in C K.465 (‘Dissonance’),

182, 189String Quartet in D K.575, 452String Quintet in C K.515, 189String Quintet in G minor K.516, 190‘Das Veilchen’, 157

Mueller, Rita Charnin, 472Müller, Wilhelm, 159, 465, 488Müller, Wilhelm Christian, 143Mundt, Theodor, 311Munich, 577, 578Musard, Philippe, 64, 551music hall, 547, 550, 551, 560, 562music history, see historymusic instruction books, 80, 84music publishing, see publishingmusic teaching, 16–17, 75, 82–4, 219, 220,

328, 359–61, 523–4see also conservatoires

music theory, 16–17, 45, 181–3, 196, 201–2,211

see also aestheticsmusical works, views of, and history, 3–17,

22–7musicians, professional position and status,

55–7, 64–84, 362–3, 546musicology, 84, 328

New Musicology, 516Musorgsky, Modest Petrovich, 401, 402, 461

Debussy and, 607Rimsky-Korsakov and, 402–3and tonality, 513–14Boris Godunov, 401, 402, 405–6Pictures at an Exhibition, 511songs, 592–3, 607

Musset, Alfred de, 487

Nabokov, Vladimir, 487Nägeli, Hans Georg, 216Nagler, Norbert, 308Napoleon I, 90, 98, 154, 215, 243, 571–2Napoleon III, 544national identity and nationalism, 144,

146–7, 264–5, 280–1, 509, 568–99Nattiez, Jean-Jacques, 7, 516‘natural song’, 401–2, 403–4

see also folk music

Neefe, Christian Gottlob, 124, 132Nemtin, Alexander, 615neo-classicism, 270, 277Nerval, Gérard de, 163, 417Neubauer, John, 30, 31Neue Deutsche Schule (New German School),

20, 302, 309–10New Grove Dictionary of Opera, 109New York, 346, 357–8, 544, 547, 553–4New York Philharmonic Orchestra, 547Newcomb, Anthony, 7, 172Newlin, Dika, 453Newman, William S., 207, 208Nicolau, Antonio, 594Niedermeyer, Louis, 488, 494, 581Nielsen, Carl, 278, 429, 442, 456, 597

Symphony No. 1, 453Symphony No. 2 (‘The Four

Temperaments’), 445Niemetschek, Franz Xaver, 181Nietzsche, Friedrich, 33, 49–50, 52, 282,

292, 325, 332–3Liszt and, 313and music, 34, 49–50, 321–2, 332–3,

336–7and Schopenhauer, 33, 331–3, 336R. Strauss and, 457, 482and Wagner, 289–90, 292, 332, 333,

336–7Nissen, Georg Nikolaus von, 181Nohl, Ludwig, 134Nordmann, Johannes, 471Norman-Neruda, Wilhelmine, 350Noske, Frits, 163Noskowski, Zygmunt, 589Nottebohm, Gustav, 131Nourrit, Adolphe, 294, 486Novalis (Friedrich von Hardenberg), 37, 38,

39, 47, 50Novello, 78, 355, 548Novello, Alfred, 355Nowakowski, Józef, 78

O◊enbach, Jacques, 110, 382, 383, 410, 554,576

Saint-Saëns and, 488La belle Hélène, 382, 560–1Les contes d’Ho◊mann, 382, 383Fantasio, 382La grande duchesse de Gérolstein, 547, 554,

560–1Orphée aux enfers, 241, 382, 554, 557, 558La Périchole, 383, 384–5La vie parisienne, 382

762 Index






Onslow, George, 74opera, 62–3, 87–116, 371–421

class and, 59, 564forms in, 96, 99–100, 105–6, 108grand opera, 107–9, 371–4, 381, 394–400as industry, 87, 92librettists, 87–8, 99management, 71and national identity, 580plots and subjects, 106–7, 395–6,

399–400, 407repertory, 88, 91–2, 99, 102, 109, 352–3,

367, 368see also under repertory

opéra comique, 109–10operetta, 110, 382–5, 554–5, 565oratorio, 228–9, 367orchestras, 60, 71–4, 346–7, 362organs and organ music, 75, 537–42Orléans, Charles d’, 497ornamentation, 70, 101, 225–6, 246orphéons and orphéon press, 363–4, 366,

558Oslo, 597Ossian cult, 94Ostrovsky, Alexander, 403overtures, 175Owen, Robert, 84Oxford, 84

Pacini, Giovanni, 101Paddison, Max, 9, 23Paer, Ferdinando, 94, 96Paganini, Nicolò, 67, 68, 80, 194, 249, 253,

512Schumann and, 169, 187and J. Strauss (I), 255and text/performance, 26violin concertos, 193, 195–6

Paine, John Knowles, 357Paisiello, Giovanni, 93, 94, 215Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da, 10, 222,

226, 277–8, 527–9, 530, 532, 583Brahms and, 533Liszt and, 532, 540‘revival’ of, 216, 227, 527, 528Sistine Chapel performing tradition, 225,

528Palisca, Claude, 501Pamer, Michael, 253Panseron, Auguste, 485Parakilas, James, 395Paris, 57, 58, 59, 63–4, 73, 74, 347, 382, 544,

547, 552, 573–4, 575–7

Bou◊es-Parisiens, 382, 576Chapelle Royale, 215Chat Noir, 358, 550, 555–6Concerts Populaires, 363Conservatoire, 16, 82, 219, 360Notre Dame, 526Opéra, 72–3, 102, 107, 576Opéra-Comique, 382, 576Orphéon, 558Schola Cantorum, 581Société des Concerts du Conservatoire,

60, 72, 263, 356, 547Société Nationale de Musique, 576, 581Théâtre-Italien, 102, 111Théâtre-Lyrique, 354, 576

Parker, Horatio, 357Parks, Richard S., 608Parry, Hubert, 429, 441, 550, 592Pascall, R., 504, 506Pasdeloup, Jules, 363, 364, 576Pasta, Giuditta, 69, 96Pater, Walter, 318, 340–1Patti, Adelina, 353, 564Paulus (Jean-Paul Habans), 547Paumgartner, Hans, 439Pederson, Sanna, 147, 302, 320Pedrell, Felipe, 594Peiss, Kathy, 561Percy, Thomas, 243performance practice, 26, 67–8, 71, 223–4,

225–6, 528Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista, 354periodisation, 12, 18–22, 24, 151Perne, François-Louis, 182Persiani, Tacchinardi, 353Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich, 216Peters, Carl Friedrich, 79Petöfi, Sándor, 470Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca), 470Petzmeyer, Johann, 551Pfitzner, Hans, 386, 419philanthropy, 365, 367–8, 558–9piano, position in music, 14–15, 502–4,

510–12piano accompaniment, 155–6piano recitals, 13–14, 349pianos, 76–7, 348–9Picasso, Pablo, 414Piersig, Johannes, 290Pirandello, Luigi, 414Pius X, Pope, 527Pixis, Johann Peter, 67plainchant, 525–7, 532Platen, August von, 465

Index 763






Pleyel, Ignaz, 76–7, 156, 244Pohl, Richard, 306, 307, 314Ponchielli, Amilcare, 412

La Gioconda, 398–9‘popular’, meaning of, 545Porter, C. Hopkins, 216, 217Porumbescu, Ciprian, 596Pothier, Joseph, 526, 527, 530Pottier, Eugène, 562Pougin, Arthur, 408Pozsony, 580practices, 24–7Praetorius, Michael, 533Prague, 579, 580, 590Prévost d’Exiles, Antoine François, 411Preyer, Gottfried, 427printing, 78–9, 250–1Probst, Heinrich Adalbert, 184Proctor, Frederick Freeman, 553–4programming, 13–14, 61, 134, 148, 179–81,

239–40, 349–50composer-centredness, 263see also repertory

Proske, Carl, 526, 529Proudhon, Pierre Joseph, 303Prüwer, Julius, 605Pschorr, Johanna, 481public vs. private, 106–7publishing, 78–80, 184–5, 250–1, 354–5,

547, 548–9, 578Puccini, Giacomo, 421, 524, 605–7, 611

and Verdi, 386–7, 415, 605La bohème, 407, 605Edgar, 415Gianni Schicchi, 381Madama Butterfly, 395, 605Manon Lescaut, 411, 412Il tabarro, 414–15Tosca, 413, 414, 605, 607Le villi, 415

Pu◊ett, Derrick, 608Puget, Loïsa, 66Purcell, Henry, 355Pushkin, Aleksander Sergeyevich, 405, 406,

407Pustet, 527

qualifications, 84

race issues, 109, 359, 372, 552, 586Rachmanino◊, Sergei, 442, 524, 615, 616,

619Ra◊, Joachim, 310, 314, 438, 440, 445, 454ragtime, 553, 561

Ramann, Lina, 297Rameau, Jean-Philippe, 16, 95, 99, 487Ratner, Leonard G., 165, 166, 167Ravel, Maurice, 511, 582Raynor, Henry, 510–11, 550Razumovsky, Count Andrey, 137, 141Realism, 19, 20, 91, 401

see also verismoRealpolitik, 572reception history, 9–10

see also under individual composersrecitals, 13–14, 349Regensburg, 527, 529Reger, Max, 540Rehbaum, Theodor, 470Reicha, Antoine, 70, 82, 182–3, 211, 425Reichardt, Johann Friedrich, 243, 274–5,

277, 279, 462Reissiger, Karl Gottlieb, 427religion, 49–50, 51–2, 213, 218, 225,

229–30, 232–5, 292, 303, 311, 313, 314,557

concerts and, 235, 349see also church music

Rellstab, Ludwig, 81Renard, Antoine, 562repertory, 13–16, 56, 60, 348–51

canon of, 68, 79, 82, 148, 179–82, 265–7,347–8, 349, 351, 355–8

choral, 216, 217opera, 88, 91–2, 99, 102, 109, 351–5, 375see also programming

revolutions of 1830–1, 90revolutions of 1848–9, 21, 90, 287, 308,

325–8, 352, 372, 563, 571Reyer, Ernest, 393, 418Reynolds, Joshua, 261Rheinberger, Joseph, 510Rice, Charles, 551Rice, Thomas, 552Richault, 486Richter, Hans, 364Richter, Jean-Paul, 169Riemann, Hugo, 328, 445, 578Ries, Ferdinand, 67, 78, 130–1, 217, 247Rimbaud, Arthur, 339–40Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay Andreyevich,

402–3, 404, 593and Musorgsky, 402–3Stravinsky and, 617Pskovityanka, 402, 403Sadko, 403, 404–5Scheherazade, 446, 593Snegurochka, 403–4

764 Index






songs, 593symphonies, 442

riots, 363, 565Ritchie, James, 549Ritzel, Fred, 425Robert-Tornow, Walter-Heinrich, 478Robespierre, Maximilien, 218, 219Robinson, Paul, 97Rochlitz, Friedrich, 122–3Roerich, Nicholas, 618Romagnesi, Henri, 485Romani, Felice, 111Romanticism, 18–24, 25, 151

and aesthetics, 38, 42; see also aestheticsand the Enlightenment, 186, 187, 233,

234and folk art, 243and form, 165, 166, 187, 191–6, 211and greatness, 259–65Kant and, 29neo-romanticism, 302opera and, 25, 91, 103and restoration, 222Schumann on, 276

Rome Sistine Chapel, 225–6, 528, 532

Ronsard, Pierre de, 467Ronzi De Begnis, Giuseppina, 240Root, George F., 562Ropartz, Guy, 581Röse, Otto, 605Rosen, Charles, 140, 165, 229–30Rosselli, John, 59, 69, 71, 92, 352Rossini, Gioachino, 26, 90, 98–101, 102,

110, 114, 524Bellini and, 111Boïeldieu and, 102Busoni and, 583Glinka and, 114Meyerbeer and, 108–9ornamentation, 70, 101and politics, 98reception history and views of, 12, 78, 88,

90, 91, 98–101, 175Schubert and, 188self-borrowings, 98and text/performance, 26Verdi and, 112, 530Il barbiere di Siviglia, 88, 98, 99, 101, 564La Cenerentola, 98–9Le Comte Ory, 102La donna del lago, 98Ermione, 98Guillaume Tell, 102, 107, 108

L’Italiana in Algeri, 98Maometto II/Le siège de Corinthe, 98, 100,

102Moïse, 102Otello, 98, 100Semiramide, 100Tancredi, 98, 102–3

Rouget de Lisle, Claude Joseph, 562‘La Marseillaise’, 554, 562

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 32, 33, 193, 241‘Rowley, Thomas’, 243Rubini, Giovanni Battista, 69Rubinstein, Anton, 350, 351, 364, 429, 512

Die Maccabäer, 394Moses, 394Neron, 394Sulamith, 394symphonies, 441Symphony No. 2 (‘Ocean’), 445

Rückert, Friedrich, 161, 479, 482, 488Rudolph, Archduke, 135, 141Rummenhöller, Peter, 21Russell, Lillian, 547Russia, 591, 592Ruzitska, József, 580

Said, Edward, 591Saint-Saëns, Camille, 329, 455, 487, 488,

512, 524, 525Fauré and, 494and Société Nationale de Musique, 576,

581and Wagner, 329, 417Danse macabre, 446Le rouet d’Omphale, 446Samson et Dalila, 395songs, 487, 488, 491Symphony No. 3, 440, 451, 452, 453

Saint-Simon, Claude-Henri de Rouvroy,Comte de, 293, 311, 562

Saint-Simonians, 292–6, 298, 299–300, 303,311, 562

Salis, Rodolphe, 555Salomon family, 250salons, 62, 249–50Salter, Lionel, 594Sammons, Je◊rey, 296Sams, Eric, 162Samson, Jim, 210, 211, 513, 518Samuels, Robert, 609–10, 611Sarasate, Pablo, 350Sarrette, Bernard, 82Satie, Erik, 320, 358, 556Savart, Félix, 77

Index 765






Savin, Risto, 596Sayn-Wittgenstein, Princess Carolyne von,

297, 303, 309, 433Scarlatti, Domenico, 14Schack, Adolf Friedrich von, 465, 482Schellhous, Rosalie, 264Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von,

22, 35, 39–41, 42, 46, 52on genius, 263, 264on music, 35, 40, 41

Schenk, Johann, 131Schiller, Friedrich, 20, 120, 222, 234, 243,

267, 406Liszt and, 306, 310Mahler and, 480settings of, 155, 157, 199, 470Verdi and, 380

Schindler, Anton Felix, 138, 148Schlegel, August Wilhelm von, 19, 193, 486Schlegel, Friedrich von, 19, 32, 33–6, 37, 39,

46, 51, 193, 308on drive, 35, 52on irony, 36, 51on music, 32, 33–6, 38, 41, 42, 322

Schleiermacher, Friedrich Ernst Daniel, 32,33, 38, 42, 46–9

and music, 47–9, 231, 232, 233, 234,235

and religion, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235Schlesinger, Maurice, 79, 296Schlosser, Johann Aloys, 143, 145Schmidgall, Gary, 380Schmitz, Arnold, 122Schmitz, E. Robert, 516–17, 518Schneider, Friedrich, 217, 228Schneider, Hortense, 547, 560–1Schnitzer, Ignatz, 385Schober, Franz von, 158Schoenberg, Arnold, 439, 441, 454, 515,

578–9, 584, 611–15and Brahms, 463–4, 511, 613, 615and Debussy, 515Liszt and, 290Scriabin and, 616, 617and R. Strauss, 613, 615and Wagner, 613, 614–15Das Buch der hängenden Gärten, 614First Chamber Symphony, 614, 615Pelleas und Melisande, 613String Quartet No. 1, 613, 615String Quartet No. 2, 517Three Piano Pieces Op. 11, 614Verklärte Nacht, 506, 514–19, 613

schools, 84, 219

Schopenhauer, Arthur, 37, 46, 52–3, 267,325, 329–33

and music, 34, 35, 39, 41, 49, 50, 52–3,303, 322, 330

Nietzsche and, 33, 50, 331–3R. Strauss and, 457Wagner and, 52, 312–13, 329, 331–3

Schreder, 76Schubert, Franz, 32, 147, 153, 154, 176, 243

and Beethoven, 188, 201Brahms and, 465, 466French song and, 486–7Lalo and, 487Liszt and, 469–70, 474Mahler and, 480, 481and Mozart, 188musical language, 188–9, 197–201reception history and views of, 180,

184–5, 217, 272–3, 461and Romanticism, 20and Rossini, 188Saint-Saëns and, 487Schoenberg and, 519Schumann and, 427Wagner and, 467Wolf and, 475dance music, 253Impromptus, 168–9Mass in A flat, 155Mass in E flat, 155Moments musicals, 166Octet, 201Piano Sonata in G major D.894, 168Piano Sonata in A major D.959, 166Piano Sonata in B flat D.960, 190–1,

198–9Piano Trio in E flat D.929, 199–200, 203Quartettsatz D.703, 190songs, 153, 155, 157, 158–60, 163, 461,

462, 465, 471; ‘Auf der Donau’, 474;‘Erlkönig’, 157, 158, 161; ‘Ganymed’,158; ‘Gretchen am Spinnrade’, 157,467; ‘Heidenröslein’, 157; Die schöneMüllerin, 159, 462; Schwanengesang,160, 466; ‘Der Taucher’, 157; ‘Viola’,158, 159; ‘Der Winterabend’, 466;Winterreise, 159–60, 199–200, 462

String Quartet in E flat D.87, 188String Quartet in D D.94, 188String Quartet in B flat D.112, 188String Quartet in A minor D.804, 199,

200String Quartet in D minor D.810 (‘Death

and the Maiden’), 190, 198

766 Index






String Quartet in G D.887, 190, 197String Quintet in C D.956, 191, 200Symphony No. 4 (‘Tragic’), 188Symphony No. 5, 188Symphony No. 6, 188, 189Symphony No. 8 (‘Unfinished’), 188, 189,

191Symphony No. 9 (‘Great C major’),

188–9, 191, 192, 427‘Wanderer’ Fantasy, 206, 207

Schultz, Johann, 193Schultz, Edward, 128Schulz, Agnes, 401Schulz, Johann Abraham Peter, 243Schulzova, Anezka, 401Schumann, Clara, 163, 169, 206, 362, 443,

538–9Schumann, Robert, 21, 32, 147, 156, 165,

168–9, 176, 186–7, 227, 277, 538–9and ‘aesthetics of the secret’, 437, 443and audience, 184, 186–7and Bach, 227, 276, 538, 540and Beethoven, 169–70, 206, 430Brahms and, 437, 443, 534and Chopin, 169, 184and form, 168–9, 192, 209–10, 538–9journalism/criticism, 66, 81, 90, 168–9,

184, 276, 321, 426–7Liszt and, 299, 303, 306, 311, 470and Mendelssohn, 227, 538and Mozart, 276musical language, 187–8, 196reception history and views of, 180, 217,

363, 439on Romanticism, 276and Schubert, 168–9, 189, 272, 427teaching, 66, 83, 276and tradition, 181Wagner and, 311, 467Wolf and, 475Arabesque, 187Carnaval, 169, 187, 500, 514Davidsbündlertänze, 514Fantasie in C Op. 17, 169, 205, 206–7,

208Fantasiestücke Op. 12, 187Faschingsschwank aus Wien, 187, 196–7fugues, 276Kinderscenen, 196–7Kreisleriana, 169, 187–8, 514Manfred, music for, 175, 443Papillons, 169Piano Concerto, 195Piano Quartet Op. 47, 190

Piano Quintet Op. 44, 187, 190, 203Piano Sonata No. 1 in F sharp minor, 166Piano Sonata No. 2 in G minor, 167Romanze Op. 28 No. 2, 196–7Six Fugues on the name of Bach, 538Six Studies for the Pedal-Piano, 538songs, 160–3, 462, 464, 465, 467, 496;

Dichterliebe, 161–3, 169; Frauenliebe und -Leben, 160, 161; Liederkreis Op. 24,161; Liederkreis Op. 39, 161; Myrthen, 161

Symphony No. 1 (Spring), 169, 203–4Symphony No. 2, 169, 204Symphony No. 3 (‘Rhenish’), 276, 428Symphony No. 4, 203, 204, 205, 452Szenen aus Goethes Faust, 176, 234Toccata Op. 7, 196–7Violin Concerto, 195

Schuppanzigh, Ignaz, 74, 180Schütz, Heinrich, 529, 533Schwartz, Manuela, 417Scotland, 84, 248Scott, Walter, 102, 156, 242, 243Scriabin, Alexander, 442, 615–17Scribe, Eugène, 102, 107, 372, 374, 380,

393, 394, 411Scruton, Roger, 291–2seasonality, 345–6Sechter, Simon, 16, 574Sei◊ert, C. T., 143–4, 146Senefelder, Alois, 250–1Sennett, Richard, 106Serov, Alexander, 401–2, 405Séverac, Déodat de, 581Seyfried, Ignaz von, 16, 129, 130, 145Shakespeare, William, 174, 175, 242, 380,

381Shaw, George Bernard, 510Sheard, Charles, 548Sheridan, Mary Agnes, 562Sibelius, Jean, 278, 429, 451, 454, 456, 457,

609, 610–11, 619and Mahler, 610Four Legends/Lemminkaïnen Suite, 446Kullervo, 446symphonies, 438, 442, 443, 451, 597, 609Symphony No. 3, 610–11Symphony No. 4, 452Symphony No. 5, 610Tapiola, 611Violin Concerto, 442

Sieburth, Richard, 417Simms, Bryan R., 513Sinding, Christian, 441

Index 767






singers and singing, 69–71, 84, 105, 109,361, 403, 405

see also ‘natural song’Singspiel, 97Sistine Chapel, 225–6, 528, 532Skroup, Frantisek Jan, 580Smart, George, 71–2, 77Smart, Henry, 542Smetana, Bedrich, 400, 588, 590

The Brandenbergers of Bohemia, 351Libuse, 400, 401Má Vlast, 438

Smyth, Ethel, 357social class, see classSociety of British Musicians, 66Soldene, Emily, 547Solesmes, 525–7, 530, 531Solger, Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, 36, 50–1,

52Solie, Ruth, 160Solomon, Maynard, 124, 131, 133, 136, 140Somma, Antonio, 380sonata form, codification and theory of,

182–3, 425–6Sonzogno, Edoardo, 412Sorrell, Martin, 341Sousa, John Philip, 553, 565Spencer, Herbert, 328Spina, 548Spinoza, Baruch, 32Spitta, Philip, 328, 529, 585Spohr, Louis, 68, 71, 73, 77, 231–2

violin tutor, 80Faust, 103Jessonda, 395Jüngsten Gericht, 228

Spontini, Gaspare, 71, 95, 102, 107Beethoven and, 97Berlioz and, 110Weber and, 104Fernand Cortez, 70, 395Olympie, 102La vestale, 95, 97

Staël, Anne Louise Germaine de, 242Stakhovich, Mikhaíl, 404Stanford, Charles Villiers, 357, 441, 501–4,

519, 592, 602Stasov, Vladimir, 329, 351, 401, 402, 406Stefani, Jan, 78, 580Steibelt, Daniel, 67Stendhal (Marie Henri Beyle), 282Stenhammar, Wilhelm, 438, 442, 597Sterkel, Johann Franz Xaver, 127–8Sterling, Antoinette, 559

Stevens, R. J. S., 84Stevenson, John, 244Stièvenard, Emile, 491Stockhausen, Julius, 462Stockholm, 597Stodart, 76Stoepel, François, 81Storace, Nancy, 69Strauss family, 279, 575Strauss, Johann (I), 253–6, 551, 563Strauss, Johann (II), 256, 544, 548, 551, 563,

565The Blue Danube, 548, 550, 551Die Fledermaus, 383, 550, 554Der Zigeunerbaron, 385, 550

Strauss, Josef, 563Strauss, Richard, 429, 437, 439, 446, 456,

457, 578, 602–6, 611, 612, 619and Brahms, 603and form, 454, 602, 605and Liszt, 433–4, 603, 604Schoenberg and, 613, 615and Wagner, 386, 419, 420–1, 603, 604,

605An Alpine Symphony, 602Also sprach Zarathustra, 450, 457, 602Ariadne auf Naxos, 421Aus Italien, 602Don Juan, 451, 453, 457, 602, 603Don Quixote, 602, 603, 604Elektra, 420–1, 604, 605Feuersnot, 381, 420, 604Guntram, 420Ein Heldenleben, 450, 453, 602, 604Macbeth, 602Der Rosenkavalier, 421, 606Salome, 395, 420–1, 604–5Sinfonia domestica, 602, 604songs, 461, 481–5; compositional process,

482–3Till Eulenspiegels lustige Streiche, 420, 451,

457, 602, 603Tod und Verklärung (Death and

Transfiguration), 420, 454, 602, 603Stravinsky, Igor, 402, 414, 584, 617–18, 619

The Firebird, 617The Nightingale, 617Petrushka, 617The Rite of Spring (Le sacre du printemps),

274, 617–18Symphony in E flat, 442

Strohm, Reinhard, 23, 24, 261–2structuralist history, 18Sturm und Drang, 188, 243

768 Index






style, 5–6, 7, 20, 601Sullivan, Arthur, 357, 377, 546, 549, 554,

564and O◊enbach, 383Cox and Box, 383The Gondoliers, 383, 560Iolanthe, 554, 560Ivanhoe, 383The Mikado, 383, 557, 559–60Ruddigore, 384–5, 549Thespis, 383Trial by Jury, 383

Sully-Prudhomme, René-François, 493Sulzer, Johann Georg, 322Suppé, Franz von, 383Svendsen, Johan, 429, 441, 597Swieten, Gottfried van, 126Symbolism, 19, 339–41, 607synchronicity, 516Szarvády, Wilhelmine, 74Szymanowska, Maria, 68

Taft, Helen Herron, 358Tajan-Rogé, Dominique, 294Talbot, Michael, 263Taruskin, Richard, 4, 403, 406, 591, 615–17Tasso, Torquato, 259, 306taste, 70, 82, 193, 545Tastu, Amable, 487Tawa, Nicholas, 558Taylor, Charles, 29–30Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Il’yich, 175, 403, 406–7,

429, 441–2, 443–4, 455–6, 509, 510,590

and Mozart, 274Eugene Onegin (Yevgeny Onegin), 406–7The Maid of Orleans, 406Manfred Symphony, 446Mazeppa, 406The Oprichnik, 406piano concertos, 510piano music, 510The Queen of Spades (Pikovaya dama), 406Romeo and Juliet, 449Symphony No. 2, 442Symphony No. 4, 443, 450–1, 452Symphony No. 5, 443Symphony No. 6 (‘Pathétique’), 443–4,

449Violin Concerto, 442, 443The Voyevoda, 406

technology, 14, 17, 77, 105Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 470textbooks, 80, 84, 182

Thalberg, Sigismond, 67, 512Thayer, Alexander Wheelock, 119, 129,

136–7Thérésa (Emma Valadon), 547, 562Theuriet, André, 487Thibaut, Anton Friedrich Justus, 216, 222,

228, 235, 275, 277, 528Thomas, Ambroise, 576Thomas, Gwyn, 366Thomas, Philip, 368Thomas, Theodore, 358Thomson, George, 156, 243–4Three Choirs Festival, 215Thuille, Louis, 481Tieck, Johann Ludwig, 34, 193, 249, 462–3‘Tin Pan Alley’, 548Todd, R. Larry, 539–40Tolstoy, Leo, 470Tomásek, Václav Jan, 166, 590tonality, ‘progressive’, 453, 513Torricella, 250Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri de, 556–7Tourte bow, 77tradition, 5, 7, 181, 183–6, 424–5, 454–5

continuity and, 222–32traditional music, see folk musictragédie lyrique, 104, 107translation, 486–7Treitler, Leo, 504–5Trezise, Simon, 517Truro, 61, 63, 73Türk, Daniel Gottlob, 84Turner, John, 84Turner, Joseph Mallord William, 19tutors (instruction books), 80, 84, 182

Uhland, Ludwig, 462, 469–70, 481, 482universities, 84Urhan, Chrétien, 486utopianism, 219–20, 221, 281, 303, 314

Valadon, Emma (Thérésa), 547, 562Valentino, Henri, 363Valéry, Paul, 338, 339–40Vance, the Great, 560Van den Toorn, Pieter C., 618Van der Merwe, Peter, 550variety, 553vaudeville, 553–4Vaughan Williams, Ralph, 618Verdi, Giuseppe, 91, 105, 112–13, 116, 352,

374–81, 412, 524Liszt and, 175and opéra comique, 110

Index 769






Verdi, Giuseppe (cont.)Puccini and, 605reception history and views of, 88, 99,

109, 116, 352and the Risorgamento, 90, 113, 374, 582Sullivan and, 385and Wagner, 329, 377–8Aïda, 278, 374, 378, 379, 394, 395, 398,

399, 412Aroldo, 375Attila, 112Un ballo in maschera, 374, 378–9, 380,

386La battaglia di Legnano, 112Don Carlos, 353, 374, 375, 379, 398Ernani, 112Falsta◊, 380–1, 386–7, 583, 605La forza del destino, 375, 379, 380, 386Un giorno di regno, 381Jérusalem, 112, 353, 374I Lombardi, 112, 374, 583Luisa Miller, 112Macbeth, 112Nabucco, 112, 113, 583Otello, 380–1, 398Requiem, 530, 531Rigoletto, 113, 374–7, 378Simon Boccanegra, 375Sti◊elio, 113, 116, 375Te Deum, 531La traviata, 113, 374–5, 378Il trovatore, 374–5, 377Les vêpres siciliennes, 353, 374, 398

Verga, Giovanni, 412verismo, 412, 605

see also RealismVerlaine, Paul, 339–40, 341, 490, 491, 493,

494, 495–6, 497Véron, Louis, 59, 62, 71Viardot-García, Pauline, 70, 373Viaud, Julien, 409Victoria, Queen, 256, 562Victoria, Tomás Luis da, 277Vienna, 57, 58, 63, 125–6, 179, 544, 547–8,

558, 573–5Apollo-Säle, 252–3Conservatoire, 220, 346Damen-Orchester, 362Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, 217, 356,

558, 574Hofoper, 574Sperl, 252, 253, 254Theater an der Wien, 565Tonkünstler-Societät, 217

Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, 346, 356,368, 548

Villoteau, Guillaume André, 84Vinçard, Jules, 294, 562violins, 77Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène, 526virtuosity, 4, 67, 68, 193–6, 511, 512, 549Vischer, Friedrich Theodor von, 303Vogl, Johann Nepomuk, 158Vogler, Georg Joseph, 126Voltaire (François Marie Arouet), 490Vorisek, Jan Václav, 590Voss, Egon, 414Vuillaume, Jean-Baptiste, 77

Wachmann, Ion Andrei, 596Wackenroder, W. H., 34, 193, 321, 322Wagner, Cosima, 419, 587Wagner, Richard, 21, 81, 91, 114–16, 267–8,

291, 329, 387–93, 573, 596anti-Semitism, 372, 586–7and Auber, 167and Baudelaire, 326–7and Bayreuth, 577–8and Beethoven, 122, 270, 430, 431and Berlioz, 311and Boïeldieu, 102and Brahms, 500–1Bruckner and, 438and Cornelius, 397Debussy and, 461, 607–8and Goethe, 268and grand opera, 105, 108, 115, 371–2and Habeneck, 72and Hegel, 388Huysmans and, 338ideas, 50, 51, 147, 171, 267–8, 289–90,

292, 298, 299, 301, 310–14, 321, 329,331, 387–8, 390

Italian opera and, 412, 415and Liszt, 298, 299, 305, 310–14, 434,

473, 547, 608and Mendelssohn, 587and Meyerbeer, 371–4and Mozart, 7musical language, 513and New German School, 310and opera repertory, 88, 354planned Buddhist drama, 392reception history and views of, 109,

289–90, 329, 363, 364, 416–21, 488–9,574, 576, 582

and 1848–9 revolutions, 327, 387Schoenberg and, 613, 614–15

770 Index






and Schopenhauer, 52, 331–3and Schumann, 311, 467self-publishing, 251and J. Strauss (I), 254R. Strauss and, 457, 603, 604, 605Stravinsky and, 617and Symbolism, 322Tchaikovsky and, 456Verdi and, 329, 377–8Wolf and, 461, 474, 477–8Eine Faust-Ouvertüre, 175Die Feen, 115Der fliegende Holländer (The Flying

Dutchman), 115; ‘formula’ fromoverture, 449–50, 451, 454

Götterdämmerung, 390, 392, 395Das Liebesverbot, 115, 381Lohengrin, 305, 313, 371–4, 389Die Meistersinger, 261, 380–1, 386, 387,

389, 549Parsifal, 292, 608Das Rheingold, 274, 386, 388, 389, 391,

550Rienzi, 115Der Ring des Nibelungen, 585; see also

individual operas in this entrySiegfried, 386, 392Siegfried Idyll, 451, 504songs, 467–9Tannhäuser, 115–16, 305, 313, 324, 353,

386Tristan und Isolde, 326–7, 331, 381, 395,

418, 468, 608, 614–15Die Walküre, 390–2, 608Wesendonck Songs, 467–9

Wagner, Siegfried, 419Waldstein, Ferdinand Ernst von, 130, 132,

185Walker, Alan, 470Wallaschek, Richard, 328, 565Warsaw, 61, 66, 74, 580Watson, Rosabel, 362Watteau, Jean Antoine, 516Weber, Carl Maria von, 78, 103–4, 154, 217,

243, 247, 249, 329, 350Berlioz and, 110conducting, 71Ho◊mann and, 151journalism, 103–4, 321on opera, 103–4self-publishing, 251Wagner and, 115concertos, 68, 69, 194, 195–6Euryanthe, 104

folk song accompaniments, 156, 244Der Freischütz, 70, 88, 103, 110, 167Silvana, 167

Weber, Gottfried, 182Weber, Max, 23, 568Weber, William, 11, 57–8, 60, 63, 220, 221,

280, 347, 546Webster, James, 131, 142Weelkes, Thomas, 383Wegeler, Franz Gerhard, 127–8, 132, 134Weimar, 309, 310–11, 577, 578

Conservatoire, 360Weissheimer, Wendelin, 419Wellesz, Egon, 518, 519Wenzig, Josef, 400Wesendonck, Mathilde, 467–8Wesley, Samuel Sebastian, 154, 224, 542Wessel, 78Wette, Adelheid, 420Wetzlar von Plankenstern, Raimund, 129White, Hayden, 121, 122Whitesitt, Linda, 358Whitman, Walt, 357–8, 558Whittall, Arnold, 509, 514, 516, 517, 613Widor, Charles-Marie, 541–2Wieck, Clara, see Schumann, ClaraWienbarg, Ludolf, 311Wieniawski, Henryk, 350Wild, Franz, 135Wilde, Oscar, 339, 420, 604–5Wilhelm, William, 558Williams, Raymond, 546, 550Williamson, John, 603Winkel, Dietrich Nikolaus, 77Winklhofer, Sharon, 207Winter, Peter von, 97Winter, Robert, 444Winterfield, Carl von, 529Wiora, Walter, 23, 266Witmark, 548Witt, Franz Xaver, 529Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 579Wolf, Hugo, 474–8, 480, 482

and Brahms, 464Liszt and, 469, 470–1and Schumann, 475and Wagner, 386, 474, 477–8Der Corregidor, 386songs, 474–8

Wolf-Ferrari, Ermanno, 381, 387Wol◊, Larry, 587Wöl◊l, Joseph, 129, 145Wöl◊lin, Heinrich, 3Wolzogen, Hans von, 419

Index 771






womenas composers, 66, 360as performers, 67–8, 74–5, 83, 350, 361–2see also gender issues

word-setting, 485–8, 489–92, 493, 494–7Wordsworth, William, 186work concept, 22–3

see also musical worksWyn Jones, David, 140

Xanrof, 550, 557, 559Xenos, Nicholas, 577

Young, Edward, 261Ysaÿe, Eugène, 350, 358

Zagreb, 580, 596Zajc, Ivan, 596Zarebski, Juliusz, 589Zeitgeist, 516Zelenski, Wl-adysl-aw, 589Zelter, Carl Friedrich, 70, 178, 216, 222,

223, 227, 277, 528Zemlinsky, Alexander von, 419Zola, Emile, 407, 412, 556Zuccalmaglio, Anton Wilhelm Florentin

von, 466–7Zuckerman, Eliot, 419Zumsteeg, Emilie, 163Zumsteeg, Johann Rudolf, 157, 465

772 Index






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