incorporating values into the design process
DESCRIPTION
Presentation at ICWL 2014 workshop on the Future of E-Textbooks.TRANSCRIPT
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Incorporating Values into the Design Process
The Case of E-Textbook Development for Estonia
Arman Arakelyan, Ilya Shmorgun, Sónia Sousa
Institute of InformaticsTallinn University
This research has been produced in the context of the LEARNMIX project (RU/3013) funded by the Archimedes Foundation.
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IntroductionThere is a need to transition from artifact-centered design to intentional creation of value.
A value proposition needs to be deliberately highlighted.
Value can be seen as:● the reason for creating an artifact;● something cared for and having desirable properties.
We focus on values in the design and reflection on their presence or absence.
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Design Critique and Critical Design
Design critique:● focuses on the specific details of a design, its role and
value in the environment;● helps compare alternatives and reflect on different
approaches.
Critical design:● aims to uncover opportunities for improvement;● helps ensure that values are incorporated in the design
through reflection in-action or post-action.
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Design Values in LearnMix
LearnMix aims to reconceptualize e-textbooks as aggregations of professional and user-contributed content available on a wide range of devices.
The focus of the project ranges from defining what is a future e-textbook to designing specific interactions.
A set of values have been developed based on:● a range of user studies; and ● input from TEL experts.
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Communicating Design Rationale
● Reflection on design rationale needs to be documented for communication purposes.
● This will help others understand the design choices and uptake them in their own work.
● Design spaces are a means of developing and documenting design rationale. The approach is based on work by MacLean et al.
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Design Space as a Node-and-Link Diagram
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Design Space as a Table
Q: What areof the design space for the ubiquitous computing design challenges presented in tabular formthe design challenge?
C: Improving ease and convenience of use
C: Facilitating interactions with a wide variety of devices
C: Increasing user control in the interaction
C: Selecting technologies appropriate for the design task
C: Developing a robust design practice
O: Understanding user needs
+ - + + +
O: Designing for multiple interfaces
+ + - + -
O: Designing for smartness
+ + + + +
O: Selecting appropriate technologies
+ + + + +
O: Developing ubicomp design conventions
+ - - + +
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Template Design Space for Design Critique
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Example Design Space for Design Critique
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Template Design Space for Critical Design
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Example Design Space for Critical Design
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Conclusion
Design spaces are informative in discussing perceived or intended design rationale.
They are more useful for design criticism than for critical design.
● Existing artifacts can be analyzed and evaluated against a set of criteria.
● For critical design design spaces are too detailed and strict, which limits creativity. Design spaces could be used as additional inputs, but not set recommendations.