inclusive design & accessibility · 2020. 9. 15. · in 2012, edward steinfeld and jordana...
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prepared by Angela Iarocci Sheridan College
Neeta VermaUniversity of Notre Dame
SEGD Academic Task Force03.23.2019
Inclusive Design & Accessibility
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Inclusive Design is a holistic process that
involves consideration of various facets
of human diversity including age, gender,
race, religion, culture and experience.
This process respects and acknowledges
that within any given population there
is a wide spectrum of individual abilities,
needs and aspirations. Inclusive design
principles and methods are applied
across all design disciplines including
communication, products, services and
the built environment.
In North America, the development of
inclusive design principles and processes
emerged from the civil, veteran and Canada Science and Technology Museum
Artifact Alley, Reich + Petch
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disability rights movements that started
to gain momentum in the 1960s. One
important outcome of these political
actions is the shift from a medical to
a social model of disability. The social
model identifies societal barriers,
negative perceptions and attitudes as
the primary drivers of exclusion.
One common perception of “universal
design” is that designs should be
accessible to and usable by as wide
a population as possible. Inclusive
design recognizes that this goal is not
always attainable or appropriate, thus Canadian Museum for Human Rights, Gagarin
Photo: ©The Canadian Museum for Human Rights
and Ian McCausland
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the focus is to acknowledge diversity
in populations and to be sensitive to
specific contexts and parameters.
In 2012, Edward Steinfeld and Jordana
Maisel from the Center for Inclusive
Design and Environmental Access (IDeA),
School of Architecture and Planning,
University of Buffalo developed eight
Goals of Universal Design. The first
four goals are: Body Fit, Comfort,
Awareness, and Understanding
(These include research in ergonomics,
human factors, sensory perception
and anthropometrics). The fifth goal
of Wellness focuses on how products, U.S. National Park Service, World War II Valor in the
Pacific National Monument at Pearl Harbor, AldrichPears
Associates / Photo: Ben West
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services and the built environment impact
usability, health and well-being. The final three
goals, Social Integration, Personalization and
Cultural Appropriateness, draw on the social
sciences to recognize socio-cultural diversity.
Key milestones in accessibility legislation
such as The Americans with Disabilities Act
(US, 1990), the Disability Discrimination Act
(Australia, 1992, United Kingdom, 1995),
the Disability Act (Ireland, 2005) and the
Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities
Act (Canada, 2005) are the result of evolving
societal values regarding inclusion.
Accessible Icon Project
Learning Outcomes
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Engage in an empathetic human-centered
design process to foster a deeper understanding
of the challenges and barriers impacting
social inclusion.
Develop a sensibility towards the diverse
range of capabilities and abilities within a given
population and for specific contexts.
Develop an understanding of cultural
differences within an inclusive design approach.
Apply sensitivity in use of language, terminology
and methodologies when working with
diverse populations.
Universal Symbols in Healthcare,
Hablamos Juntos and SEGD
Learning Outcomes
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Research current and emerging adaptive
strategies and technologies for people
with various abilities.
Integrate knowledge of relevant national
and international accessibility legislation,
professional standards and ethics
throughout the design process.
Maguire Welcome Center, Gallaudet University
Photo: Lincoln Barbour
Case Studies per practice area
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Exhibition U.S. National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Old Faithful Visitor Center
Designer: Christopher Chadbourne & Associates
https://segd.org/old-faithful-visitors-center-exhibitions-and-accessibility
Exhibition U.S. National Park Service, World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument at Pearl Harbor
Designer: AldrichPears Associates
https://segd.org/world-war-ii-valor-pacific-national-monument-exhibitions-and-accessibility
Exhibition Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum, The Senses: Design Beyond Vision
Designers: Studio Joseph; David Genco
https://segd.org/senses%E2%80%94design-beyond-vision-both-feat-and-feast
Case Studies per practice area
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Wayfinding Interactive Wayfinding Maps
Designers: Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access (IDeA) at the University at Buffalo and Touch Graphics, Inc.
https://segd.org/interactive-wayfinding-visually-impaired
Exhibition Canada Science and Technology Museum, Artifact Alley
Designer: Reich+Petch Design International
https://www.rgd.ca/2018/01/24/accessibility-case-study.php
Exhibition/PlacemakingGallaudet University, Maguire Welcome Center
Designer: C&G Partners
https://segd.org/deafspace-exhibit-design-gallaudet-university%E2%80%99s-maguire-center-0
Case Studies per practice area
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Symbol Design/Wayfinding Accessible Icon Project/ International Symbol of Access
https://segd.org/blog/international-symbol-access-challenge-updating-icon
Wayfinding Deloitte Montreal corporate offices
Designer: Reich+Petch Design International
https://segd.org/agile-wayfinding-deloitte-montreal
Symbol Design/WayfindingUniversal Health Care Symbols
Project management: Hablamos Juntos and SEGD
https://segd.org/hablamos-juntos-universal-health-care-symbols
Case Studies per practice area
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Interactive Experience Canadian Museum of Human Rights
Designers: Gagarin
https://segd.org/designing-interactive-experiences-museum-human-rights
Digital Experience ContentBill & Melinda Gates Discovery Center
Designers: Bluecadet Interactive
https://segd.org/bill-melinda-gates-discovery-center
Research & EducationCommunication + Place journal: “An Eight Step Pedagogy for Teaching Social Design”
Neeta Verma
https://segd.org/eight-step-pedagogy-teaching-social-design
Case Studies per practice area
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Research & EducationHumanizing the System: A Podcast
Justine Wang and Maddy Kelly , University of Notre Dame Professor: Neeta Verma
https://atelierjustine.com/racism-divides
Resources
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SEGD Resourceshttps://segd.org/mirtec-launching-nfc-accessibility-tags
https://segd.org/what-accessibility-and-ada
https://segd.org/2012-ada-white-paper-update
https://segd.org/what-legibility
https://segd.org/inclusive-high-quality-decisions-macromicro-design-impacts-within-our-everyday-experiences-0
Download the PDF of the full set of Disability Access Symbols, also known as Accessibility Symbols for use in your projects. This file can be opened in Illustrator for vector art usage.https://segd.org/accessibility-symbols
Accessibility LegislationAmericans with Disabilities Act (ADA)https://www.ada.gov
Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA) https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/05a11
Equality Act (United Kingdom) https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents
The Disability Discrimination Act (Australia)https://www.humanrights.gov.au/our-work/disability-rights
The Disability Act/National Disability Strategy (Ireland) http://nda.ie/Disability-overview/
United Nations Convention on The Rights of Persons with Disabilitieshttps://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities-2.html
Canadian Museum for Human Rights, Gagarin
Photo: ©The Canadian Museum for Human Rights and
Ian McCausland
Langdon, P.M., et al, eds. Designing Inclusive Systems. Springer. 2012.
Lupton, Ellen, et al, eds. Beautiful Users: Designing for People. Princeton Architectural Press, 2014.
Lupton, Ellen and Andrea Lipps, eds. The Senses: Design Beyond Vision. Princeton Architectural Press, 2018.
Maisel, Jordana, L., et al. Inclusive Design: Implementation and Evaluation.Routledge, 2017.
Maisel, Jordana L.. The State of the Science in Universal Design: Emerging Research and Developments. Benthem Science Publishers, 2010.
Null, Roberta L.. Universal Design: principles and models. CRC Press, 2013.
Nussbaumer, Linda L.. Inclusive Design: a universal need. Fairchild, 2012.
Papanek, Victor. Design for the Real World, 2nd ed., Chicago Review Press, 2005.
Preiser, Wolfgang and Korydon H. Smith, eds. Universal Design Handbook, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill Professional, 2010.
Smith, Kel. Digital Outcasts: Moving Technology Forward without Leaving People Behind. Morgan Kaufmann, 2013.
Steinfeld, Edward and Jordana L. Maisel. Universal Design: creating inclusive environments. John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
Tauke, Beth, et al, eds. Diversity and Design: Understanding Hidden Consequences. Routledge, 2016.
Williams Goldhagen, Sarah. Welcome to Your World: How the Built Environment Shapes Our Lives. Harper Collins, 2017.
Publications Boys, Jos, ed. Disability, Space, Architecture: A Reader. Routledge, 2017.
Bos, Joys. Doing Disability Differently: An Alternative Handbook on Architecture, Dis/ability and Designing for Everyday Life. Routledge, 2014.
Clarkson, John P., et al, eds. Designing Accessible Technology. Springer, 2006.
Davis, Lennard J.,ed. The Disability Studies Reader, 5th ed., Routledge, 2017.
Di Bucchinico, Giusepe, et al, eds. Advances in Design for Inclusion. Springer, 2016.
Dulon, Veronica, et al,, eds. Social Sustainability: a multilevel approach to social inclusion. Routledge, 2013.
Farrelly, Lorraine, ed. Designing for the third age: architecture redefined for a generation of “active agers”. John Wiley & Sons, 2014.
Goltsman, Susan, et al, eds. The inclusive city: design solutions for buildings, neighborhoods and urban spaces. MIG Communications, 2007.
Hamraie, Aimie. Building Access: Universal Design and the Politics of Disability.University of Minnesota Press, 2017.
Hannington, Bruce and Bella Martin, eds. Universal methods of design: 100 ways to research complex problems, develop innovative ideas and design effective solutions. Rockport Publishers, 2012.
Herwig, Oliver. Universal Design: solutions for barrier-free living. Birkhäuser, 2008.
Holmes, Kat. Mismatch: How Inclusion Shapes Design (Simplicity: Design, Technology, Business, Life). The MIT Press, 2018.
Interboro, eds. The Arsenal of Exclusion and Inclusion. Fol Har/Ma edition, 2017.
Langdon, P.M., et al, eds. Inclusive Designing: Joining Usability, Accessibility and Inclusion. Springer, 2014.
Resources
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Resources
Online AIGA Design for Democracy initiativehttps://www.aiga.org/design-for-democracy
AIGA Diversity & Inclusion initiativehttps://www.aiga.org/diversity-and-inclusion-initiative
AIGA Diversity & Inclusion task webcast serieshttp://www.aiga.org/diversity-and-inclusion-webcast-series
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)https://www.ada.gov/
Automattic Design: Inclusive Design checklisthttps://design.blog/inclusive/
Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) Foundationhttp://www.cnib.ca/
Canadian Centre for Disability Studies (CCDS)http://www.disabilitystudies.ca/
Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access, University of Buffalo, SUNY http://idea.ap.buffalo.edu/
Centre for Accessible Environments, UKhttp://cae.org.uk/
Centre for Disability Studies, University of Leeds, UKhttp://disability-studies.leeds.ac.uk
Centre for the Study of Political Graphicshttp://www.politicalgraphics.org/
Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum , The Senses: Design Beyond Vision https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2018/02/27/cooper-hewitt-smithsonian-design-museum-to-present-the-senses-design-beyond-vision/
Creative Reaction Labhttp://www.creativereactionlab.com/
Decolonising Designhttp://www.decolonisingdesign.com
Design Council – Inclusive Environments, UKhttp://www.designcouncil.org.uk/what-we-do/inclusive-environments
Design for All - Europehttp://dfaeurope.eu/
DesignABLEhttp://designable.ca/
Design Research Society, Inclusive Design Research Special Interest Grouphttp://www.designresearchsociety.org/cpages/inclusive-sig
Designing for People, University of British Columbia, Canadahttps://dfp.ubc.ca/
Global Disability Innovation Hub, University College London, UKhttps://www.disabilityinnovation.com/
Helen Hamlyn Centre for Design, Royal College of Art, UKhttps://www.rca.ac.uk/research-innovation/helen-hamlyn-centre/
IDEO: Facilitator’s Guide to Human-Centered Design https://www.plusacumen.org/courses/facilitator%E2%80%99s-guide-human-centered-design
IDEO Human-Centered Design Field Guidehttp://www.designkit.org//resources/1
“Inclusive Washrooms: A Solution Through Signage”, Entro Communicationshttps://segd.org/entro-produces-inclusive-washroom-paper
Resources
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Inclusive Design Institute, OCAD University, Canadahttps://inclusivedesign.ca/research/design/
Institute for Human-Centered Designhttps://humancentereddesign.org/
Disability Arts International, UKTate Museum “Two approaches to developing access in galleries & museums”http://www.disabilityartsinternational.org/films/two-approaches-to-developing-disabled-access-in-galleries-and-museums/
Interaction Design Association, Accessibility: Usability for allhttps://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/accessibility-usability-for-all
Lighthouse Internationalhttp://li129-107.members.linode.com/
Mapping Access project, Critical Design Labhttps://www.mapping-access.com/
Registered Graphic Designers of Ontario (RGD) Accessible Designhttp://rgd-accessibledesign.com
Smithsonian Guidelines for Accessible Exhibition Designhttps://www.si.edu/accessibility/sgaedhttps://www.si.edu/Accessibility
The Center for Universal Design, North Carolina University https://projects.ncsu.edu/ncsu/design/cud/
The Centre for Excellence in Universal Design, Irelandhttp://universaldesign.ie/
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/
Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum , The Senses: Design Beyond Vision, Studio Joseph; David Genco / Photo: Thomas Loof, Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum